[Event "Logical Chess, Move by Move #01"]
[Site "Berlin GER"]
[Date "1907"]
[Round "1"]
[White "Scheve"]
[Black "Teichmann"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "C53"]
[Annotator "Irving Chernev"]
[PlyCount "34"]
[EventDate "1907"]

{The chief object of all opening strategy is to get the piece out quickly off
the back rank and into active play. You cannot attack (let along try to
checkmate) with one or two peices. You must develop all of them, as each one
has a job to do. A good way to begin is to release two pieces at one stroke,
and this can be done by advancing one of the center pawns.} 1. e4 {This is an
xcellent opening move. White anchors a pawn in the center of the board and
opens the line for his queen and bishop. His next move, if he is allowed, will
be 2 d4. The two pawns will then control four squares of the fifth rank, c5,
d5, e5 and f5, and prevent Black from planting any of his pieces on those
important squares. How shall black replay to white's first move? He must not
waste time considering meaningless moves, such as 1...h6 or 1...a6. These and
other aimless moves do nothing toward developing the pieces, nor do they
interfere with white's threat to monopolize the center. Black must fight for
an equal share of the good squares. Black must dispute possession of the
center. Why all this stress on the center? Why is it so important? Pieces
placed in the center enjoy the greatest freedom of action and have the widest
scope for their attacking powers. A knight, for example, posted in the center,
reaches out in eight directions and attacks eight squares. Standing at the
side of the board, its range of attack is limited to four squares. It is only
half a knight! Occupation of the center means control of the most valuable
territory. It leaves less room for the enemy's pieces, and makes defence
difficult, as his pieces tend to get in each other's way. Occupation of the
center, or control of it from a distance, sets up a barrier that divides the
opponent's forces and prevent them from cooperating harmoniously . Resistence
by an army thus disunited is usually not very effective.} e5 {Very good! Black
insists on a fair share of the center. He fixes a pawn firmly there and
liberates two of his peices.} 2. Nf3 {Absolutely the best move on the board!
The knight develops with a threat - attack on a pawn. This gains time as black
is not free to develop as he pleases. He must save the pawn before he does
anything else, and this cuts down his choice of reply. The knight develops
towards the center, which increases the scope of his attack. The knight exerts
pressure on two of the strategically important squares in the center, e5 and
d4. The knight comes into play early in the game, in compliance with the
precept: develop knights before bishops! One reason for the cogency of this
principle is that the knight takes shorter steps than the bishop. It takes
longer for him to get to the fighting area. The bishop can sweep the length of
the chessboard in one move (notice how the f1-bishop can reach all the way to
a6). Where the knight takes a hop, skip and jump to get to b5, the bishop
makes it in one leap. Another purpose in developing the knights first is that
we are fairly sure where they belong in the opening. We know that they are
most effective on certain squares. We are not always certain of the right spot
for the bishop. We may want the bishop to command a long diagonal, or we may
prefer to have it pin an enemy piece. So: bring out your knights before
developing the bishops! At this point you will note that black must defend his
e-pawn before going about his business. There are several ways to protect the
pawn. He must evaluate and choose from these possibilities: 2...f6; 2...Qf6; 2.
..Qe7; 2... Bd6; 2...d6; and 2Nc6. How does black decide on the right move?
Must he analyse countless combinations and try to visualize every sort of
attack and defence for the next ten or fifteen moves? Let me hasten to assure
you that a master does not waste valuable time on futile speculation. Instead,
he makes use of a potent secret weapon - positional judgement. Applying it
enables him to eliminate from consideration inferior moves, to which the
average player devotes much thought. He hardly glances at moves that are
obviously violation of principle! Here is what might go through his mind as he
selects the right move: 2...f6: "Terrible! My f-pawn occupies a square that
should be reserved for the knight and it also blocks the queens'a path along
the diagonal. And I've moved a pawn when I should be developing pieces." 2...
Qf6: "Bad, since my knight belings at f6, not the queen. Also, I'm wasting the
power of my strongest piece to defend a pawn." 2...Qe7: "This shuts the
f8-bishop in, while my queen is doing a job which is a less piece could handle.
" 2...Bd6: "I've developed a piece, but the d-pawn is obstructed, and my
c8-bishop may be buried alive." 2...d6 "Not bad, since it gives the c8-bishop
an outlet. But wait - it limits the range of the f9-bishop, and again i"ve
moved a pawn when I should be putting pieces to work." 2...Nc6: "Eureka! This
must be best, as I have developed a piece to its most suitable square and
protected the e-pawn at the same time."} Nc6 {Without going into tedious
analysis, black picks out the best possible move. He follows the advice of the
Frenchman who said, "Sortez les pieces!" He brings a piece out and saves the
e-pawn without any loss of time. I would caution you that this and other
maxims are not to be blindly followed. In chess, as in life, rules must often
be swept aside. In general, though, the principles governing sound chess play
do make wonderful guideposts, especially in the opening, the middlegame and
the ending!} 3. Bc4 {"The best attacking piece is the king's bishop," says
Tarrasch, so white puts this piece to work and clears the way for early
castling. The bishop seizes a valuable diagonal in the center and attacks
blacks' f7-pawn. This pawn is particularly vulnerable as it is guaded by one
piece only - the king. It is not unusual, even early in the game, to sacrifice
a piece for this pawn, so that the king in capturing it is uprooted, driven
into the open and exposed to a violent attack.} Bc5 {Is this the most suitable
square for the bishop? Let us look at the alternatives: 3...Bb4: Inferior,
because black's bishop takes not part in the struggle for control of the
center and has little scope here. 3...Bd6: Poor, since the d-pawn is blocked,
and the other bishop may have trouble coming out. 3...Be7: Not too bad,
because the bishop looks out on two diagonals and is well placed for defence.
At e7 the bishop has made only one step forward, but it has been developed
once it has left the back rank. The important thing to remember is that every
piece must be put in motion. The strongest developing move is 3.. .Bc5. On
this excellent square the bishop commands an important diagonal, exerts
pressure on the center and attacks a weak pawn. This deployment conforms to
two golden rules for opening play: Place each piece as quickly as possible on
the square where it is most effective. Move each piece only once in the
opening.} 4. c3 {White's primary object is to establish two pawns in the
center and with this move he intends to support an advance of the d-pawn.
After 5 d4, attacking biship and pawn, black must reply 5...exd4. The
recapture by 6 cxd4 leaves white with tow pawns in control of the center. His
secondary aim is to bring the queen to b3, intensifying the pressure on the
f7-pawn. These are its virtues, but there are drawbacks to 4 c3: In the
opening, pices not pawns should be moved. In advancing to c3, the pawn
occupies a square that shoud be reserved for the b1-knight.} Qe7 {Very good!
ack develops a piece while parrying the threat. If white persists in playing 5
d4, the continuation 5...exd4 6 cxd4 Qxe4+ wins a pawn. The capture with check
give white no time to recover the pawn, and an extra pawn, everthing else
being equal, is enough to win the game.} 5. O-O {White postpones the advance
of the d-pawn and mvoes his king to a safer place. Castle early in the game,
preferable on the kingside.} d6 {Strengthens the center and supports the
e-pawn and bishop. Now the c8-bishop can get into the game.} 6. d4 {With the ho
pe that black will exchange pawns. This would leave white with an impressive
line-up in the center, while the c3-square is then available for his knight.
If now 6...exd4 7 cxd4 Qxe4, white punishes the pawn-snatching by 8 re1
pinning the queen.} Bb6 {But black need not capture! Now that his e-pawn is
secure, the bishop simply retreats, still bearing down on the white center
from its now position. Despite its formidable appearance, white's pawn-center
is shaky. The d-pawn is attacked three times, and white must keep a triple
guard on it while trying to complete his development. On 7 Qb3, which he
contemplate earlier, the queens protection is removed, while on 7 Nbd2 it is
cut off. Meanwhile white is faced with the threat of 7...Bg4 pinning and
thereby rendering useless one of the pawn's supports. Before committing
himself to a definite course of action, white sets a little trap:} 7. a4 {
A tricky move, but an illogical one. White threatens an attack on the bishop
by 8 a5. If then 8...Bxa5, 9 d5 strikes at the knight protecting the bishop.
After the reply 9 ... Nd8, white captures by 10 rxa5, winning a piece. Should
black, after 8 a5, play 8...Nxa5, then continuation 9 rxa5 Bxa5 10 Qa4+ nets
white two pieces for a rook. But what right has white to play conmination when
his development is so backward? An attack such as he initiates here is
premature and should not succeed. Develop all your pieces before starting any
combinations!} a6 {Black prepares a retreat for his bishop. This does not
violate the precept about making unecessary pawn moves in the opening.
Development is not meant to be routine or automatic; threats must always be
countered first. If more justification is needed, consider the black's loss of
time is compensated for by white's fruitless 7 a4 move.} 8. a5 {
There is a weak chance that black will be tempted to take the pawn.} Ba7 {
But black does not bite!} 9. h3 {A coffee-house move! Weak players make this
move instinctively in dire dread of having a piece pinned. It is better to
submit to the pin - a temporary inconvenience - than to prevent it by a move
that loosens the position of the pawns defending the king and weakens the
structure permanently. Playing h3 or g3 after castling creates an organic
weakness that can never be remedied, as a pawn once advanced cannot retreat,
and the position, once altered, cannot be restored. The pawn that has moved
forward itself becomes a target for direct attack, while the square it guarded
earlier (here it is g3) becomes a landing field for the enemy's troops. "You
should never, unless the necessit or to gain an advantage, move the pawns in
front of the castled king", says Tarrasch, "for each pawn move losens the
position." Alekhine expresses it even more strongly, "Always try to keep the
three pawns in front of your castled king on their original squares as long as
possible." Black can now speculate on breaking up white's kingside by removing
the h3-pawn, even at teh cost of a piece. The recapture tears open the g-file
and exposes whites king to attack. This plan is of course not to be put into
action until more piece are brought into play.} Nf6 {The knight swings into
the fray with an attack on the e-pawn. The move is excellent and conforms with
a useful general principle: Develop with a threat whenever possible. Remember
that to meet the threat the opponent must drop whatever else he is doing.} 10.
dxe5 {White exchanges, and opens up lines for he pieces. Unfortunately this
reacts in blacks favor, in accordance with the rule in these cases: Open lines
are to the advantage of the player whose development is superior.} Nxe5 {
Much stronger than taking with the pawn. The knight on e5, beautifully
centralized, radiates power in every direction (something a pawn cannot do).
The disappearance of white's d-pawn has benefited black's bishop, hidden away
at a7. Its range has been extended, so that it now controls the whole of the
long diagonal leading to white's f2-pawn - and the kins is just behind the
pawn! What shall white do now? He has nothing to relieve the plight of his
e-pawn - it is still attacked by one of black's knights, while his bishop is
threatened by the other.} 11. Nxe5 {This looks usible, as white gets rid of a
powerfully placed piece, but in making this exchange, white's own f3-knight,
the best defender of the castled position, comes off the board. The importance
of holding on to the knight in such situations was pointed out by Steinitz
more than seventy years ago, when he said, "Three unmoved pawns on the
kingside in conjunction with a minor piece form a strong bulwark against an
attack on that wing." Tarrasch attest to the valuable properties of the
f3-knight with a simple emphatic statement: "A knight at f3 [f6 for black] is
the best defence of a castled position on the kingside."} Qxe5 {Observe that
white's knight has disappeared completely from the board, but black's knight
has been replaced by another piece. This new piece, the queen, is
magnificently posed at e5. She dominates the center, bears down on the hapless
e-pawn, and is poised for quick action on any part of the board. How does
white solve the problems posed by the position of the menacing queen and the
attacks on his e-pawn? He would love to dislodge the queen by 12 f4, but
unfortunately the move is illegal. Can he save the pawn?} 12. Nd2 {Desperately
hoping that black will snatch up the pawn, by 12... Nxe4, when there would
follow 13 Nxe4 Qxe4 14 re1, and the pin wins the queen. But black is not
interested in grabbing pawns. His positional superiority is great enough to
justifiy looking for a combination that will conclusively force a win. His
bishops exert terrific pressure on their respective diagonals (even though one
bishop is still undeveloped!) Each of them attacks a pawn shielding the king.
Black's queen is ready to swing over to the kingside, while the knight can
leap in if more help is needed. Black controls the center, a condition that,
Capablanca says, is essential for a successful attack against the king. In
short, black is entitled to a winning combination as reward for his methodical
positional play. The question is: is there a target available for the
explosion of this pent-up power?} Bxh3 $1 {Yes indeed, The h-pawn , which
innocently moved to h3 to prevent a pin! Black removes the offending pawn -
fit punishment for the crime of weakening whites position and betraying his
king.} 13. gxh3 {
White must capture the bishop or be a pawn down with nothing to show for it.}
Qg3+ $1 {A crashing entrance! Notice how black has exploited the two main
defects of 9 h3. He captured the h-pawn itself and utilized the g3-square,
weakened by its advance, as a point of invasion.} 14. Kh1 {
White may not take the queen, as his f-pawn is pinned.} Qxh3+ {
Black destroys another defending pawn, further exposing the king.} 15. Kg1 {
White's only move. In return for the sacrificed bishop, black has two pawns
and the attack.} Ng4 {Threatens mate on the move. White must guard against the
threat at h2 or give his king a flight square. If he tried to give his king
room by 16 re1, he falls into 16 Bxf2#. Hence ...} 16. Nf3 {To guard h2 and
stop mate by the queen. How does black conclude the attack? He reasons it out
this way: I have captured two of the pawns near the king. If I can remove the
third pawn it will deprive the king of the last shred of protection, and he
will be helpless. This last defender, the f-pawn, is attacked by my knight and
bishop, and protected by his rook and king. I must either drive off one of the
defenders or attack the pawn a third time. Perhaps I can do both!} Qg3+ {
Again exploiting the circumstance that the f-pawn is pinned, black attacks it
with a third piece, the queen.} 17. Kh1 {The king must move to the corner and
desert the pawn. Only the rook defends it now, against an attack by queen,
knight and bishop. The pawn must fall, and with it the game.} Bxf2 {Covers the
kings flight square, g1, and prevents him from returning there in answer to a
check. Black's threat was 18 ... Qh3+ 19 Nh2 Qxh2#. As is 18 rxf2 runs into 18
... Nxf2#, there is no escape.} 0-1

[Event "Logical Chess, Move by Move #02"]
[Site "Liege BEL"]
[Date "1928"]
[Round "2"]
[White "Liubarski"]
[Black "Soultanbeieff"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "C53"]
[Annotator "Irving Chernev"]
[PlyCount "32"]
[EventDate "1928"]

1. e4 {One of the best moves on the board! A pawn occupies the center, and two
pieces are freed for action. One hundred and fifty years ago the great
Philidor said, "The game cannot better be opened than by advancing the e-pawn
two squares." This advice is still good today. Only one other white first move,
1 d4, releases two pieces at the same time.} e5 {"Probably the best reply, "
says Capablanca. Black equalizes the pressure in the center and frees his
queen and a bishop.} 2. Nf3 {This is superior to such developing moves as 2
Nc3 or 2 Bc4, which are less energetic. The g1-knight comes into play with
attack, which cuts down the choice of reply. Black must defend his pawn with 2.
..Nc6 or 2...d6 or he may decide to counterattack by 2... Nf6. Whatever his
answer, he cannot dawdle. He must do something to meet white's threat.} Nc6 {
Undoubtedly the logical move. The pawn is protected without loss of time and
the b8-knight is developed to its best post in the opening in one move.} 3. Bc4
{Excellent, since the bishop seizes an important diagonal. The bishop strikes
at f7, black's weakest point. A bishop is utilized to greatest effect either
in controlling an important diagonal or in pinning (and rendering useless) an
enemy piece.} Bc5 {3...Nf6 is a good alternative. Either move is in accord
with the maxims of the masters, which they advocate and put to use: Get your
pieces out fast! Move each piece ony once in the opening. Develop with a view
to control of the center. Move only those pawns that facilitate the
development of pieces. Move pieces, not pawns.} 4. c3 {White's intentions are
clear: he wants to support a pawn advance in the center. His next move, 5 d4,
will attack pawn and bishop. To save his e-pawn, black will be forced to play
5 ... exd4. The recapture by 6 cxd4 will give white a strong formation of
pawns in the center. White's idea has some point if it can be enforced. If the
plan fails, his pawn standing at c3 deprives the b1-knight of its most useful
square.} Bb6 $1 {Chess is not a game to be played mechanically. Usually,
moving a piece twice in the opening is a waste of time, but threats must be
parried before continuing development. The bishop retreats in order to
pre-empt white's contemplated 5 d4, which attacks pawn and bishop.} 5. d4 {
Hoping to induce black to exchange pawns. Note that black's e-pawn is attack,
but not his bishop.} Qe7 {Instead of exchaning pawns (as he would have been
compelled to do if his bishop were also under attack) black defends his e-pawn
while bringing another piece into play. His queen has advanced only one square,
but even so the move is laudable: The act of leaving the back rank constitues
a developing move. In addition to developing a piece and defending a pawn,
blacks last move threatens to continue 6 .. exd4 7 cxd4 Qxe4+, winning a pawn.}
6. O-O {Besides the usual benefits derived from castling (safeguarding the
king and mobilizing the rook) white's move indirectly protects his e-pawn. If
black tries 6 ...exd4 7 cxd4 Qxd4, then 8 re1 pins and wins the queen.} Nf6 $1
{The knight develops with a threat - attack on the e4-pawn.} 7. d5 {Tempting, a
s it will dislodge the c6-knight from its strong post. The move is natural,
but to be censured on several counts: 1-the d-pawn blocks the path of white's
own c4-bishop, greatly limiting its action. 2-the range of blacks b6-bishop
has been increased; now his attack leads straight to whites king. 3-white has
moved a pawn while his queenside pieces are crying to be released. In the
opening, move only those pawns that help develop the pieces.} Nb8 {Retreat is
fer than moving the knight to the side of the board. After 7 ... Kn5 white's
response is 8 Bd3 after which he threatens to win the awkwardly placed knight
by 9 b4.} 8. Bd3 {Defends the e-pawn, but the development of another piece is
more consistent with opening strategy. Either 8 Nbd2 or 8 Qe2 protects the
pawn while bringing one more piece into play. Do not move the same piece twice
in the opening. It is interesting to see how black punishes these infractions
of principle. On the chessboard, if nowhere else, justice does triumph.} d6 {
No exception can be taken to this pawn move: it strengthens the center, opens
a path for the c8-bishop and relieves the queen of the burden of watching over
the e-pawn.} 9. h3 {To prevent black from pinning his knight by 9 ... Bg4, but
as Publius Syrus observed some considerable time ago, "There are some remedies
worse than the disease." In disturbing the position of the pawns shielding his
king, white weakens organically the structure of the kingside castled position
and sets up the unfortunate h-pawn itself as a convenient target for direct
attack. All chess theorists affirm the validity of the concept of leaving the
kingside pawns unmoved, from Staunton, who said more than a hundred and forty
years ago, "It is seldom prudent in an inexperienced player to advance the
pawns on the side on which his king has castled," to Reuben Fine, who said a
century later, "the most essential consideration is that the king must not be
subject to attack. He is safest when the three pawns are on their original
squares." How does black take advantage of white's last move? What is the best
way to expose its imperfections?} h6 $1 {By playing a move similar to the one
I have severly censured! What is the justification for black's advance of the
h-pawn? Black has not weakened his defensive position, since his king is not
castled on the kingside. His advance of the h-pawn is a gesture of attack, not
a timid attempt to ward off a pin. The h-pawn will constitute a base for the
g-pawn, which will march up to g5 and then g4. From there it will strike in
two directions, at white's knight and his h3-pawn. White will be compelled
either to capture this pawn or let it capture his own h3-pawn. No matter which
exchange occurs, it results in an opening up of the g-file, along which black
can align his pieces for an attack on the king.} 10. Qe2 {
A developing move, but it may be too late.} g5 $1 {A bayonet thrust! The next
step is to g4, where the pawn will break up whites position.} 11. Nh2 {
To prevent the intended advance. If the pawn moves on, it will be attacked
three times and defended only twice. Has black's planmiscarried?} g4 $1 {
Not at all! If necessary, black will sacrifice a pawn for the sake of ripping
away the defensive screen around white's king.} 12. hxg4 {Practically forced,
as black was threatening 12...gxh3, as well as 12 ... g3. White has managed to
close the file, for the time being.} Rg8 {Now it is black who attacks the
g-pawn three times, while only two pieces defend it! Obviously, white may not
give his pawn more support by 13 f3, as it's against the law. It exposes his
king to check.} 13. Bxh6 {Despaerately snatching at a loose pawn. In view of
his retarded development and the plight of his king, such a capture is risky
policy. If any hope remains it lies in some such move as 13 Be3. Not only does
this bring another piece into play, but also in opposing one force with
another of equal strength, it neutralizes the pressure of black's bishop. The
text-move disregards the admonition: Do not grab pawns at the expense of
development or position.} Nxg4 {Gaining time by threatening the bishop - among
other things. Can white save the game? If he tries 14 Nxg4, black forces the
win by 14 Bxg4 (attacking the queen) 15 Qc2 Bf3 (threatening 16 ...rxg2+ 17
Kh1 Qh4#). 16 g3 Qh4! and mate will come at h1. In this line of play, black
skillfully exploits the helplessness of white's pinned pawns.} 14. Be3 {
The bishop flees and attempts to repel one of the assailants.} Nxh2 {The captur
e greatly limits white's choice of reply. The knight has taken a piece and now
threatens the rook.} 15. Kxh2 {On the alternative 15 Bxb6 black wins by 15 ...
axb6 16 Kxh2 Qh4+ 17 Kg1 rxg2+! (the fastest) 18 Kxg2 Bh3+! and white must
either walk into mate by 19 Kg1 Qg5+ 20 Kh2 Qg2# or into a discovered check by
19 Kh2 Bxf1+ 20 Kg1 Bxe2, when the loss of material is ruinous.} Qh4+ {
Black has two major pieces operating with full force on the two open files
near the enemy king. The attack plays itself.} 16. Kg1 {White's only move.} Qh3
{Threatening mate on the move. There is no defence that will postpone the mate
for long.: If 17 g3, then black continues 17 rh8 18 f3 Bxe3+ 18 Qxe3 (or rf2
Qh1#) 19 ... Qxg3#. Or if 17 f3, guarding the g-pawn with his queen, then 17 ..
. Bxe3+ 18 rf2 Wxg2# is mate. Strange that white who feared the pin so much
should perish by the pin!} 0-1

[Event "Logical Chess, Move by Move #03"]
[Site "Ghent BEL"]
[Date "1929"]
[Round "3"]
[White "Colle"]
[Black "Delvaux"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "D05"]
[Annotator "Irving Chernev"]
[PlyCount "43"]
[EventDate "1929"]

1. d4 {Modern players consider this to be one of the best opening moves. It is
equal in value to 1 e4 in that two pieces are freed for action, while a pawn
seizes a central square. The difference is that the d-pawn stands protected
whereas the e-pawn would be vulnerable to an early attack.} d5 {This move and
1 .. Nf6 are by far the most common replies to 1 d4. White must not be allowed
to play 2 e4 and dominate the vital central squares with his pawns.} 2. Nf3 {
So great an authority as Emanuel Lasker, World Champion for 27 years, says of
this move, "In my practice I have usually found it strongest to post the
knights at B3, where they have a magnificent sway." Here 'B3' refers to the
squares c3 and f3 for White, or c6 and f6 for Black.} Nf6 {Black follows suit
in trumps, developing his king's knight to its most useful square.} 3. e3 {
Generall, it is dubious strategy to release one biship while shutting in the
other. In this game, Whie is adopting a system that calls for a storing up of
dynamic energy behind the lines, which is released at the right time by an
explosion at the key e4-square. To this end, White develops so that his peices
exert their maximum pressure at e4. His bishop will therefore occupy d3, and
his b1-knight willmove to d2. If more concentration of force is needed, his
queen will supply it by developing at e2, or he may play O-O followed by Re1.
Then, with all this potential energy ready to let loose, the e-pawn advances
to e4, to rip the position apart and open fire on Black's kingside.Development
in the Colle System is on positional lines, but the objective is a
kingsideattack!} e6 {This is a routine developing move which serves to
maintain the symetry but has the defect of not crossing White's plans. Clearly,
it was better strategy either to attack White's pawn-center by 3. ... c5 or to
counter by 3. ... Bf5. Not only is this latter a simple, sound developing move,
but also it prepares to oppose White's bishop, which is headed for d3, with en
equal force. The exchange of bishops, which follows sooner or later, will
deprive White of a most valuable weapon in kingside attacks.} 4. Bd3 {
Notice the difference! White's bishop commands a beautiful (and undisputed)
diagonal, while Black's c8-Bishop, covering squares of the same color, is
hemmed in by the e-pawn.} c5 {Very good! Black strikes at the pawn formation
in the center and gives his queen access to the queenside. This freeing move
of the c-pawn is of the greatest importance in queen's pawn openings.} 5. c3 {
"Move only one or two pawns in the opening!" say all the authorities but no
principle must be followed uncompromisingly. This move permits White to meet
the advance ...c4 by Bc2, keeping the bishop lined up against Black's kindside.
In the event that pawns are exchanged on d4, White can recapture with the
e-pawn and free his c1-bishop.} Nc6 {Another good move. The knight comes into
play toward the center increasing the pressure on the d-pawn.} 6. Nbd2 {
An odd-looking sortie. Not only does this knight block the paths of the queen
and a bishop, but also the piece itself seems to be doing little good. Yet, an
expert would make this move without a moment's hesitation! For one thing, the
knight adds its weight to the pressure on the strategically importante4-square,
the springboard of the coming attack. For another, it is mobilized once it
gets off the back rank. Finally, it can hop out of the way of the queen and
the bishop when it is expedient for it to do so.} Be7 {Black brings another
peice into play (remember that the bishop is doing a job once it leaves the
back rank) and prepares to get his king into safety by castling.} 7. O-O {
The king flees to a less exposed sector, while the rook comes out of hiding.}
c4 {This is the sort of move instnctively made by a beginner. Its purpose is
to chase off an annoying piece from its favorable post. The move is weak
because it releases the pressure on White's center. Tension must be maintained
if Black is to have something to say about affairs in this vital area.
Counterplay in the center is the best means of opposing a kingside attack and
to secure counterplay, the pawn position must be kept fluid.} 8. Bc2 {
Naturally the bishop retreats, but stays on the diagonal leading to the
e4-square, where the break will come.} b5 {Primarily to make room at b7 for
his light-squared bishop, but also with an eye to making trouble with a
possible advance of his queenside pawns.} 9. e4 {The key move in this opening!
It will open up lines for an attack by White's pent-up pieces.} dxe4 {
Not an attractive choice for Black, but he cannot have the threat of the e5
advance (displacing his knight and severely cramping his movements)perpetually
hanging over his head.} 10. Nxe4 {With this recapture, White's pieces that
were crouched in the background spring into play. White has the initiative and
a commanding position in which to exercise it. If no immediate attacking
opportunities present themselves, he can quietly put on more pressure by Qe2,
Re1, Bf4 (or Bg5) and Rad1, and wait for Balcks game to crack.} O-O {It might h
ave been wiser to pospone castling (contrary to usual principles) as White is
poised for an attack in that direction. This is another case where the value
of a precept is conditioned by circumstances. Black would do better to try for
counter play by 10. ...Qc7 followed by 11. ... Bb7 and 12...Rd8.} 11. Qe2 {
The developing move also threatens to win a piece. The idea is 12 Nxf6+ Bxf6
13. Qe4, and the threat of mate on the kingside wins the exposed knight on the
queenside.} Bb7 {Black guards his knight while developing another piece.} 12.
Nfg5 {Threatening the deadly 13 Nxf6+ Bxf5 14 Bxh7+ Kh8 15. Qh5. Why an
exclamation mark for a simple threat which is so easily countered? Why glorify
this move when Black can not only save the pawn but also cause White to lose
time? Black simply moves the h-pawn one square, rescues the pawn and forces
White's knight to retreat. The answer to these questions is that White's
purpose with his brilliant knight move is to compel one of the pawns defending
the king to step forward. The secret of conducting a successful kingside
attack is to create a breach in the cordon of pawns surrounding the enemy king;
to induce or force one of the pawns to move. The change in the line-up of
pawns fixes the defence with a permanent weakness.} h6 {"Touch the awns before
your king with only infinite delicacy," says Santasiere. But, alas it's too
late - Black must disturb the pawn position. Had he tried 12... Nxe4, the
recapture by 13 Qxe4 threatens mate, and compels 13...g6 - and the pawns are
disarranged.} 13. Nxf6+ {
Destroying the f6-knight, the best defender of a castled position.} Bxf6 {
The alternative 13...gxf6 loses quickly. White could win either by gobbling up
the pawns with 14 Nxe6 fxe6 15 Qg4+ Kh8 (15 ...Kf7 16 Qg6#) 16 Qg6 f5 17 Qxh6+
Kg8 18 Qxe6+ and the f-pawn falls next, of with 14 Nh3 (threatening 15 Bxh6)
14 ... Kg7 15 Bxh6+ Kxh6 16 Qe3+ Kg7 17 Qg3+ Kh8 18 Qh4+ followed by 19 Qh7#.}
14. Qe4 {Threatening instant mate.} g6 {Making room for the king's escape by
14 ... Re8 does not look inviting, as after 15 Qh7+ Kf8 16 Ne4 White's attack
appears dangerous. However, it is preferable to Black's actual move, which
sotps the queen coming any closer, but alters the pawn configuration. This
change in the pawn formation saddles Black with a weakness that is organic,
and one that can turn out to be fatal. All this is encourating to White, but
how does he proceed? How does he exploit the weaknesses in Black's position?
Above all, what does he do about his knight which is still under attack? Shall
it retreat abjectly? Before moving the knight back to f3 mechanically and
unthinkingly, Whitte looks carefully at the situation. The opportunity to
strike a decisive blwo may be here at this very moment, but one hasty 'obvious
move' may give Black just enough breathing time to reorganize his defences.
This is the positioni, and here is how White reasons out his attack: The key
point must be Black's g-pawn, which guards his king from invasion. If anything
happens to this pawn - if it is captured - the defence crumbles, and I can
break into the fortress. How do I go about removing it from the board? The
g-pawn is protected by the f-pawn; suppose I destroy its support by
sacrificing my knight for the f-pawn? After 15 Nxf7 Kxf7 (or 15...Rxf7) 16
Qxg6+, and I have two pawns for my knight, with a third one in sight, as the
h-pawn nmust fall. Material is then approximately broken up, and clinching the
win should be easy. This might be the general plan, but before putting it in
motion, White analyses the combination for possible flaws and comes up with
this: after 15 Nxf7 Rxf7 (bringing another piece to the defence) 16 Qxg6+ Rg7
17 Qxh6 Nxd4!, suddenly Black is the aggressor! He threatens mate in two by 18
...Ne2+ 19 Kh1 Bxg2#, as well as outright ruin by 18 ...Rxg2+, followed by a
deadly discovered check. Clearly this lilne of play is too dangerous. Is there
another way to break through, without letting Black's rook come into the game?
Can I get rid of the f-pawn without disturbing the rook? It is important that
I remove this pawn, as it supports the g-pawn and the e-pawn. Wait a minute!
There is a clue in the last sentence. The f-pawn, guarding two other pawns ,
is serving two masters. Obviously it is overworked! I must add to its burden
by luring it away from its present important post! Therefore:} 15. Nxe6 {
The knight captures a pawn and attacks the queen and rook.} fxe6 {
Black must accept the sacrifice or lose rook and pawn for a knight.} 16. Qxg6+
{Stronger than taking the e-pawn, after which Black has four ways to get out
of check. Each of these replies might lose, but it is more practical to attack
the enemy with blows that leave him little choice of reply.} Bg7 {
The only move, since 16...Kh8 walks right into mate.} 17. Qh7+ {White has other
attractive continuations in 17 Bxh6 or 17 Qxe6+ but this forces the king out
into the open where White's other pieces can get at him.} Kf7 {The only move.}
18. Bg6+ {Stronger than 18 Bxh6, to which Black retorts 18...Qf6 followed by
Rh8. The text-move keeps him on the run.} Kf6 {
Certainly not 18 ...Ke7, when 19 Qxg7+ lets White pick up a couple of bishops.}
19. Bh5 {White is still angling for 20 Qg6+ Ke7 21 Qxg7+, when both black
bishops come off the board.} Ne7 {The only way to prevent the queen check.} 20.
Bxh6 {White is not playing to pick up stray pawns, but to bring another piece
intot he attack. The pawn that is added to the collection is incidental to the
general scheme of things.} Rg8 {To parry the threat of 21 Qxg7+ Kf5 22 Qe5# On
20 ...Bxh6 White intended 21 Qxh6+ Kf5 22 Rae1, when the threat of mate either
by the rook or the g-pawn is decisive.} 21. h4 {The new threat is 22 Bg5#.}
Bxh6 {Loses on the spot, but there was no defence for Black: if 21 ...e5, then
22 Bxg7+ Rxg7 23 dxe5+ and the king must abandon the rook.} 22. Qf7# 1-0

[Event "Logical Chess, Move by Move #04"]
[Site "London ENG"]
[Date "1891"]
[Round "4"]
[White "Blackburne"]
[Black "Blanchard"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "C30"]
[Annotator "Irving Chernev"]
[PlyCount "35"]
[EventDate "1891"]

1. e4 {Values were constant in many fields of endeavour at the time this game
was played: Stores began, "Once upon a time," Tic-tac-toe players put a cross
in teh central square, Checker masters started with 11-15, Chess masters
opened with 1 e4. Despite the researches of the scientists, these remain good
beginnings.} e5 {Black opens lines for two of his pieces and establishes
equilibrium in the center.} 2. f4 {An offer of a pawn to induce black to
surrender his share of the center. Accepting the gift enable white to continue
with 3 Nf3, followed by 4 d4, and dominate the center with his pawns. In
addition, the opening of the f-file will offer white the opportunity of
directing his attack at the vulnerable point f7. This is a tender spot whether
black's king stays at hoe or castles.} Bc5 {Probably the safest way to decline
the gambit: 1) The bishop bears down on the center and controls an excellent
diagonal. 2) The bishop supplements the pawn's attack on d4 and prevents white
from moving his d-pawn to d4. 3) The bishop's presence at c5, overlooking g1,
forbids white from casteling in a hurry.} 3. Nc3 {White avoids 3 fxe5 because
the reply (coming like a shot, probably) 3...Qh4+ 4 g3 (even worse is 4 Ke2
Qxe4#) 4...Qxe4+ wins a rook for black. White's actual move is ot energetic as
3 Nf2, but in playing 3 Nc3 Blackburne was trying to lure his opponent into
playing 3...Bxg1 4 Rxg1 Qh4+ 5g3 Qxh2, when 6 Rg2 followed by 7 fxe5 gives
white a fine game.} Nc6 {A simple retort to the dubious invitation. Black
continue mustering his forces on the field of action. In the fight for control
of the center, his kinght doest its share by exerting pressure on the squares
e5 and d4.} 4. Nf3 {Did white miss a chance to win material by 4 fxe5 Nxe5 5
d4? No, because 4 fxe5 is met by 4...d6, whereby Black offers a pawn for the
sake of securing a free, easy development. The text-move puts an end to the
possibility of being bothered by a queen check and revives the threat of
winning the e-pawn.} exf4 {This is a poor move on at lease four counts: 1) In
moving a pawn instead of a piece, Black loses sight of the chief objective in
all opening strategy: Move the pieces! Get them off the back rank and on the
job! 2) He surrenders his hold on the center and the privileges it confers. 3)
He wastes time capturing a pawn which he cannot retain. 4) He permits white to
seize the center next move, which forces a retreat by his biship and a
consequent loss of time. Tarrasch considered a move such as the one just made
by black a worse offence than an outright blunder, such as leaving a piece en
prise. Instead of this, black might better have played 4...d6, which holds
everything and lets the c8-bishop see daylight.} 5. d4 {Of course! No player
should take more than half a second to see the power push! The pawn seizes
control of a good bit of the center (occupying d4 and attacking two other
important squares), dislodges the bishop from its strong position and uncovers
an attack by his own c1-bishop on the f4-pawn.} Bb4 {It would have been
sounder strategy to retreat to e7 instead, where the bishop is unvaluable for
defence.} 6. Bxf4 {White gains a tempo with this capture, as he receovers the
lost pawn and develops a piece at the same time.} d5 {Black attacks the white
e-pawn, disputing possession of the center. Meanwhile, black gives his
queen-side pieces more air.} 7. e5 {All pawn moves have positive and negative
aspects. (Tarrasch used to say, "Every pawn move loosens the position.") One
drawback for white in the advance of his e-pawn is that the occupation of e5
by a pawn deprives his pieces of a useful square. The knight especially
operates to great advantage when posted at e5. In compensation, the pawn
exercies a cramping effect on black's entire position and imposes particular
restraint on black's king's knight, which cannot develop naturally at f6.}
Bxc3+ {Black is intrigued by the pospect of saddling Blackburne with a doubled
pawn, but why capture a piece that is pinned and can do no harm? Why relax the
pressure at all? A more commendable precedure was to bring up the reserves,
starting with 7. ... Bf5.} 8. bxc3 {In return for the handicap of the doubled
pawns (little enough, since the advance c4 forces an exchange and undoubles
the pawns) white enjoys advantages in his two bishops and in the open b-file
which his rook will put to good use.} Be6 {A superficial move, as the bishop
could develop to greater effect at f5. There it would hinder white from freely
posting his bishop at d3, except at the cost of permitting the bishops to be
exchanged. Developing the pieces to squares where they are most effective
assures an advantage; preventing the opponent from doing likewise increases it.
IT IS IMPORTANT TO FIGHT FOR CONTROL OF THE VITAL SQUARES.} 9. Bd3 {Clearly an
excellent deployment: the bishop reaches out in two directions, ready to take
a hand on either side of the board.} h6 {Apparently to prevent 10. Ng5 or 10
Bg5 White, who is interested only in completing his development, has not the
slightest intention of making either of these moves. The move ... h6 by black
(or h3 by white) should be played only if the h-pawn is to form a base for an
attack by pawns, i.e. it if supports an advance by the g-pawn. Defensively,
the move does more harm than good, as it loosens the pawn structure and
weakens its resistance to attack. It is especially dangerous if the king has
castled on the kingside, as the pawn itself, standing out from the ranks,
provides a convenient target. Also (as if the foregoing were not enough) it
does nothing to further the cause of development and wastes time which should
be devoted to liberation of pieces which are still shut in.} 10. O-O {
At one stroke white secures the safety of his king and brings his rook on to
an open file. It is true that the file is cluttered up by a knight and bishop,
which interfere with the rook's influence, but they are pieces, not pawns, and
can move quickly out of the way.} Nge7 {Not the happiest spot for the knight,
but how else can it get into the game? Poor as this development is, it is by
far preferable to letting the knight stay uselessly at home.} 11. Rb1 {
The master makes this move in flash, while the run-of-the-mill player never
even looks at it! What is the rook's future on this file? It attacks a pawn,
but the pawn is easily protected. Why not try for a kingside attack, instead
of this futile demonstration? The answer lies in this: the master's instinct
(or perhaps his knowledge or experience) tells him that he must seize any
files that are open - control them at once with his rooks or his queen. "Make
the moves," it says, "that confrom with the requirements of the position, and
you will be suitable rewarded. Play the moves necessary to establish a
superior position! Develop your pieces so that they enjoy maximum mobility,
and control most of the territory. Direct your efforst to weakening the enemy
position, crampign the movements of his pieces, and reducing the capacity of
his resistance before you make the first move of a combination. When the time
is ripe, the attack will play itself. The decisive combination will stare you
in the face."} b6 {This too is a move that disguishes the master form the
amateur! How easy it is to advance the pawn, safeguard it from attack, and let
the rook bite on granite! Obvious as this defence is, no top-ranking player
would rush to adopt it! He would try to avoid disturbing the pawn formation
and consider instead such alternatives as 11 ... Rb8 or 11. ... Qc8. After the
actual move, the light squares on black's queenside have been weakened. More
to the point, the advance of the pawn deprives the c6-knight of solid support
- acircumstance that white will exploit in his forthcoming attack on the king,
away over at the other side of the board.} 12. Qd2 {The queen leaves the first
rank to enale the rooks to get in touch with each other. They may wish to
increase the pressure on an open file by doubling on it, or otherwise work on
concert. The full meaning of white's queen move might easily be overlooked by
an opponent who makes plausible but superficial replies. CHESS MUST NOT BE
PLAYED MECHANICALLY, EVEN IN THE SIMPLEST MOST PLACID POSITIONS.} O-O {
Walking right into the teeth of the storm! Before making a move that suggest
itself so readily, black might have asked himself, "how can I exploit white's
one weakness, the doubled pawns on the c-file?" He might then have hit upon
Na5, with the object of swinging the knight to c4. There it blockades the
doubled pawn, interferes with the free movement of white's pieces, and in
general sticks like a bone in the throat. WHite could capture the knight, but
then he pars with one of his valuable bishops, and as a result of the exchange
his pawn position would be inferior to black's. Finally black could then
anchor one of his pieces to great effec on d5, a square form which it could
never be evicted by pawns.} 13. Bxh6 {Blackburne must have snatched this pawn
up at lightening speed! At the price of a bishop, he immediately gets two
pawns as material return, demolishes the barricade of pawns near the king -
and more, as we shall see.} gxh6 {Black must capture the bishop, or be a pawn
down without any positional compensation.} 14. Qxh6 {Let us see what white's
return is for the piece that he sacrificed: 1) He has two pawns in tangible
assets 2) His queen is powerfully placed in enemy territory - threatening mate
on the move, in fact! 3) He has ripped away the screen of pawns that sheltered
black's king. 4) He has a strong attack in prospect, starting with 15 Ng5. 5)
If more help is needed, he can call up the reserves (after 15 Ng5) by 16 Rf3,
followed by 17 Rg3.} Ng6 {Was there any other defence? 1) 14 ... Nf5 (to
interfere with the actio of the bishop), then 15 Bxf5 Bxf5 16. Qxc6 picks up
the unprotected knight on the queenside, a consequence of black's instinctive
advance of his b-pawn at his 11th move. 2) 14. ... Bf5 15 Bxf5 Nxf5 16. Qxc6,
and again white scoops up the unfortunate knight. 3) 14. ... f5 leaves black's
bishop en prise. White would capture it follwoing Tartakower's excellent
advice: "Take it first and philosophize afterward!"} 15. Ng5 {Again threatening
mate at h7. This is speedier than the brutal alternative 15 Bxg6 fxg6 16 Qxg6+
followed by 17 Qxe6, which wins material, and eventually the game. Blackburne
heeds the injunciton laid down by Baron va Heydebrand und der Lasa, who
flourished in the nineteenth century: "The simplest and shortest way of
winning is the best way."} Re8 {
The rook provides the king with a flight square.} 16. Rxf7 {Again there is a
pleasant choice of winning methods: two others are 16 Bxg6 and if 16 ... fxg6,
then 17 Qh7#; and 16 Nh7, followed by 17 Nf6+ and a quick mate. The move
actually made nails down the king and renews the threat of mate on the move.}
Bxf7 {Forced, if black wants to avoid resigning.} 17. Qh7+ {
Nudging the king into a fatal situation.} Kf8 {The only move.} 18. Qxf7# {
The danger in playing plausible but perfunctory chess is finely illustrated in
this game. Blackburn, who played this and seven other games simultaneously
while blindfolded, relied on order and method to achieve victory. It proved
easily superior to the move-to-move groping of his sighted opponent.} 1-0

[Event "Logical Chess, Move by Move #05"]
[Site "Dresden GER"]
[Date "1915"]
[Round "5"]
[White "Ruger"]
[Black "Gebhard"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "C54"]
[Annotator "Irving Chernev"]
[PlyCount "37"]
[EventDate "1915"]

1. e4 {The most important target in the opening is to develop the pieces as
fast a spossible in order to occupy and control the centre. White's first move
fixes a pawn in the centre and releases two pieces off the back rank, opens
avenues for his queen and bishop.} e5 {Black equalized the pressure in the
centre and release two pieces for action. He must be content with this, as he
cannot hope at this early stage to wrest the initiative away from White by
force.} 2. Nf3 {It is good strategy to make developing moves that embody
threats, as it cuts down the choice of reply.} (2. Nc3 {Against the Nc3, which
develops a piece but attacks nothing, Black can choose from among such good
responses as:} Nf6 (2... Nc6) (2... Bc5)) (2. Bc4 {Likewise if White's second
move is the quiet Bc4, Black has three good options in:} Nf6 (2... Bc5) (2...
d6 {With a view to an early d5})) 2... Nc6 {Black saved his e-pawn and
develops a piece. The knight comes into play efficiently: its action is
directed toward influencing the centre. It defends the e-pawn and attacks d4.}
3. Bc4 {The bishop comes out, taking up a post where it commands a diagonal
leading towards Black's king. It attacks a pawn which is peculiarly vulnerable
as it is defended only by the king. This does not mean that White will capture
the pawn in the next few moves, BUT THE THREAT IS ALWAYS THERE. Many a short
brilliancy owes its life to similar captures in whch the bishop is sacrificed
simply to draw the king out into the open where White's other pieces can get
at him.} Bc5 {Black followe suit, bringing his bishop out to the most suitable
square. In the opening, a bishop is best placed for attack when it controls a
diagonal passing through the centre or when it pins a hostile knight and
renders it immobile. Defensively, the bishop would do a find job at e7 where
it radiates power in several directions, making an intrusion by an enemy piece
difficult.} 4. c3 {Supporting an advance of the d-pawn with a view to
controlling the centre. White postpones castling as his king is in no danger.}
Nf6 {
A powerful counter to the threat: Black develops a piece and attacks a pawn.}
5. d4 {White meets this by attacking a piece.} exd4 {Practically forced, since:
} (5... Bd6 {guarding the e-pawn is clumsy, since:}) (5... Bb6 {permits} 6.
dxe5 Nxe4 7. Bxf7+ ({White could also play:} 7. Qd5 {
attacking the knight while threatening mate (instead of Bxf7+)}) 7... Kxf7 8.
Qd5+ {and White regains his piece, remaining a pawn ahead.}) 6. cxd4 {
White's array of pawns looks impressive, but can the centre be maintained?}
Bb4+ {Far superior to timid:  After the actual move, White must get his king
out of check, and if possible save the threatened pawn.} (6... Bb6 {
after which Black is crushed somewhat like this:} 7. d5 Nb8 8. e5 Ng8 {
both knights return home ingloriously} 9. O-O Ne7 10. d6 Ng6 11. Ng5 O-O {
Black's king is protected by three pawns and the knight; in four moves the
knight and one pawn disappear, while the remaining two pawns are pinned and
helpless.} 12. Qh5 {threatening Qxh7#} h6 13. Qxg6 {
again threatening mate - the White queen is of course taboo.} hxg5 14. Bxg5 Qe8
15. Bf6 {and White exploiting two pins, forces mate within two moves. This is
the final position of the line.}) 7. Nc3 {
White prefers this, which offers a pawn, to:} (7. Bd2 Bxd2+ 8. Nbxd2 {
when the e-pawn is protected.}) 7... O-O {"Chess is not for timid souls,"
wrote Steinitz in a letter to Bachmann. Castling early in the game is
GENERALLY sound strategy. In this case it is inappropriate, as White's centre
is formidable and must be destroyed. Black must play:} (7... Nxe4 {accepting t
he offer of a pawn, and take his chances of surviving whatever attack might
followe. It cannot be worse than this passive castling, which results in both
his knights being evicted from their fine posts. Pillsbury gave as his rule,
which hs said was absolute and vital: "Castle because you want to or because
you must, but not because you can."}) 8. d5 {Ordinarily, such moves are
suspect, as d5 should be occupied by a piece, but here the pawn dislodges the
knight and prevents Black forever from freeing his game by ... d5.} Ne7 {
As good as there is. The shift to} (8... Na5 {is countered by} 9. Bd3 {
and the knight is stranded at the side of the board.}) 9. e5 {
Now a shot at the other knight!} Ne4 {Retreating to} (9... Ne8 {
does not look attractive, so Black plays to exchange knights.}) 10. Qc2 {
Protects his own knight, which was twice attacked, and threatens the enemy's.}
Nxc3 {Practically forced, as defending the knight by} (10... f5 {allows} 11.
d6+ {and the other knight falls.}) 11. bxc3 {This recapture gains a tempo:
Black's bishop must lose a move retreating, while White's advantages multiply.
Now he enjoys an open file for his rook and an extra diagonal for his
dark-squared bishop.} Bc5 {Naturally, this offers better chances than moving
to  A comparison of the two sides' positions shows that White's is decidedly
superior. He has more pieces in play, and they have far more mobility than
Black's. He also has better prospects of bringing more pieces into the battle.
The recommended recipe now is to occupy Black with threats - keep him on the
run and give him no time to put up effective resistence.} (11... Ba5 {
the only other flight square.}) 12. Ng5 $1 {Ostensibly to scare Black by the
threat of mate; actually, the purpose is to induce a weakening advance of one
of the king's retinue of pawns. If one of these pawns does move, Black is done
for! For example} Ng6 {Ng6: The only defense! The kingside pawns remain intact,
but Black has been compelled to place his pieces where White wants them. Under
such circumstances the chances of Black putting up a good fight are not too
bright. Where must avoid Black's error of castling as a matter of routine
development. Such a quiet course owuld give Black time to play 13 . .. d6 or
13 ... h6, beating the knight back. White must not give his opponent a moment
to catch his breath. He must attack, attack, attack!} (12... f5 13. d6+ {
wins a piece, or if}) (12... g6 {then} 13. Ne4 {forces} Bb6 {when} 14. Bh6 {
drives the rook to} Re8 {and} 15. Nf6+ {wins the exchange.}) 13. h4 {Threatenin
g to move on to h5, dislodging the knight, and then mate with the queen.} h6 {
What else is there? Black tries to drive off the menacing knight. He cannot do
this by} (13... f6 {as} 14. d6+ Kh8 15. Nf7+ {wins the exchange.}) 14. d6 $1 {
A powerful stroke! Black's bishop is cut off from the defense, while a line is
opened for White's bishop. White now threatens 15. Qxg6, as the pinned f-pawn
could not capture the queen.} hxg5 {
Black might as well take whatever material he can.} 15. hxg5 $1 {The knight l
not run away (the penalty being 16. Qh7#). Meanwhile, the rook has a lovely
open file, and the queen still threatens to capture the knight.} Re8 {
The king needs more room!} 16. Qxg6 {Regaining the piece without relaxing the
pressure. White threatens one mate in one, and two mates in two.} Rxe5+ {
Black consoles himself by equalizing the material and gives one despairing
check before he yields.} 17. Kf1 {Simplest, as the mate threats are still on
tap. These was little chance that White would blunder by  Black can avoid mate
on the move by} (17. Kd2 Qxg5+ 18. Qxg5 Rxg5 {
when all the good work as gone for naught.}) 17... Qe8 {
(incidentally threatening mate himself!) only to fall into} 18. Qh7+ Kf8 19.
Qh8# 1-0

[Event "Logical Chess, Move by Move #06"]
[Site "Vienna AUT"]
[Date "1899"]
[Round "6"]
[White "Zeissl"]
[Black "Walthoffen"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "C63"]
[Annotator "Irving Chernev"]
[PlyCount "34"]
[EventDate "1899"]

1. e4 {"Always deploy," say Franklink K. Young, "so that the right oblique may
be readily established in case the objective planes remains open or becomes
permanently located on the centre or the on the king's wing, or that the
crochet aligned may readily be established if the objective plane becomes
permanently located otherwise than at the extremity of the strategic front."
If this is somewhat obscure (and I see no reason to belive otherwise) the
conclustion it reaches is stated in limpid prose by the same writer: "The best
initial move for White is 1. e4".} e5 {Black's best chance to equalize is to
get a fair share of the most important squares - those in the centre. With 1..
.e5 he stake out his claim, meanwhile freeing two of his pieces.} 2. Nf3 {
You may play this confidently , secure in the knowledge that no master alive
can make a better move. *The knight develops in one move to its most suitable
square in the opening *It exerts pressure on two of the four squares in the
vital central area. *It comes in toward the centre so that it enjoys maximum
mobility. *It helps clear the kingside, enabling early castling of the king on
that side. *It is posted ideally for the defence of the king after he castles.
*It comes into play with a gain of time - an attack on a pawn!. In short, it's
a very goodmove!} Nc6 {A commendable reply: Black develops a piece, protecting
his pawn at the same time.} 3. Bb5 {Probably the strongest move on the board.
The bishop puts a restraining hand on the pawn's defender. There is no
immediate threat of winning the pawn as after: Bxc6 dxc6 5 Nxe5, the reply 5...
Qd4 regains the pawn. But there is pressure on the knight, and this pressure
becomes intesnified when Black sooner or later advances his d-pawn since the
knight is then pinned.} f5 {A bold attempt to seize the initiative. The idea
is to lure White into surrendering the centre by taking the f-pawn.} 4. d4 {
An aggressive player would like White's counterattack on the e-pawn. Another
dynamic lineis} (4. Nc3 {
aiming for piece-play, while a conservative player might be content with}) (4.
d3 {supporting the e-pawn so that in the event of an exchange on e4 he would
retain a pawn in the centre.}) 4... fxe4 {
Black's capture is intended mainly to evict the knight from its strong post.}
5. Nxe5 {Apparently a strong move. White gets his pawn back and prevents 5...
d6 or 5...d5. After either of these moves, the continuation 6. Nxc6 bxc6 7
Bxc6+ wins the exchange. White also has a powerful threat in 6. Bxc6 dxc6 7
Qh5+ Ke7 8 Qf7+ Kd6 9 Nc4#. This is all very tempting, since the possibility
of mating so early in the game is attractive to the young player, buch such
ambition should be suppressed. Premature mating attacks are usually repulsed
with loss of time or material to the aggressor. A safer continuation is} (5.
Bxc6 dxc6 6. Nxe5) 5... Nxe5 {Black removes the best defender of White's
kinside position and puts an end to any combinative notions White might have
entertained.} 6. dxe5 {White has nothing to show for the over-energetic move
d4.  The simple and natural development of the b1-knight by 4 Nc3 would have
been preferable.} c6 {A pawn move when pieces should be brought into play? 
Yes, if the move is justified by the particular position.  Black has four good
arguments for the pawn push:  1) He must drive off the bishop before he can
advance his d-pawn (otherwise the king is in check).  2) The time lost in
moving the pawn is compensated for by the fact that the bishop must also lose
a move in retreating.  3) He opens a fine diagonal for his queen.  4) The
attack on the bishop will win a pawn, and "A pawn is worth a little trouble,"
according to Steinitz.} 7. Bc4 {Ordinarily, this is an excellent place for the
bishop, but e2 is more consistent with the requirements of the position. 
White has lost the services of his king's  knight, and the bishop might help
the defence of the kingside.} Qa5+ {Double attack on king and e5-pawn.} 8. Nc3
{The best way to get out of check.  White places the b1-knight where it
belongs in the opening.} Qxe5 {Black has won a pawn, which is a good start
toward winning the game.  His aim now is to get an attack rolling in the
direction of White's de-nuded kingside.} 9. O-O {Plausible - and bad!  It was
more discreet to conceal his intentions, develop the queenside pieces, and
castle later, perhaps on the queenside.} d5 $1 {Of course!  Black seizes the
centre, chases off the enemy bishop, and enables his own c8-bishop to make an
appearance.  All this in one move!} 10. Bb3 {Here too the defensive move} (10.
Be2 {placing the bishop where he overlooks two diagonals, is preferable.})
10... Nf6 {
Organizing a kingside attack by simple process - developing the pieces!} 11.
Be3 {Partly to prevent Black from playing 11...Bc5, partly to dislodge the
centralized queen by 12 Bd4 or 12 Qd4} Bd6 $1 {This fine move has more
significance than the mere development of a piece combined with a mating
threat.  The ulterior object is to create a PERMANENT IRREMEDIABLE WEAKNESS in
White's kingside position by forcing one of the defending pawns to make a move.
} 12. g3 {The only possible defence.  If instead} (12. f4 {then} exf3 13. Qxf3
Qxh2+ 14. Kf2 Bg4 {and Black wins.}) {After the text move, Black starts an
attack, but using his pieces rather than trying to break into the position by
the pawn assault 12...h5 followed by h4.} 12... Bg4 $1 {Black bases his attack
on the theme of PENETRATION.  White has weakened the f3- and h3-squares by 12
g3, as these squares are no longer guarded by the g-pawn.  These squares are
now 'holes', as Steinitz first named them.  Enemy pieces that settle
themselves on these squares stand firm, as NO PAWNS CAN EVER DRIVE THEM AWAY. 
The bishop attacks the queen, with the object of insinuating itself into f3
without loss of time.} 13. Qd2 {As good as there is.  If White interposes} (13.
Ne2 {instead, then} Qh5 {attacking the knight once more, forces} 14. Re1 {
whereupon} Qh3 {plants a piece in one hole.  Blacks following move is} 15. a3
Bf3 {occupying the other hole, and the stage is set for mate at g2.}) 13... Bf3
{The second step in the process of penetration.} 14. Bf4 {Hoping for a line
such as 14...Qe7 15 Bxd6 Qxd6 16 Qf4, when an exchange or two might ease his
difficulties.  After White's fourteenth move, Black has a forced mate in a few
moves.} Qf5 {Deserts the bishop, but Black is interested only in getting the
queen to h3, with a death grip on the light squares.} 15. Nd1 {The only possibl
e chance to defend.  The knight is to be brought to e3 to guard the g2-square,
where mate impends.} Qh3 {Threatening instant mate.} 16. Ne3 {
Defending the critical square.} Ng4 {The new threat is mate at h2.  Notice the
clever use of the weakened light squares on the kingside as the black pieces
infiltrate the enemy position.} 17. Rfe1 {Room for the king.} Qxh2+ {
And mate comes next move.} 0-1

[Event "Logical Chess, Move by Move #07"]
[Site "Vienna AUT"]
[Date "1926"]
[Round "7"]
[White "Spielmann"]
[Black "Wahle"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "C01"]
[Annotator "Irving Chernev"]
[PlyCount "33"]
[EventDate "1926"]

1. e4 {This move accomplishes a great deal. A pawn is fixed in the center of
the board. The pawn exerts a grip on d5 and f5, and keeps Black's pieces from
settling on those squares. White's queen and bishop immediately have breathing
space.} e6 {With several objects in view: One, to prevent White from dictating
the opening. After the conventional reply 1... e5 White can play the Ruy Lopez,
the Giuco Piano, the Scotch, the Vienna Game or a dangerous gambit of some
sort. Another is that Black's cramped position may tempt White into a
disastrous premature attack. A third is that the pawn at e6 supports an
advance by 2...d5, an attack on the e-pawn which might wrest the initiative.
The French Defense is not to be underestimated. It conceals a great deal of
dynamic energy behind a modest facade.} 2. d4 {It is worthwhile to establish
one pawn in the center, then keeping two pawns there should double the
benefits.} d5 {Black gives his queen more scope and challenges the center.} 3.
Nc3 {Clearly an excellent response, as the knight develops to its proper
square, protects the e-pawn, and bears down on d5} Nf6 {Black in turn brings
his own knight to its strongest position with gain of time - a further attack
on the e4-pawn.} 4. exd5 {Many players prefer to add to the pressure by} (4.
Bg5 {which develops a piece and renders one of the enemy's impotent, rather
than exchange pawns, which relaxes the tension. Spielmann, who likes wide-open
positions, clears away a couple of pawns to give his pieces more room for
their activities. Which move is better? Which should you play? The answer is:
play the move that you like, the one that best suits your style and
temperament. If you are a careful, cautious player who knows the full value of
a pawn - that each one is a potential queen, and that the loss of a pawn may
be the loss of the game - stick to Bg5 and the openings of positional chess,
the Ruy Lopez, the Queen's Pawn openings, the Reti and the English. On the
other hand, if you prefer daring, adventurous chess, and a pawn is simply a
barrier to the sweeping onrush of an attack by your pieces, play openings
which allow scope for your imagination, the Evans, Danish, King's and other
gambits. The best openings to play are the ones you are most at home in.}) 4...
exd5 {Better than taking with the knight. Black keeps a pawn in the center and
frees his c8-bishop.} 5. Bg5 {White pins the knight and threatens to break up
Black's game by Bxf6 gxf6 (6 ... Qxf6 loses the d5-pawn), when Black is left
with a weak doubled pawn.} Be7 {The simplest way of unpinning the knight. 
Moving the bishop only one square ma not seem like much of a move, but it
complies with the first law of rapind development: Get your pieces off the
back rank!} 6. Bd3 {
This bishop's stand is aggressive, especially against kingside castling.} Nc6 {
This knight's debut is even more menacing, as it threatens to take the d-pawn.}
7. Nge2 {After the customary development 7. Nf3, Black pins the knight by 7 ...
Bg4 and again threatens the d-pawn.  White could save the pawn, for instance
by 8. Be2, but would lose the initiative.    After the text-move, if Black
pins the knight by 7...Bg4, 8. f3 repels the bishop and causes it to lose time
retreating.} Nb4 {Intending to get rid of a dangerous enemy piece and also to
assure himself of a little advantge in keeping both his bishops.} 8. Ng3 {
Now we see another reason for developing the knight to e2.  White wants to
anchor a piece at f5, a dominating position for a knight or a bishop.  A piece
need do no more than just stand there and look menacing to rattle the opponent.
} Nxd3+ {Mission accomplished.  Black has a slight technical superiority in
retaining two long-range bishops against White's knight and bishop, but ...} 9.
Qxd3 {... at the cost of a loss of time.  Black has made three moves with the
knight to exchange it for a bishop that only moved once.  More than that, his
knight came off the board completely, while the bishop left a piece in its
place.  The result is that White has four active pieces in play against
Black's.  White is also prepared to castle on either side and mobilize both
rooks quickly.  Whatever advantage exists is therefore White's} g6 {This pawn m
ove prevents White from placing his knight at f5, but it creates an organic
weakness in Black's position, one that is irremediable.  The squares f6 and h6,
no longer guarded guarded by the pawn, are weak and remain so permantly.   
Notice that the pawn was induced but not forced to move forward.  The mere
threat of an inroad by the knight was enough to influence Black to make a
natural preventive move.  It is the sort of move nine out of ten players make
automatically in similiar situations, which is why it is important to know how
to exploit its defects, for no move is weak unless proper advantage is taken
of its flaws.} 10. O-O {No violence, please, until the reserves have been
brought up.  Blackburne used to say, "Never start an attack until your queen's
rook is developed.    White secures the safety of his king and gets one rook
out of hiding.} c6 {
Strengthens Black's pawn-centre and opens another avenue for his queen.} 11.
Rae1 {White seizes the only open file (since rooks belong on open files or on
files likely to be opened) and pins the bishop.    It is worth noting that a
pinned piece not only is unable to move but is also powerless to capture.  It
does not protect any other pieces, since it is completely paralysed.  Hence,
it follows that not only is the bishop immobilized and in danger of its life
(as it may be attacked again and again) but the knight that depens on it for
protection is no longer secure.  Briefly, Black is now threatened with loss of
a piece by 12. Bxf6.} O-O {The king takes refuge in flight, incidentally
unpinning the bishop and preserving his knight.    Spielmann's strategy to
this point and the decisive combination that follows would have pleased Lasker,
who once said, "In the beginning of the game ignore the search for
combinations, abstain from violent moves.  Aim for small advantages,
accumulate them, and only after having attained these ends search for the
combination - and then with all the power of will and intellect, because then
the combination must exists, however deeply hidden."    A glance shows that
White has achieved the requisite positional superiority.  If there is a
combination to be evolved, it must be now, before Black has time to reorganize
his pieces for defence.  Now, while he has five pieces actively in play
against two of Black's.  Now, while he has an open file - enough!  enough! 
The combination must be there!    Here is White's line of reasoning:   
Black's advance of the g-pawn has deprived the knight of stable support.  It
is still guarded by two piecs, but if the bishop were not there it would be
defended only once.  In fact, if the bishop were not there, the knight would
be pinned and subject to an enduring attack.  The bishop appears in both
equations.  Obviously the bishop is the culprit, and it must be destroyed! 
And at once, before Black has time for 12 ... Be6!} 12. Rxe7 {"When we know
about the inspiring ideas, how simple the sacrifices appear!" says
Znosko-Borovsky.} Qxe7 {Black must recapture, leaving the knight pinned and a
fine target for further attack.} 13. Qf3 {
Putting pressure on the pinned piece, and threatening to take the knight.} Kg7
{The King comes to the rescue of the knight.  Against the alternative defence
13... Bf5 Spielmann had this pretty continuation: 14 Nxf5 gxf5 15. Qg3
(threatening mate on the move by 16 Bxf6#) 15. ...Kg7 (or 15...Kh8 16 Qh4 Kg7
17 Kh6+ Kg8 18 Bxf6 and White wins. ) 16 Bxf6++ Kxf6 17 Qh4+ Ke6 18 Re1+ Kd7
19 Qxe7+ and all Black's pieces come off.} 14. Nce4 {White must keep hammering
at the pinned knight, not matter how many brilliant moves he has to find! 
Again, White's immediate threat is simple: 15 Bxf6+, winning instantaneously.}
dxe4 {Black must take this knight or lose his own.} 15. Nxe4 {Three pieces now
attack the helpless knight.  "Chess is not for the kind-hearted," says the
French proverb.    White now threatens 16 Bxf6+ followed by 17 Bxe7} Qe6 {
On 15...Qxe4 White has the pleasant choice of winning the queen by 16 Bxf6+
(removing the protector of the queen), followed by 17 Qxe4, or forcing mate by
16 Qxf6+ Kg8 17 Bh6 followed by 18 Qg7#    In the last line of play, notice
how White screws his pieces firmly into the two holes in Black's position, f6
and h6, the squares no longer guarded by the g-pawn after its advance.    With
his last move, Black saves the queen.  He is still ahead in material but has
lost the game, as White's pieces will insinuate themselves along the dark
squares to get at the king.} 16. Bxf6+ {
White regains a pieces and limits Black's king to two moves} Kg8 {
If 16 ...Kh6, then 17 Qf4+ and mate next move} 17. Qf4 {Threatening a final
invasion at h6 followed by mate at g7 - triumph on the dark squares.    Black,
powerless to prevent mate, resigns.} 1-0

[Event "Logical Chess, Move by Move #08"]
[Site "Budapest HUN"]
[Date "1929"]
[Round "8"]
[White "Przepiorka"]
[Black "Prokes"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "D05"]
[Annotator "Irving Chernev"]
[PlyCount "47"]
[EventDate "1929"]

1. d4 {One reason for the popularity of queen's pawn openings is that from the
very first move they present problems for the defender. There is no method by
which Black can seize the initiative or even equalize in a hurry. Despite its
inherently positional nature, the queen's pawn appeals tremendously to
attacking players and has always been a favourite weapon of such aggressive
spirits as Alekhine, Keres, Pillsbury, Bogoljubow, Spielmann and Colle.} Nf6 {
Brings a piece into play where it has an influence on the centre. The knight
moves prevents White from continuing with 2. e4 A master moves his knight to
f6 as instinctively as he breathes.} 2. Nf3 {The knight develops toward the
centre, where he has the greatest freedom of action and the widest scope for
his activities. The knight possesses the peculiar property of being able to
attack any other piece (except another knight) without being under attack in
return. This attribute makes it a fascinating piece to manoeuvre about the
board. Combinations involving play with the knights often have a ballet-like
quality to them.} e6 {
Black can avoid the general attack of the Colle by playing} (2... d5 {
ready to reply to} 3. e3 {with} Bf5 {. Then} 4. Bd3 Bxd3 {exchanges the
bishops and Black rids himself of White's most dangerous attacking piece (in
this form of the opening) With his actual move, Black releases his f8-bishop
and does not commit himself to any specific line of defence.}) 3. e3 {
Indicating his design: obviously White is preparing the typical Colleformation 
of bishop at d3 and knight at d2, to control the key e4-square, a jumping-off
point for the pieces in this attack.} d5 {Black plants a pawn firmly in the
centre but this move, in combination with 2...e6, does block in the c8-bishop.}
4. Bd3 {White begins the concentration of pressure on e4, essential in the
Colle.  Generally speaking, it is a good plan to mobilize the pieces on the
kingside first, to enable early castling on that side.} c5 {This move is
almost indispensiable in queen's pawn openings.  It is important not to play} (
4... Nc6 {first, as Black's c-pawn must not be obstructed.    Black's move
strikes at the centre and establishes a state of tension in that area.}) 5. c3
{White reinforces the d-pawn.  In the event of 5...cxd4, White can recapture
eith the e-pawn and open the diagonal for the c1-bishop.    It may seem that
White's last move denies the b1-knight his best square, but in this form of
attack the knight belongs at d2.} Nbd7 {This is probably superior to placing
the knight at c6.  At d7, the knights are in touch with each other, so that if
the f6-knight is exchanged the other can get to f6, an ideal square for attack
or defence.  At d7, the knight keeps clear of the c-file.  The more open the
file is, the more useful will it be for the queen or rook that occupies it. 
Finally, should White play 6 dxc5, the knight can recapture and come strongly
into the game.    In queen's pawn openings, Black's queen's knight often does
a better job at d7 than at c6.} 6. Nbd2 {Intensifying the pressure on e4.  To
the uninitiated, White's development has an awkward look.  The pieces seem to
be in each other's way, but as will be seen they can spring into action
smoothly and easily.} Bd6 {
More energetic than 6...Be7, when the bishop is limited to defensive duties.}
7. O-O {White secures the safety of his king before starting any decisive
action.  It is dangerous to open up the position and leave the king in the
centre where it is exposed to a possible counterattack.    White's castling is
aggressive in character as the king's rook plays an important role in the
coming attack.} O-O {Black's castling is a defensive measure.  But why give
the king's permanent address when White has revealed that he is preparing an
assault on the kingside?  It would be better strategy to keep the opponent in
the dark - delay castling for a while and continue developing the pieces
(which surely can do no harm).  Black might bring his queen to c7, with a view
to an early ...e5, and then fianchetto his c8-bishop (...b6, followed by ...
Bb7).} 8. Re1 {Still more pressure on e4!  The rook gets a grip on the e-file;
it is closed now but will be opened after White plays e4 and pawns are
exchanged.} Qc7 {An ideal location for the queen.  From c7 the queen bears
down on the centre, especially e5, and exerts great pressure on the c-file.} 9.
e4 {The key move in the Colle!  With this move, White intends to blast the
position wide open and release all the stored-up energy of his pieces in a
searing attack.    The immediate threat is 10 e5, a simple, brutal attack on
two pieces.} cxd4 {As compensation for being on the defensive, Black controls
the open c-file - temporarily.} 10. cxd4 {Better than taking with the knight,
which lets Black place pieces on e5 and c5.    White meanwhile renews the
threat of winning a piece by 11 e5.} dxe4 {Black parries the threat and
saddles White with an isolated d-pawn.  Such a pawn is especially vulnerable
to attacks as it cannot be protected by another pawn, the nearest one being a
couple of files away.} 11. Nxe4 {Certainly not 11 Bxe4 because 11...Kxe4 would
be the response, and White loses the services of his valuable light-squared
bishop.  "As Rousseau could not compose without his cat beside him, so I
without my king's bishop cannot play chess," says Tarrasch.  "In its absence
the game to me is lifeless and cold.  The vitalizing factor is missing, and I
can devise no plan of attack."} b6 {Intending to mobilize his c8-bishop. 
Somewhat more to the point was 11...Bf4 restraining one of White's menacing
bishops.} 12. Bg5 {The bishop joins the attack, and vacates the c1-square. 
The a1-rook will swing there, drive the queen off and assume complete control
of a beautiful open file.} Nxe4 {Apparently Black was afraid to play} (12...
Bb7 {as the continuation} 13. Nxf6+ Nxf6 14. Bxf6 gxf6 {
breaks up his kingside pawn position.}) 13. Rxe4 {Superior to the natural} (13.
Bxe4 {when Black might reply} Bb7 {forcing} 14. Bd3 {
(to avoid exchanging bishops).  Then he would continue} Bxf3 15. Qxf3 Bxh2+ {
consoling himself a pawn for his troubles.}) 13... Bb7 {There is hardly
anything better than this, which offers the bishop a long daigonal.  If for
example Black plays} (13... Nf6 {then} 14. Rh4 {
is hard to meet.  THen the threat of winning a pawn by} -- 15. Bxf6 gxf6 16.
Bxh7+ {
could not be parried by 14...h4 as 15 Bxf6 gxf6 16 Rxh6 still wins a pawn.})
14. Rc1 {A fine 'in-between' move!  The rook is developed effectively on the
open file, while the queen is banished to the first rank.  There she
interferes with the a9-rook, preventing its development for a long time -
forever as it turns out!} Qb8 {There is nothing else as} (14... Bxe4 15. Rxc7
Bxf3 16. Qxf3 Bxc7 17. Qc6 {wins a piece for White.}) 15. Rh4 {The point! 
White's threat of 16 Bxh7+ forces one of the pawns in front of the king to
move forward.  White gets an advantage, no matter which pawn advances as: 
Every pawn move loosens the defending structure.  Every undefended square
(occasioned by such an advantag) creates a weakness in the position.} g6 {
If Black tries defending the h-pawn by} (15... Nf6 {then} 16. Bxf6 gxf6 17.
Bxh7+ {wins the pawn just the same.}) ({Ore if Black advances the h-pawn by} 
15... h6 {then} 16. Bxh6 gxh6 17. Rxh6 {is an obvious sacrificial combination
which shatters the cordon of pawns and exposes the king to a mating attack.}) {
After the text-move, White has accomplished what he set out to do: he has
forced the advance of the g-pawn.  But how does he exploit the resulting
weakness?  Is there an attack against the pawn?  Apparently there isn't, as in
order to strike at it with the h-pawn, he must move the rook out of the way,
and then play h4 and h5, a process which takes time and achives little.   
What other line is there?  Sacrafice a piece for the g-pawn?  Obvoiusly this
is useless, as White still does not break through.    But the pawn did advance,
and there is a weakness somewhere.  We know this fact to be true, and in this
fact there must be the clue to the winning combination.    The pawn's advance
weakened the squares h6 and f6, as they are not longer guarded by the pawn. 
This means that White must try to get control of these squares, either seize
and occupy them with his piecs, or use them as a means of penetrating into the
enemy camp.    But wait!  Doesn't Black's knight still guard the f-square? 
Indeed it does, and this knowledge provides us with the information we need. 
The knight is the guardian of the dark squares, and the knight must be
destroyed.} 16. Bb5 {
Attacks the knight, which strangely enough has no place to escape to!} Qe8 {
What other way is there to protect the knight? If} (16... Bc8 {then} 17. Bc6 {
wins the exchange. If}) (16... Bxf3 17. Qxf3 Qe8 {then} 18. Qb7 {wins a piece})
{After the actual move, the knight is pinned and a good target for further
attack.} 17. Ne5 {In chess you may hit a man when he's down.} Bc8 {No better is
} (17... Bxe5 18. dxe5 {(uncovering the queen's attack on the knight)} Bc8 {
(or Bd5)} 19. Rc7 {when the miserable creature must perish.}) 18. Rxc8 {
Taking the props out from under the knight!  The technique is simple: if you
cannot increase the pressure on a piece, see if you can dispose of one of its
defenders.} Qxc8 {Certainly not} (18... Rxc8 {when} 19. Bxd7 {
wins two pieces for a rook, and then corners the queen!}) 19. Bxd7 {
White has two pieces for the rook - and the attack!} Qc7 {Not} (19... Qb7 {or})
(19... Qb8 {as} 20. Bc6 {wins the exchange.  The alternative was 19...Qa6, but
Black hopes for some counterplay on the c-file.}) 20. Ng4 {The first step
toward exploiting the weak dark squares brings with it a threat of mate by 21
Nf6+ Kh8 (21 ...Kh7 is the same) 22. Rxh7#} h5 {
The king needs lots of room.  The freeing attempt by} (20... f5 {loses to} 21.
Bxe6+ Kh8 (21... Kg7 22. Bh6+ {wins the exchange}) 22. Nf6 {
and resistence is hopeless.}) 21. Nf6+ {The knight comes in on one of the
critical dark squares to strike the first blow.} Kg7 {If} (21... Kh8 {then} 22.
Rxh5+ {forces a quick mate}) 22. Nxh5+ {
Sacrificing the knight to sweep away the pawns shielding the enemy king.} gxh5
{Black must take the knight, because White mates after} (22... Kg8 {(or Kh7)}
23. Nf6+ Kg7 24. Rh7#) 23. Qxh5 {
The queen's first move threatens two immediate mates on the h-file.} Rh8 {
The only move to stop mate temporarily.} 24. Bh6+ {Appropriately enough, Whate
administers the coup de grace on the second critical dark square.    Mate
follows in two moves.} 1-0

[Event "Logigal Chess, Move by Move #09"]
[Site "Weston-Super-Mare ENG"]
[Date "1924"]
[Round "9"]
[White "Znosko-Borovsky"]
[Black "Mackenzie"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "C90"]
[Annotator "Irving Chernev"]
[PlyCount "59"]
[EventDate "1924"]

1. e4 {The first move occupies the centre with a pawn and frees four squares
for the queen and five for the f1 bishop. One of the reasons many players
prefer 1 e4 to any other opening move is that it gets the kingside pieces
rolling quickly, enabling early castling on that side.} e5 {In the old days
this was almost compulsory. It indicated that you were willing to stand
toe-to-toe and slug it out. Only a coward would avoid 1...e5 and a possible
gambit by White. Objectively considered, the textmove is perhaps Black's
strongest response. It challenges possession of the centre and prevents White
from monopolizing it by continuing 2 d4.} 2. Nf3 {What happens if White
persists and plays The text move is far more effective than random development
of the knight, for instance at h3, where it is out of touch with affairs in
the centre or at e2 where it blocks all traffic.} (2. d4 {The reply} exd4 {
leads to} 3. Qxd4 Nc6 4. Qe3 Nf6 {when Black has two pieces in play to one of
White's. This amounts to taking the initiative away from White early in the
game.}) 2... Nc6 {The logical way to meet the attack on the pawn; a minor
piece develops toward the centre and defends the pawn. The general plan of
mobilization is to establish a pawn in the centre, develop the minor pieces
(the knights before bishops, whenever feasible), then castle to get the rooks
to the centre files, and finally bring the queen out - but not too far from
home. Premature development of the queen is dangerous, as it is subject to
annoying attacks by pawns and minor pieces.} 3. Bb5 {The most nat ural move on
the board: White strikes at the defender of the pawn he attacks. It is true
that he cannot win the pawn at once, as after 4 Bxc6 dxc6 5 Nxe5 Qd4 Black
regains the pawn, but the pressure on Black is constant, and the threat is
always in the air. The Ruy Lopez is probably the strongest of all kingside
openings. White has more to say in the centre, since he will be able to play
d4 without much trouble, while Black will find it difficult to achieve ... d5.
White's pieces have more room to move around in, while Black's game is
considerably cramped in many variations.} a6 {This can be like the story "The
House that Jack Built": the pawn attacks the bishop that attacks the knight
that defends the pawn that the knight attacks. Black's purpose is to dislodge
the bishop from its favourable position. The loss of time involved in moving a
pawn is compensated for by the fact that the threatened bishop must also lost
a move in retreating.} 4. Ba4 {This is in the spirit of the opening at it
maintains pressure on the knight. The alternative withdrawl to c4 is inferior,
as the same position could have arisen after the move 3 Bc4, except that here
Black has the additional move ... a6, which can only be to his benefit.} Nf6 {
Black develops a piece, attacks a pawn and prepares early kingside castling.
More could hardly be expected of one move.} 5. O-O {White brings his king to
safety and swings the rook over toward the centre files.} Be7 {A favourite
continuation with many players is The text leads to a more blocked position,
difficult to break through, but requires patience on Black's part. The
bishop's development at e7 is satisfactory even though it has moved only one
square away from home. The important things is that it has left the back rank
and facilitated castling.} (5... Nxe4 {not with the idea of winning the pawn,
as White regains it easily, but in order to obtain a free, open game. The
danger in this line is that it leaves Black's position in the centre
somewhatinsecure}) 6. Re1 {White brings his rook toward the centre. In lieu of
an open file, the rook prepares to take command of a file liable to be opened.
In guarding his own e-pawn, White renews the threat of 7 Bxc6 dxc6 8 Nxe5
winning a pawn. The rook's move is preferable to developing the b1-knight to
c3. White may wnat to provide a retreat for his bishop by c3, guarding it
against an exchange.} b5 {Black meets the threat by forcing the bishop back.}
7. Bb3 {Obviously the only move} d6 {Black protect the e-pawn, releases the
c8-bishop and prepares 8...Na5 to remove the troublesome enemy bishop. At
first glance it seems illogical to give one bishop freedom while hemming in
the other, but since the dark-squared bishop does a good job at e7, it remains
for the light-squared bishop to go out into the world.} 8. c3 {With two objects
: 1) To provide refuge for the bishop against an attempt to remove it by ...
Na5. and 2) To support an advance of the d-pawn, establishing a strong pawn
center.} Na5 {Not so much to strike at the bishop as to make way for 9...c5 to
dispute control of the central squares. In this line of the Lopez, Black's
best counter-chances lie in action on the queenside.} 9. Bc2 {Naturally White
wants to keep both bishops. He loses tempo, but it is offset by Black's
posting of a knight at the side of the board.} c5 {Black intensifies his
pressure on the central square d4 and provides en egress (as the old books
used to say) for the queen.} 10. d4 {One of the chief objectives in the king's
pawn openings is to advance the d-pawn to the center as soon as circumstances
permit, just as it is desirable to get the e-pawn to e4 when there is an
opportunity to do so. White again threatens to win the e-pawn by the double
attack on it.} Qc7 {Black gives his pawn further support and develops his
queen at the same time. It would not do to exchange by} (10... exd4 11. cxd4
cxd4 12. Nxd4 {as it surrenders the center and leaves Black with an isolated
center pawn. "An isolated center pawn," says Tartakower, "casts gloom over the
entire chessboard." White would benefit too in that his knight, standing
firmly in the center of the board, could not be dislodged by unfriendly pawns.}
) 11. h3 {To prevent the pin ...Bg4, which might embarrass the knight and the
piece it shields, the queen. Both pieces are needed for the protection of the
d-pawn and the maintenance of the pawn formation in the center. An exchange of
the white knight by ...Bxf3, and the recapture by the queen, removes at one
stroke two supports of the d-pawn. Is White violating principle in moving one
of the pawns near his king? Maybe, but one must know when to slight
conventions as well as observe them. In this particular situation it is
important to prevent an attack on the knight, its subsequent exchange and the
break-up of White's pawns in the center. The move of the h-pawn is weakening,
but a lesser evil than would result from permitting the pin. But wait a
moment! Is it a weakening move if Black is unable to benefit by it? Is it
detrimental to the position if Black cannot exploit it by a kingside attack?
The answer is no! A move is weak only if the opponent cant turn its
imperfections to his advantage. The entire position is strong or weak only in
relation to the position of the opponent. In this case, the move of the h-pawn
is expedient as it conforms to the requirements of the specific situation.} Nc6
{The knight returns and adds weight to the pressure on the d-pawn. Black
threatens a series of exchanges by 12...exd4 13. cxd4 cxd4, resulting in the
gain of a pawn, as the further sequence 14. Nxd4? Nxd4 15. Qxd4 Qxc2 would
cosst White a piece. Black hopes to tempt White into playing 12. d5 to meet
this threat. This looks good, as it would evict the c6-knight from a good post,
but it has the drawback (for White) of releasing the tension in the center, as
well as making d5 unavailable for the use of his pieces.} 12. Be3 {
White is in no hurry. He brings aid to the d-pawn by developing another piece.}
O-O {
Removing the king to safer quarters and pressing the rook into active service.}
13. Nbd2 {This knight has been developed where he has little mobility and
seems to have no future to speak of, but it is the first step that counts.
Little as this is, its consequence is worth emphasizing: The knight's move
clears the first rank and enables the major pieces (the queen and rooks) to
get in touch with each other. GET YOUR PIECES OFF THE BACK RANK and INTO
ACTIVE PLAY!} Bd7 {Black does likewise: his bishop vacates the back row to let
the rooks come to the center files. The rooks are powerful pieces and must not
be shut in.} 14. Rc1 {In the early stages of the game, the rooks may not do
much but they must be ready to action when it comes. This they do by placing
themselves at the head of open files. If none are available, then they should
work on partly open files. If none of those exist, the rooks should still be
brough toward the center, as those files are most likely to be opened. But in
any case, GET THE ROOKS OUT OF THE CORNERS.} Ne8 {Planning to advance the
f-pawn. This pawn will disputre the center with White's e-pawn while opening
the f-file for the rook.} 15. Nf1 {The knight retreats to gain momentum for a
leap to g3 and then to f5, a beautiful outpost.} g6 {Not only to keep the
knight out but also to support 16...f5, a thrust at the center. The advance of
the g-pawn weakens the squares f6 and h6, as they are no longer guarded by the
pawn. This may strike the average player as an interesting but perhaps
insignificant point, but recognizing a weakness and knowing how to take
advantage of it marks the master player. Good players do not win games by
waiting for you to make monumental mistakes. They don't expect you to leave
pieces en prise.} 16. Bh6 {
White immediately anchors a piece on one of the vulnerable kingside squares.}
Ng7 {The only move to prevent loss of the exchanges by 17 Bxf8.} 17. Ne3 {
The knight comes back into the game by a slightly different route than was
planner earlier. Not only does it add to the pressure on d5 but it also
threatens to settle down powerfully on that square.} Rae8 {Black could not
stop the knight coming in by 17 .. Be6, as 18 d5 in reply wins a piece. He
also abandons the contemplated break by 17...f5, as it opens the position, and
open lines favor the player whose development is superior and who is better
equipped ot use these lines in an attack. With his actual move, Black tries to
keep a tightly knit defensive position, one that is difficult to break through.
} 18. Nd5 {A very fine move! whose object is more profound than the obvious
one of fixing a piece on a strong central square.} Qb7 {
The queen must flee from the knight's attack.} 19. Nxe7+ {This is the point!
The knight gives up his good position for a worthy cause. It is important, in
order to capitalize on the weakness of the dark square f6, to remove the
guardian of this square, the dark-squared bishop on e7. With this bishop out
of the way the weakness is accentuated and White can then consider some means
of invading, and then fastening a piece, on the critical square.} Rxe7 {
This is forced as} (19... Nxe7 20. dxe5 dxe5 21. Nxe5 {costs a pawn.}) 20. dxc5
{The purpose of this exchange is to open a nice long file for the queen.} dxc5
{Black must recapture or lose a pawn.} 21. Qd6 {Beautiful exploitation of the
open d-file! The attack on the c-pawn gains a tempo toward the queen's entry
at f6.} c4 {Black must lose a move in saving this pawn.} 22. Qf6 {With this mov
e, which incidentally threatens instant mate, White fastens another piece in
the holes in Black's position created by the move ...g6. White's advantage is
decisive and the winning procedure should be what the books call 'a matter of
technique'.  The process of realizing his advantage is an interesting one.} Nh5
{Black stops the mate and attempts to drive the queen away.} 23. Qh4 {
It would be a mistake to play Qg5 as Black, instead of moving his threatened
rook on f8, would first play 23...f6, banishing the queen completely from his
premises.} Ng7 {The knight blocks the bishop's attack on the rook and is
prepared to counter 24. Qf6 by 24...Nh5, repeating the device of harassing the
enemy queen.    How does White continue, to force a win?} 24. Be3 {By rearrangi
ng the pieces and bringing up the reserves!  This first move in the new
formation gains time by the threat of 25. Bc5 winning the exchange.} Ne6 {
The only way to prevent 25 Bc5, after which White completely dominates the
dark squares.} 25. Qf6 {Once more into the breach!  Black cannot save the game
by repeating moves, since after 25...Ng7 26 Bc5 Re6 (or 26...Nh5 27 Qh4, and
White wins the exchange) 27 Qh4 Rfe8 28 Ng5 the threat of mate will win the
rook at e6.} Qc7 {Black must hang on to the valuable e-pawn.} (25... Ng7 26.
Bc5 Re6 27. Qh4 Rfe8 28. Ng5) 26. Bh6 {Once again White has his ideal position,
with pieces firmly planted in the holes near Black's king.  It will be hard
for Black to chase them off as he does not ahve the earlier resource of ...Nh5.
} Rc8 {The rook must fleed the bishop's attack.  Interposing the knight
instead is of course a blunder as mate follows instantaneously.} 27. Rcd1 {
Before proceeding to the final attack, White gets a stronger grip on the
position by seizing the open d-file.  The next step (since Black must wait
helplessly) is 28 Rd5, attacking the e-pawn a third time and threatening to
double rooks on the file.  This ought to be enough to beat down resistence if
no quicker win is available.    Note that White had not embarked on dubious
long-range combinations.  His plan, in most cases aimed at increasing his
positional superiority, is made FOR A FEW MOVES ONLY.  Don't believe all those
stories you hear of chess masters analysing intricate combinations with dozens
of variations for thirty moves ahead.  They don't do this because they don't
have to!  It is far easier and more to the point to look only a few moves
ahead and try to maintain at least an equal games at every stage.  Winning my
acumulating small advantages is more consistent with a common-sense approach
than to seek to overwhelm the opponent with bewildering combinations and
venturesome sacrificial attacks.  Strengthening one's own position gradually
while undermining that of the opponent is more important than indulging in
fruitless speculative fancies.} Ree8 {Black's idea is to reduce the pressure
by offering an exchange of queens.  White will then either have to acquiesce
to the exchange, or withdraw his queen.} 28. Nh2 {A very fine move!  The
knight, which seemed well posted at f3, is re-routed to augment the pressure
on the dark squares.} Qd8 {
Continuing the plan of evicting White's queen from his camp.} 29. Ng4 {
White supports his queen and is ready, in the event of an exchange of queens,
to maintain a tight grip on the dark squares.  If Black plays 29...Qxf6, then
30 Nxf6+ Kh8 31 Rxd7 wins a piece for White.} Qe7 {This does not help, but
there is no way to save the game: if 29...Re7, then 30 Be3 (threatening 31
Nh6+ Kf8 32 Qh8#) 30...Re8 31 Nh6+ Kf8 32 Qxf7#.} (29... Qxf6 30. Nxf6+ Kh8 31.
Rxd7) (29... Re7 30. Be3 Re8 31. Nh6+ Kf8 32. Qxf7#) 30. Qxe7 {The simplest. 
If no mate is in sight, the modern master dispenses with the fireworks. 
Dawdling is for dilettantes, so he simplifies and cuts down any chance of
resistence.  After 30...Rxe7 31 Nf6+ Kh8 32 Rxd7 White wins a piece, giving
Black no opportunity to complicate the ending.} 1-0

[Event "Logical Chess, Move by Move #10"]
[Site "Nuremburg GER"]
[Date "1889"]
[Round "10"]
[White "Tarrasch"]
[Black "Eckhart"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "C05"]
[Annotator "Irving Chernev"]
[PlyCount "33"]
[EventDate "1889"]

1. e4 {This opening move makes an outlet for two pieces, the queen and the
light-squared bishop. It does more than that. It frees a square for the king
and gives an extra one to the g1-knight. It is true that the knight is best
developed at f3, but there are times when it is expedient to bring it to e2 -
perhaps to reach f5 by way of g3. It is just as well to add to the knight's
freedom of movement, if no time is lost thereby. As to the king, there's no
harm in letting him have a bit more breathing space too. Many a king has been
smothered by a lack of consideration, or by carelessness. Consider this case
history, from a minor tournament: McGrouther-McCann, Dundee, 1893: 1 e4 c5 2
Nf3 Nc6 d4 cxd4 4 Nxd4 e5 5 Nf5 Nge7 6 Nd6# (1-0) And if this seems farfetched,
here is another specimen, again in a minor tournament: Arnold-Bohm, Munich
1932: 1 e4 c6 2 d4 d5 3 Nc3 dxe4 4 Nxe4 Nd7 5 Qe2 Ndf6 6 Nd6# (1-0).} e6 {
Though less aggressive than 1...e5, this move does release two pieces and has
the advantage of restricting White's choice of attack.  White no longer has
the whole range of Open Games at his disposal, and he is less able to steer
the game into highly tactical channels by adopting an opening such as the
King's Gambit.    The French Defense conceals a great deal of potential
dynamic energy and is a fine weapon against an over-enthusiastic attacking
player.  Black's position is not easily assaulted despite its crampted
appearance.} 2. d4 {As strong as it is natural.  Of this pawn formation,
Staunton, in the ninteenth century, said, "It is generally advantageous for
your pawns to occupy the middle of the board, because when there they greatly
retard the movements of the opposing forces.  The e-pawn and the d-pawn at
their fourth squares are well posted, but it is not easy to maintain them in
that position, and if you are driven to advance one of them, the power of both
is much diminished."} d5 {Black attacks the e-pawn while giving his queen more
mobility.    IT IS IMPORTANT TO DISPUTE CONTROL OF THE CENTER.} 3. Nd2 {
White has two reasons for developing the knight at d2:  1) He wants to avoid
the knight being pinned, as might occur after 3. Nc3.  2) He is prepared, in
the event of an attack on his d-pawn by ...c5, to reply c3, supporting the
center. Should pawns be exchanged on d4, he recaptures with the c-pawn and
keeps a pawn in the center.    It is true that his c1-bishop is blocked, but
this condition is only temporary, PIECES CAN GET OUT OF EACH OTHER'S WAY.} Nf6
{If followed up correctly, there is nothing wrong with this move.  The idea is
that by attacking the e-4 pawn, Black aims to force this pawn forward to e5. 
As Staunton explained above, once White's two central pawns do not stand
abrest, his whole central structure is weakened.    An alternative and equally
good plan was to fight for control of the center by 3...c5, incidentally
permitting his queen the use of another diagonal and access to the queenside.}
4. e5 {Why does White disregard Stuanton's advice about keeping two pawns on
the fourth rank?  He knows that the pawn may be weaker at e5, but he weights
strengths and weaknesses.  At e5 the pawn drives the knight away from its most
useful post and sends it off to another square where it interferes with the
free movement of Black's other pieces.    Clearly, the value of this or any
other move is arrived at by balancing the benefits it confers against any
disadvantages that might accrue.} Nfd7 {Just about the only move left.  On 4...
Ne4, White plays 5 Nxe4 dxe4 and then has the pleasant choice between 6. Bc4
and 6. Be3.  In both cases White controls more space and has free development
for his pieces.  Black, on the other hand, has to worry about his pawn on e4,
which is disconnected from the rest of his forces and extremely vulnerable to
attack.} 5. Bd3 {White gets his kingside pieces rolling to facilitate early
castling on that side.} c5 {Very good, as Black must not delay in trying to
free his constricted position.  The pawn move strikes at the center and opens
another path for Black's queen.} 6. c3 {Ready to reply to 6...cxd4 with 7 cxd4,
and preserve the pawn-chain, which so cramps the enemy.} Nc6 {
The knight develops tempo, as the d-pawn is now twice attacked.} 7. Ne2 {
One of those rare times when the knight belongs here instead at f3.  It is
true that f3 should be occupied by a knight, and White will arrange to have
one there.  His plan is to swing the knight from d2 to f3, meanwhile freeing
his c1-bishop.} Qb6 {Black puts more pressure on the white d-pawn,
threateniing to win it by 8...cxd4 9 cxd4 Nxd4 10 Nxd4 Qxd4.} 8. Nf3 {
A cleaver shift protects the pawn and clears the decks for the dark-squared
bishop's appearance.} Be7 {Another plausible move, but far too passive. 
Black's position is cramped by the chain of enemy pawns on d4 and e5, and he
should not allow this situation to persist.  He must try to break White's grip
on the center to obtain more space for his pieces.  The correct continuation
was 8...cxd4 9 cxd4 f6, virtually forcing 10 exf6 Nxf6.  Then the problem with
the d7-knight blocking in the c8-bishop has been resolved, and the
disappearance of the e5-pawn means that Black has gained the d6-square for the
development of his dark-squared bishop.  If Black does not take the necessary
liberating action, then he is likely to be gradually squeezed to death.  Such
a fate befell even so great a player as Capablanca in his game with Alekhine
at AVRO 1938.  As a consequence of his inferior opening play, Capablanca was
tied up so badly that he could not stir and that he resigned with nearly all
his pieces still on the board.} (8... cxd4 9. cxd4 f6 10. exf6 Nxf6) 9. O-O {
The king must be spirited off to a safer spot before any violent action is
undertaken.} O-O {Black is still playing mechanical chess, unconcious of
possible danger.  With this move he misses the last chance of striking at the
pawn chain by 9...f6.} 10. Nf4 {Definitely putting an end to any possibility
of disturbing the line-up of pawns, as 10...f6 is refuted by 11. Nxe6, while
10...cxd4 11 cxd4 Nxd4 12 Nxd4 Qxd4 13 Bxh7+, uncovering an attack on the
queen, is unthinkable.} Nd8 {Black recognizes at last that his pieces will
remain impotent until he rids the board of White's annoying e-pawn.  He
therefore protects his own e-pawn so that he can enforce 11...f6 and break up
White's pawn formation.} (10... f6 11. Nxe6) (10... cxd4 11. cxd4 Nxd4 12. Nxd4
Qxd4 13. Bxh7+) 11. Qc2 {Creating an obvious threat to the black h-pawn.  The
profound purpose of the move is to compel one of the pawns near the king to
move forward.    The advance loosens the defensive structure and results in a
permanent weakening which can be exploited, while the pawn that made the
forward step itself often becomes a target for direct attack.} f5 {What choice
is there?  If Black plays 11...h6 or 11...g6, he can never afterward play ...
f6 without making the g6-square vulnerable to invasion by White's pieces or
the focal point of a sacrificial attack that would demolish his kingside.} 12.
exf6 {This relaxes the bind on Black, but it opens up lines for an attack. 
Open lines favor the player whose development is superior and whose pieces
enjoy greater mobility.} Nxf6 {Not only to get the knight back into the game
but also to defend his h-pawn, which again was threatened.} 13. Ng5 {Once more 
attacking the pawn, this time including a threat of 14. Bxh7+ Kh8 (14...Nxh7
15 Qxh7#) 15 Ng6#.} g6 {Forced, as 13...h6 saves the pawn but allows the mate.
With the advance of the g-pawn, a target comes into view at which White can
direct his attack.  He can visualize a decisive blow, one that will wreck
Black's entire defensive structure!} 14. Bxg6 {This sacrifice must be accepted,
as otherwise Black will be a pawn down with nothing to show for it but a
shattered position.  If he tried 14...h6, then 15 Bh7+ Kg7 16 Qg6+ Kh8 17 Qxh6,
and the threat of mate by the knight as well as the danger of discovered check
is too much to withstand.} hxg6 {One lone pawn remains of the three which
surrounded the king, and even that one is not long for this world.} 15. Qxg6+ {
With this dramatic entrance on the scene, the queen, attended by her two
knights, will quickly force submission.} Kh8 {The only move.} 16. Qh6+ {
Clearing the g6-square for the knight.} Kg8 {
Interposing the knight instead allows mate on the move.} 17. Ng6 {
The threats of mate by 18 Qh8# or 18 Nxe7# cannot both be parried.} 1-0

[Event "Logical Chess, Move by Move #11"]
[Site "Bilin"]
[Date "1930"]
[Round "11"]
[White "Flohr"]
[Black "Pitschak"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "A46"]
[Annotator "Irving Chernev"]
[PlyCount "34"]
[EventDate "1930"]

1. d4 {In chess, unlike tennis, you cannot win by serving an ace.  There is no
trick move in the opening that will catch even a fair-to-middling player
off-balance.    What you can do is apply order and method in your conduct of
this phase, so as to increase your chances of getting a favorable position. 
All you need do is follow a few simple rules for sound development:  1) Begin
with e4 or d4, either of which moves releases two pieces.  2) Anchor at least
one pawn in the center and give it solid support.  Pawns in the center keep
enemy pieces from settling themselves on the best squares.  3) Wherever
feasible, bring out your knights before the bishops.  Broadly speaking, the
knights do their best work at f3 and c3 (f6 and c6 when Black), where their
power is tremendous for defence as well as offence.  4) Of two developing
moves, select the more aggressive one.  Develop with a threat if you can.  5)
Move each piece only once in the opening.  Place it at once on a square where
it has some bearing on the center and where it has the greatest scope for
attack.  6) Move at most two pawns in the early stages of the game.  PLAY WITH
THE PIECES.  7) Develop the pieces with a view to controlloing the center,
either by occupying it or bearing down on it from a distance, as fianchettoed
bishops do.  8) Develop the queen, but close to home to avoid her being
harrassed by pawns and minor pieces.  9) Do not chase after pawns at the
expense of development.  10) Secure the safety of the kig by early castling,
preferable on the kingside.    Capablanca summed all this up when he said,
"The main thing is to develop the pieces quickly: get them into play as fas as
you can.    Now back to Flohr and Pitschak: White's first move fixes a pawn in
the center and liberates two pieces.} Nf6 {Black brings his king's knight out
to its most favorable post and hinders White from continuing with 2 e4} 2. Nf3
{Napier recalls that in the first of several lessons he took from Steinitz,
the World Champion said, "No doubt you move your knight out on each side
before the bishop?  And do you know why?"  Napier says he was stuck for an
intelligent answer.  Steinitz went on to explain: "One good reason is that you
know where the knight belongs before you know that much of your bishop;
certainty is far better friend than doubt."} e6 {Black postpones the
straightforward reply 2...d5, which lets him in for regular lines of the
Queen's Gambit.  Meanwhile he opens a line for the f8-bishop.} 3. Nbd2 {
A typical night manoeuvre in the Colle Attack: the knight puts pressure on the
critical e4-square without blocking the c-file.} c5 {Black strikes a blow at
the d-pawn in an attempt to secure control of the center.  This flank thrust
is almost compulsory in queen's pawn openings because Black must try to
distrub White's central formation.    The immediate threat is 4...cxd4, so
that the recapture by 5 Nxd4 leaves no white pawn remaining in the center.} 4.
e3 {White shores up the d-pawn and provides an outlet for the f1-bishop.} b6 {
Black too props up his advanced pawn and prepares to fianchettos the c8-bishop.
} 5. Bd3 {Customary practice in this system of attack: the bishop adds his
strength to the pressure exerted on e4 in preparation for an advance by the
e--pawn, which will open up lines of attack for the pieces in the background. 
The bishop also aims at Black's h-pawn, a fine target after the enemy king
castles on that side.} Bb7 {This solves one of Black's chief problems in
queen's pawn openings - an effective disposition of the light-squared bishop. 
By means of this fianchetto arrangement, the bishop commands the longest
diagonal on the board and participates in the fight for domination of e4, the
strategic square in the Colle System.} 6. O-O {As part of the process of
development, White shields his king from danger and brings his rook closer to
the center files.} Be7 {Despite its modest appearance, there is a great deal
of latent energy  in the placement of this bishop at e7.  It is close enough
to home to help defend the king, yet easily manoeuvrable to a more aggresive
post if occasion requires.} 7. c4 {More in the spirit of the Colle formation
is the quiet 7 c3 to supply a support for the d4-pawn.  The e-pawn is then
free to advance, and if Black at anytime plays ...cxd4, White recaptures with
the c-pawn and maintains a strong pawn in the center.    The idea of the
text-move apparently is to prevent Black's pieces from using d5 as a pivot for
their movements about the board.} O-O {Black goes quietly about the business
of mustering out all the troops.  At one stroke his rook appears on the scene
while the king is whisked away.} 8. b3 {Clearly in order to develop bishop at
b2.  This fianchettoing of the bishop is not conventional procedure in the
Colle, but Flohr may have wanted to test some ideas of his own.} d5 {Black seiz
es the opportunity to dispute possession of the center.  He also puts an end
to White's contemplated advance of the e-pawn, as he bears down on the
critical e4-square with knight, pawn and bishop, while White has only two
pieces trained on it.    It is true that the b7-bishop's diagonal blocked, but
this condition is only temporary.} 9. Qc2 {Considerably better was the simple
development of the dark-squared bishop at b2, which he prepared with his
previous move.    The purpose of 9 Qc2 is to secure control of e4 and to
prevent Black from establishing an outpost on that square by 9...Ne4.  The
trouble with the move is that it permits Black to seize the initiative and
thereafter direct the course of events.} Nc6 {A powerful move which combines
development, aggresive intent and prophylaxis!    Development, in that the
knight is placed at once on its most suitable square.    Aggression, in the
knight's threat to advance to b4, attacking queen and bishop and forcing an
exchange which rids the board of White's dangerous light-squared bishop.   
Prophylaxis, in the prevention of 10 e4, the continuation after which would be
10...Nb4 11 Qc3 Nxd3 12 Qxd3 dxe4, and Black wins a piece.} 10. a3 {White must
preserve his valuable light-squared bishop.    Unfortunately, the time lost in
being forced to make a pawn move is costly, as we shall see.} cxd4 {Black excha
nges to clarify the position in the center and to open the c-file for the
convenience of his a8-rook.} 11. cxd5 {The alternative capture 11 exd4 was
unpleasant as the reply 11...dxc4 forces 12 Qxc4 (otherwise White's d-pawn is
lost), when 12...Rc8 exercises uncomfortable pressure on White's center. 
Another possibility instead of the text-move is 11 Nxd4 Nxd4 12 exd4 dxc4 13
Qxc4 (to save the d-pawn) 13...Rc8 14 Qa4 Bc6 15 Qxa7 (or 15 Qc4 Bxg2 and
Black wins easily) 15...Ra8 and Black wins the queen.} (11. exd4 dxc4 12. Qxc4
Rc8) (11. Nxd4 Nxd4 12. exd4 dxc4 13. Qxc4 Rc8 14. Qa4 Bc6 15. Qxa7 Ra8) 11...
Qxd5 {Black nets a pawn with this and (as if it were not enought) takes over
the attack.    The queen is in no danger, as White's pieces are not
sufficiently well developed to cause her any inconvenience.} 12. exd4 {
White opens the position to get some counterplay; he hopes to utilize the
e-file for his rook and the e4-square as a pivot for his pieces.    Instead
the superficially attractive 12 e4 does not accomplish much, as after 12...Qh5
the vital e4-square is occupied by a pawn, making it unavailable for the
manoeuvring of pieces, while Black benefits in having an extra passed pawn on
the d-file.} Nxd4 {
This attack on the queen gains time as White must lost a move with his queen.}
13. Qb1 {Obviously 13 Nxd4 would not do, as Black's queen pounces down with
instantaneous mate, while 13 Qb2 Nxf3+ 14 Nxf3 Qxd3 costs a piece.  On 13 Qc3,
Black continues 13...Rfd8 followed by 14...Rac8, and again the queen must flee.
White's actual move is probably the least of the evils.} Rfd8 {Intensifying
the pressure along the d-file and particularly on the bishop, whose life is
threatened by 14...Nxf3+ 15 Nxf3 Qxd3 16 Qxd3 Rxd3.} 14. Ne1 {White protects
his bishop as well as the vulnerable g-pawn.    Against 14 Bc2 Black can
choose from these themes:  1) Simplification (being a pawn ahead, by 14...Nxc2.
2) Stepping up the pressure by 14...Rac8, banishing the c2-bishop to the first
rank.  3) Combination, by 14...Ne2+ 15 Kh1 Ba6 (threatening to win the
exchange by 16...Nc3) 16 Re1 Ng4 17 Ne4 Qxe4! 18 Bxe4 Nxf2#.} (14. Bc2 Nxc2 (
14... Rac8) (14... Ne2+ 15. Kh1 Ba6 16. Re1 Ng4 17. Ne4 Qxe4 18. Bxe4 Nxf2#))
14... Qh5 {There is no direct threat in this queen move, but Black threatens
to threaten!  He intends to storm White's citadel of pawns with his queen
supported by a minor piece, for instance by 15...Bd6 or 15...Ng4.  This would
compel one of the pawns to leave its base and create weaknesses that Black
could exploit.  The advanced pawn itself might be susceptible to attack, or
avenues might be opened leading to the king.    This chipping away at the
foundation is an interesting process for rendering an apparently strongly
fortified position vulnerable to assault.} 15. Bb2 {White has no dependable
defense (especially against nebulous threats) so continues to develop his
pieces.  The more he has in play, the better his chances of surviving the
coming storm.} Bd6 {With a simple but unmistakable threat: mate on the move! 
How does White defend?} 16. g3 {
By process of elimination, the only defence, if one still exists.} (16. Nef3
Nxf3+ 17. Nxf3 Bxf3 18. gxf3 Qxh2#) (16. f4 Bc5 {
threatening the deadly 17...Ne2++ 18 Kh1 Ng3#} 17. Kh1 Ng4 18. h3 Qxh3+ {
and mate next move.}) (16. h3 Qe5 {agan aiming for mate at h2} 17. g3 Qd5 {
now trying for 18...Qh1#} 18. f3 Qg5 {and White's game falls to pieces.}) 16...
Ng4 {White's g-pawn has been compelled to step forward; now the threat of 17...
Qxh2# forces the h-pawn's advance.} 17. h4 {
White has no other move than this, which keeps the queen out - or does it?}
Qxh4 {This is brilliant!  Not because of the fact that the queen is offered,
but beause it bring to an appropriate climax the systematic exploitation of
pawn weaknesses cleverly brought into being.    Black introduces two threats
of mate in one, at h1 and h2.    After 18 gxh4 the reply 18...Bh2# would come
quick as a flash.} 0-1

[Event "Logical Chess, Move by Move #12"]
[Site "Liebwerda"]
[Date "1934"]
[Round "12"]
[White "Pitschak"]
[Black "Flohr"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "A29"]
[Annotator "Irving Chernev"]
[PlyCount "40"]
[EventDate "1934"]

1. c4 {Despite the fact that only one piece is freed by this move, against the
two that are released by 1 e4 or 1 d4, the English is one of the strongest
opening weapons in White's arsenal. It appears to those who like originality
right from the start, as it allows manoeuvring of the pieces without comeing
to grips too early with the enemy. In may forms of this opening, White does
not even try to occupy the center. He lets Black mass pieces and pawns there,
and then attacks them from the sides. He might fianchettos his bishops, for
example, and strike at the center from a distance, in order to undermine it.
Should White decide to temper his originality with caution, he can transpose
from the English to some form of queen's pawn opening and still retain a fine
game.} e5 {Black develops in the good old-fashioned way: he plants a pawn in
the center and frees two pieces for action.} 2. Nc3 {White brings a piece out
in preference to advancing a center pawn. In fact, on} (2. d4 exd4 3. Qxd4 Nc6
{the queen must retreat and lose a move. Or if 2 e4, White remains with a
backward d-pawn, while the f1-bishop cannot get to c4.}) 2... Nf6 {Black
watche s the order of his moves. The knight move is not merely routine
development of a piece. Its purpose is to offset the pressure of White's
knight and pawn on the d5-square.} 3. g3 {Clearly with the intention of making
room for the bishop at g2, where it will operate on a long diagonal and also
contribute to the pressure on d5.} d5 {Black frees his game by opening new
paths for the queenside pieces. Simultaneously, he puts the question to
White's c-pawn.} 4. cxd5 {White is happy to exchange a flank pawn for a center
pawn. At the same time, his c-file, now clear of pawns, offers good prospects
for his queen's rook when it gets to c1.} Nxd5 {Such recaptures are
practically compulsory. A delay might give White time to protect and hold on
to the extra pawn.} 5. Bg2 {White develops a piece with a gain of tempo - an
attack on the d5 knight. In the old days, Black would probably have met this
by 5...Be6, protecting the knight while developing another piece. Today's
players regard with suspicion even the most natural moves, in their search for
truth (new ways to win).} Nb6 {The bishop can wait! The advantage of this move
is that Black is able to retain control of the d4-square, and so prevent White
from opening up the center by advancing his d-pawn to d4. After} (5... Be6 {on
the other hand, play might continue} 6. Nf3 Nc6 7. O-O Be7 8. d4 {when Black
is in trouble, since the position is becoming open while his king is still in
the center.}) 6. Nf3 {Again one of White's pieces develops with a threat -
this time against the e-pawn.} Nc6 {Black defends in the simplest, most
natural, way by posting the b8 knight on its most effective station. Despite
the fact that Black has fewer pieces in play than White, his game is not
inferior. He does have a pawn in the center, and his bishops, undeveloped as
yet, have great potential, as their cruising range is more extensive than
White's.} 7. O-O {White does not commit himself, but sprint away the king and
mobilizes one of his rooks.} Be7 {As in the previous game, the bishop's
unobstrusive position at e7 is deceptive: it is prepared to keep out invaders
and is also on the alert to switch to attack.} 8. d3 {White makes room for the
c1-bishop to take a hand in the game.} O-O {Removes the king from danger area
and gets the rook up on deck.} 9. Be3 {With the bishop on this square, White
may be able to get in 10 d4 and rid himself of Black's cramping center pawn.}
Bg4 {An excellent deployment, as the bishop has a powerful restraining effect
on White's kingside, as well as on the contemplated advance of his d-pawn.} 10.
h3 {A move which is impelled by a desire to make the annoying bishop declare
his intentions - either take the knight or vacae the premises! Unfortunately,
moves such as this, dictated more by instinct than reason, have injurious
effect on the castled position, as the structure is loosened. Once the pawns
near the king make a move, they themselves become more susceptible to attack,
in spite of the cluster of pieces ranged around them for protection.} ({\/If
White does try} 10. d4 {the response,} Nc4 {is hard to meet. If White replies}
11. Nxe5 {then after} (11. Qc1 Nxe3 12. Qxe3 Nxd4 13. Qe4 Bxf3 14. Bxf3 Nxf3+
15. Qxf3) 11... N6xe5 12. dxe5 Nxe3 13. fxe3 {he is left with a rickety column
of pawns on the e-file.}) ({White's best line is probably} 10. Na4 {in order
to swing the knight to c5, a square which White must try to control in this
type of English Opening. Otherwise he might continue developing by 10 Rc1 and
only then consider the knight move.}) 10... Bh5 {The bishop retreates one
square but maintains the pressure. Despite the bishop's restricted mobility,
its continued influence is more troublesome to White's position (and his frame
of mind) than would be its return to e6, where it enjoys more freedom but doe
nothing to disturb the opponent.} 11. Rc1 {Evidently in order to control the
c-file and perhaps work up an attack on the queenside.} ({A good alternative is
} 11. Qb3 {followed, when feasible, by Rad1 and d4, to open the d-file for
White's rooks and get some counterplay in the center. ACTION IN THE CENTER IS
THE BEST REMEDY AGAINST A KINGSIDE ATTACK.}) 11... Qd7 {All the pieces must do
their bit! The queen moves only one step forward and dominates an important
diagonal! Development of the queen serves another purpose in that the first
rank is cleared for the rooks. They can now switch over toward the center and
get control of the most important files.} 12. Na4 {White's idea is to create a
diversion by taking command of c5 with his knight and keeping Black occupied
with threats on the queenside. Against routine defensive moves, for instances
12 Kh2, Black gets an attack rolling by 12...f5 and 13...f4, and the pawn will
demolish White's kingside pawn formation.} Bxf3 {Presenting White with an
unhappy choice of recaptures: if he takes with the pawn, his d-pawn becomes
isolated and weak; if he takes with the bishop, he loses a pawn immediately.}
13. Bxf3 {White gives up the h-pawn, trusting that he will regain a pawn
quickly by his next exchange of pieces.} Qxh3 {After this capture, Black's
attacking prospects are very bright. Without bothering to analyse the petty
details, he can visualize winning lines of play beginning with 14...f5
followed either by 15...f4, to destroy White's g-pawn (the key to the
defensive structure) or by 15...Rf6, and then swinging the rook over to g6 or
h6.} 14. Bxc6 {Better than this, which regains the pawn is} (14. Bg2 {
banishing the queen from the neighborhood of the king.}) 14... bxc6 {Forced,
but an agreeable obligation. Black is quite pleased to see the last of this
long-range bishop.} 15. Rxc6 {Material is now equal, but the white king is in
danger, with the enemy queen on his neck.} Nd5 {A tremendous move!  One threat
from this beautifully centralized knight is 16...Nxe3 17. fxe3 Qxg3+ 18. Kh1
Qh3+ 19. Kg1 Bg5, and White's game is in ruins, while another threat is 16...
Nf6, followed by 17...Ng4 and 18...Qh2#.} 16. Qe1 {This awkward move is
absolutely necessary to save the g-pawn from 16...Nxe3 17 fxe3 Qxg3+.  Should
this pawn fall, his king could not withstand the attack.} (16. -- Nxe3 17. fxe3
Qxg3+ 18. Kh1 Qh3+ 19. Kg1 Bg5) (16. -- Nf6 17. -- Ng4 18. -- Qh2#) ({Why may
have intended to play} 16. Bc5 {when after} Nf6 {he could have put up a fight
by} (16... Bxc5 17. Nxc5 Nf6) 17. Rxf6 Bxf6 18. Bxf8 {but at the last moment
saw the refutation: 16...Bxc5 17 Nxc5 Nf6 and in order to stop 18...Ng4 and 19.
..Qh2#, he must give up his rook for the knight, a course which means an
eventual loss.}) 16... f5 {Not at once 16...Nf6 as 17 f3 keeps the knight out 
(note how essential it is to have the g-pawn protected).  With his last move
Black prepares to play 17...f4.  If 18 gxf4 then 18...Rxf4 19 Bxf4, and Black
mates at g2.  If White does not take back the pawn but plays 18 Bc5, Black
wins cleverly, by 18...f3 (threatening 19...Qg2#) 19 exf3 Nf4 (again aiming at
the mate) 20 gxf4 Rf5, and White can only stop 21...Rh5, followed by mate,
giving up his queen with 21 Qxe5.} 17. Bc5 {The text-move gives White a faint
chance of holding out after 17...Bxc5 18 Nxc5 Nf6 19 f3, or if 17...Nf6 then
18 Rxf6.} (17. -- f4 18. gxf4 (18. Bc5 f3 19. exf3 Nf4 20. gxf4 Rf5 21. -- Rh5
{mate in 1 can only be stopped by} 22. Qxe5 Rxe5 {and Black is up a queen.})
18... Rxf4 19. Bxf4 Nxf4) ({If White tries to rid himself of Black's
troublesome knight by} 17. Nc3 {Black pursues the attack by} Nf6 18. f3 Nh5 {
(concentrating on the vital g-pawn)} 19. Bf2 Bh4 {(still hammering at the pawn)
} 20. gxh4 Nf4 {and forces mate at g2.}) 17... f4 {Not only to strike at the
g-pawn but also clear a path for the rook's passage to f5 and h5 to assist the
queen in a mating operation.} (17... Bxc5 18. Nxc5 Nf6 19. f3) (17... Nf6 18.
Rxf6) 18. Bxe7 {The move played exchanges to reduce the number of pieces
besetting his king.  He hopes for the simple recapture by 18...Nxe7, when the
knight, no longer centralized, is less of a menace.} ({If instead} 18. g4 {to
keep the rook out, Black has three or four easy wins on tap:} f3 (18... Qxg4+
19. Kh1 {and then} Rf5 {and the rook mates.} (19... f3 20. Rg1 Qh3# (20... Qh4#
)) 20. -- Rh5#) 19. exf3 Nf4 {followed by} 20. -- Qg2#) 18... fxg3 {With the
simple, brutal threat of 19...Qh2#} 19. fxg3 {The only reply.} Ne3 {Threatening
} 20. -- (20. Rf2 Qxg3+ 21. Kh1 Rxf2 {wins easily.}) (20. Rxf8+ Rxf8 21. Qf2
Rxf2 22. Kxf2 Qg2+ 23. Kxe3 Qxc6 {and the rest is elementary.}) 20... Qg2# {In
this game Flohr gained revenge for his loss to Pitschak in the previous game
by adopting the technique with which he was defeated.  He weakened the pawns
around the castled king and then ripped open the defenses with a devastating
attack.} 0-1

[Event "Logical Chess, Move By Move #13"]
[Site "Prague"]
[Date "1952"]
[Round "13"]
[White "Dobias"]
[Black "Podgorny"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "C10"]
[Annotator "Irving Chernev"]
[PlyCount "41"]
[EventDate "1952"]

1. e4 {This is one of the best ways to begin what is a race and a struggle: a
race to get the pieces out rapidly and onto squares where they can operate
most efficiently; a struggle to gain control fo the center. At one stroke the
e-pawn takes up an important square in the center and attacks two others,
while the queen and bishop controle either more squares.} e6 {This quietly
aggressive more prepares to dispute White's center by 2...d5. This defense has
the merit of avoiding the many strong openings White can play after the
customary 1...e5 reply.} 2. d4 {Of a similiar move, Philidor in his Chess
Analysed (1791) says, "This Pawn is played two Moves for two very important
Reafons: the firft is, to hinder your Adverfary's Kings Bifhop to play upon
your King's Bifhop's Pawn; and the fecond, to put the Strength of your Pawns
in the Middle of the Exchequer, which is of great Confequence to attain the
making of a Queen." We may ftill follow the advice if not the fpelling.} d5 {
An attack on the e-pawn which immediately challenges the center.} 3. Nc3 {Of
various courses open to White (advancing the e-pawn to e5, exchanging pawns,
sacrificing his center pawn or protecting it) he takes that which enables him
to develop a piece and maintain pressure.} dxe4 {Temporarily allowing White
more freedom of action, but Black hopes to play ...c5 later and destroy the
troublesome d-pawn.} 4. Nxe4 {The recapture leaves White with a slight edge in
his centralized Knight and pawn position.} Nd7 {Preparing support for the
g8-knight's development at f6. If White then exchanges knights, Black can
recapture with the d7-knight.} ({If he played instead} 4... Nf6 {then comes} 5.
Nxf6+ {and Black must either break up his kingside pawns by} gxf6 {or capture
with the queen and risk its being bothers by the minor pieces.} ({A sample of
what could happen} 5... Qxf6 {is this little trap} 6. Nf3 Bd7 {to sieze the
long diagonal} 7. Bd3 Bc6 8. Bg5 Bxf3 9. Qd2 Qxg5 10. Bb5+ {and White wins the
enemy queen.})) 5. Nf3 {The best possible way to put the king's knight to work
- by developing it at f3 where it has enormous influence on the center, and
where it stands peerless in defence of the castled king.} Be7 {A noncommittal
developing move (it brings a piece off the back rank and helps the king castle
quickly) but no so good as the conventional 5...Ngf6} ({If Black tries instead
the fianchetto development of this c8-bishop (tempting in view of White's
exposed knight), there is a pretty trap he can stumble into:} 5... b6 6. Bb5
Bb7 7. Ne5 Bxe4 ({or} 7... Bc8 8. Bg5 Ngf6 9. Nc6 {winning the queen}) 8. Bxd7+
Ke7 9. Bc6 {and Black must lost some material}) 6. Bd3 {This is probably
sharper than 6 Bc4 but either move places the bishop in a good spot and clears
the first rank for kingside castling.} Ngf6 {Black too prepares to get his
king into safety by developing (at long last) his g8-knight} 7. Qe2 {White
develops a piece and supports his central knight strongly with queen and
bishop.} ({This is more restraining on Black's cramped position than} 7. Nxf6+
Bxf6 8. -- {when Black can initiate an attack on White's center with} c5) 7...
O-O {The king seeks security in the corner. There was no eay freeing manuver in
} (7... Nxe4 8. Bxe4 Nf6 {since} 9. Bxb7 Bxb7 10. Qb5+ {followed by} Nd7 11.
Qxb7) 8. O-O {White's castling is less to escapte danger than to let the
h1-rook take an avtive part in the game. White's position is so promising as
to offer him a good attacking line in} (8. Bg5 Nxe4 9. Qxe4 g6 ({cerntainly not
} 9... Nf6 {to prevent mate, as} 10. Bxf6 {wins on the spot} g6 11. Be5) 10. h4
{when White can castle on the queenside and storm the enemy bastions with his
kingside pawns.}) 8... Nxe4 {Black exchanges to get some elbow-room} 9. Qxe4 {
Takes command of the board with a threat of mate! Offhand it looks risky to
make this capture and leave the queen exposted to harrassment by the minor
pieces, but Black is in no position (in either sense of the word) to make
trouble. He has all he can do to stay alive!} Nf6 {Naturally, Black does not
wish to advance one of the kingside pawns, for instance 9...g6 unless
compelled to, but what's wrong with the move he plays, Nf6? Does it not bring
out the knight to its best square, guard against mate, beat off the queen, and
free his own queenside? Indeed it does all these things, and under the
circumstances it is probably's Black's best move. It is strange that a move
made under duress often does not have the same positive effect as a move made
of one's volition.} 10. Qh4 {After this, Black's knight, which to be sure
stands on a good square, MUST REMAIN ON THAT SQUARE TO GUARD AGAINST MATE.} b6
{The c8-bishop, barred by Black's very first move from coming out to the
kingside, seeks other menas to take part in the battle. Development at b7
looks attractive, as from there it commands the long diagonal.} 11. Bg5 {
Excellent strategy! White attacks the most important defensive piece, the
knight that guards against mate. The specific threat is 12. Bxf6 Bxf6 13.
Qxh7#. A simple threat and east to meet - all Black has to do is play 11...g6
or h6 What this is White aiming at? The hidden purpose is to FORCE BLACK TO
MOVE ONE OF THE KINGSIDE PAWNS, to avoid being mated. A move by either of
these pawns creates a looseness in the defensive structure that can never be
repaired. It weakens the position organically as it makes a breach that can
never be closed. The pawn that advances can never go back to its former
position in the line of defensive pawns.} g6 (11... -- 12. Bxf6 Bxf6 13. Qxh7#)
({On the alternative} 11... h6 {White wins by} 12. Bxf6 Bxf6 13. Qe4 {when the
threat of mate wins the rooks on a8, an innocent bystander.}) 12. c4 {A very
good move! To begin with, it prevents Black from playing 12...Nd5, to remove
by exchange White's attacking pieces. Offensively, it prepares an advance of
the d4-pawn, which will break up Black's pawn structure at e6. Once this is
done, White's rook will have a point of entry on the e-file.} Bb7 {Black has
no effective counterattack. The best he can do is to keep on developing pieces
on the most favorable squares to make a hard fight of it.} 13. d5 {Threatening,
after the preparatory 14.Rad1, to take the e6-pawn so that the forced
recapture by 15...fxe6 deprives Black's g-pawn of one of its props.} exd5 {
This seems to win a pawn, as should White recapture by 14 cxd5 the reply 14...
Nxd5 not only holds on to the pawn but compels an exchange of bishops, taking
the edge off White's attack.} 14. Rfe1 {This expected ZWISCHENZUG (in-between
move) threatens immediate victory by 15. Rxe7 ...} h6 {Black offers a pawn to
deflect one of the pieces bearing down so heavily on his f6 knight and
e7-bishop. There was no relief in 14...Kg7 to support the knight, as White
responds with the brutal 15 Bh6+ winning the exchange.} ({threatens immediate
victory by} 14... -- 15. Rxe7 Qxe7 16. Bxf6 Qd6 17. Ng5 h5 18. Qxh5 gxh5 19.
Bh7#) (14... Kg7 15. Bh6+ Kg8 16. Bxf8) 15. Qxh6 ({But not} 15. Bxh6 {which
permits} Ne4 {driving off White's queen.}) 15... Ng4 {The text move is of
course an attempt to chase the queen away} (15... -- {After Qxh6, White now
plans} 16. Bxg6 fxg6 17. Qxg6+ Kh8 18. Nd4 Qe8 (18... -- 19. Ne6 (19. Nf5) (19.
Re3 -- 20. Rh3+)) 19. Qh6+ Kg8 20. Nf5 Rf7 21. Bxf6 Bxf6 22. Rxe8+ Rxe8) ({
White has a neat win against the defence by} 15... Ne4 {He plays} 16. Bxe7 Qxe7
17. cxd5 {threatening to captured the pinned e4-knight next)} Bxd5 18. Bxe4
Bxe4 19. Rxe4 Qxe4 20. Ng5 {when Black must lose his queen or be mated.}) 16.
Qh4 {White supports the bishop, attacks the knight and threatens to win by
Bxe7.  What more can be achieved by one move?} Bxg5 ({Returning the knight to
f6 leads to catastropher, viz.:} 16... Nf6 17. Rxe7 Qxe7 18. Bxf6 {and White
attacks Black's queen while threatening mate.}) 17. Nxg5 {Once again the theme
song - mate at h7.} Nf6 {And Black must dance to the tune, by bringing the
knight back to f6.  Here too Black posts the knight on a good square, but not
of his own free will.} 18. Qh6 {This restricts Black more than would
manuvering the rook over to h3 by way of e3.} ({For example, after} 18. Re3 Re8
19. Rh3 Kf8 {the king escaptes immediate disaster.}) 18... d4 {To prevent 19
Re3, and to give the bishop more play on the long diagonal.  How does White
continue the attack?  Can he bring up the reserves without losing too much
time?  Or can he weaken the defensive formation and make it vulnerable to
immediate assault?  Is there a hint in the last question?  Yes, indeed! 
Black's chief defence lies in his knight, which guards against the mate at h7,
and the f-pawn supporting the all-important g-pawn.  If only White could
strike at these two defenders - threaten them, remove them, get them out of
the way somehow ...  There is a move, the kind that looks absurd at first
glance!  Hint #2: A master player looks at every move he would LIKE to make,
ESPECIALLY THE IMPOSSIBLE ONES.} ({After White's actual move (Qh6), if Black
tries} 18... Re8 {he falls into} 19. Bxg6 Rxe1+ 20. Rxe1 fxg6 21. Qxg6+ Kh8 22.
Nf7#) 19. Re6 {Threatening to capture the knight, and then mate with the queen.
} Re8 {It is interesting to note how the startling 19 Re6 move not only
threatens to take the knight but also exploits the fact that the f-pawn dare
not capture the rook and abandon the defence of the g-pawn.  Black's last move
is intended to clear the f8-square for the king, if White should take the
knight and then check at h7 with his queen.} ({Had Black played} 19... fxe6 {
there would have followed} 20. Qxg6+ Kh8 21. Qh6+ Kg8 22. Bh7+ Kh8 (22... Nxh7
23. Qxh7#) 23. Bf5+ Kg8 24. Bxe6+ Rf7 25. Bxf7#) 20. Bxg6 {Breaking through
the pawn barrier!  White's threat is} -- (20... fxg6 21. Qxg6+ Kh8 22. Nf7#) (
20... fxe6 21. Bf7#) (20... Qd7 21. Bh7+ Nxh7 22. Qxh7+ Kf8 23. Qh8#) 21. Bxf7#
1-0


[Event "Logical Chess, Move By Move #14"]
[Site "GER"]
[Date "1916"]
[Round "14"]
[White "Tarrasch"]
[Black "Mieses"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "C10"]
[Annotator "Irving Chernev"]
[PlyCount "41"]
[EventDate "1916"]

1. e4 {This is an excellent start toward developing the pieces, as lines are
immediately opened for the queen and a bishop. The e-pawn itself helps in the
battle for the center by occupying a key square and attacking two others, d5
and f5.} e6 {In spite of its modest appearance, this move is just as good as
the straightforward 1...e5. Black's idea is to follow up with 2...d5,
attacking White's center. He is then prepared to meet 3 exd5 by recapturing
with the e-pawn, thus maintaining a pawn in the center.} 2. d4 {Naturally!
White puts another pawn in the center, now making e5 and c5 forbidden
territory for Black's pieces. Meanwhile, his own queen and dark-squared bishop
have more freedom of movement.} d5 {Putting the question to the e-pawn! White
has a choice of various replies (see variations) There remains the third (book)
way, which is simple and consistent with common sense in chess - to support
the e-pawn and bring a piece out on the scene. Typical Tarrasch: he selects
the method which furthers his development and maintains tension in the center.
This moves brings a knight out, protects the e-pawn and increases the pressure
on d5.} 3. Nc3 (3. exd5 {in order to simplify. The first method was favored by
Morphy, who liked open positions that gave his pieces wide scope for attack.
Nowadays it is rarely adopted, as after the exchange of pawns the positions
are equal and symmetrical and an attack is difficult to whip up, unless you
are a Morphy.}) (3. e5 {to cramp Black with the pawn chain. The cramping move
has a great many advocates, but the argument against this system is that
White's pawn chain is rigid and susceptible to undermining tactics. Black
initiates a strong counterattack on the base of the pawn-chain by 3...c5,
followed by ...Nc6 and ...Qb6, when White finds himself defending a center
that has lost its flexibility.}) (3. Nd2 {to protect the pawn and develop a
piece at the same time.}) (3. Be3) 3... dxe4 {Tarrasch disapproves of this
exchange of pawns, as Black surrenders the center without obtaining any
compensation. If results are a measure of the merit of an opinion, Tarrasch
proved his point in this match. Mieses played 3...dxe4 seven times with Black,
with the consequences that two games were drawn and five were won by Tarrasch.}
4. Nxe4 {Now White has a beautifully centralized knight, pressure on e5 and c5,
and a superior pawn position (a pawn at d4 to one at e6) which assures him
greater freedom of action.} Nd7 {Intending to support the g8-knight when it
reaches f6. If Black plays 4...Nf6 at once, White can exchange knights by
Nxf6+. Black's recapture either brings his queen too early into the game, or
with 5...gxf6 allows his kingside pawn structure to be broken up.} 5. Nf3 {
This is where the king's knight is most useful, so why not place it there at
once? Even the greatest masters do not play startling, bizzare or 'brilliant'
moves in the opening in an effort to be different, or to impress others with
their ability to find extraordinary moves in commonplace positions. They are
content to develop their pieces quickly, placing them on squares where they
will operate to greatest effect, and then waint for Nature to take its course.
When the time is ripe for combinative play, the odds are it will turn in favor
of the player whose development is superior.} Ngf6 {A sound developing move.
Not only does the g8-knight move to the square most suitable for its powers,
but it challenges the sovereignty of White's knight and disputes its hold on
the center.} 6. Bd3 {Rather than retreat, White supports the knight by
developing another piece. If Black exchanges on e4, White remains with a piece
in the center.} Be7 {The bishop is well placed at e7, and the decks are
cleared for early kingside castling.} (6... Nxe4 7. Bxe4 Nf6 8. Bd3 {is an
interesting alternative, when the time lost by the bishop's retreat
compensates Black for the tempo he lost when he played 3...dxe4.}) 7. O-O {The
king hides behind a pawn barricade while the rook moves in toward the
half-open e-file.} Nxe4 {Black exchanges to free his crowded postion and let
the queenside pieces get some air.} 8. Bxe4 {The recapture gives White a
monopoly on the important squares and poses Black the problem of attaining
equality.} Nf6 {This is always a fine square for the knight, and in this case
the knight gets there with gain of time by attacking the unprotected bishop.}
9. Bd3 {This mobile bishop is too valuable for White to allow its exchange.
Any such transaction benefits Black as a reduction in the number of pieces on
the board eases the pressure on him.} b6 {Understandably, Black wants his
light-squared bishop on the job and intends developing it at b7. There is
danger, though, in attempting this before the king is castled. Not only is
there the risk of a check on the a4-e8 diagonal, which might compel the king
to move and forfeit his right to castle, but there is also the possibility of
White planting a knight on c6, a square weakened by the advance of Black's
b-pawn.} 10. Ne5 {The knight occupies a wonderful outpost and will put a
restraining hand on Black's ambition to expand.} O-O ({Black realizes that} 
10... Bb7 {is refuted by} 11. Bb5+ {to which he must respond either with} Kf8 {
losing the castling privilege, or with} (11... c6 {giving up a pawn})) ({
Naturally it would be silly to snatch a pawn by} 10... Qxd4 {and fall into} 11.
Bb5+ {losing a queen by discovered attack.}) 11. Nc6 {Immediately pouncing on
the weakened square, with a view to removing Black's dark-squared bishop. But
why give up the knight, which I said a moment ago was occupying a wonderful
outpost, for a bishop that seems to have little potential? There are at least
three good reasons: 1) The exchange deprives Black of one of his bishops, and
the mere possession of both bishops is a formidable attacking weapon, no
matter how placid the position. 2) The reduction in material increases the
dynamic power of White's pair of bishops, which have more space to work in.
The emptier the board, the better they can sweep the area, one operating on
light and the other on dark diagonals. The third reason is rather subtle: 3)
Black's kingside position is stoutly defended by the knight, and the knight in
turn by the bishop and queen. In order to get at the knight, which must
eventually be destroyed for a kingside attack to succeed, White first removes
one of its firm supports, the bishop. The substitution of Black's queen for
the ishop will make a pin on the knight a potent one - one which can not
easily be shaken off.} Qd6 {As good as any other move the queen can make.} 12.
Qf3 {A very important zwischenzug (in-between move). It is stronger than th
eimmediate 12 Nxe7 and causes Black to modify his plans. Let us analyse both
moves. After the actual move Qf3, Black is threatened with 13 Nxe7+ Qxe7 14
Qxa8 - loss of a rook. This time the rook cannot run from the queen, as the
flight square b8 is covered by White's knight, and the response 12...Bb7 (to
interpost the bishop, meanwhile developing it on the long diagonal) fails
after 13 Nxe7+ Qxe7 14 Qxb7, and White wins a piece.} ({If White plays} 12.
Nxe7+ {then after} Qxe7 13. Qf3 {White attacks the rook. The rook evades the
queen by escaping to} Rb8 {and Black's next move} 14. -- Bb7 {drives the queen
off the long diagonal, leaving Black's bishop in control of it.}) 12... Bd7 {
The upshot of all this is that in order to save the rook's life the bishop
must be content to move to d7, where it has little scope.} (12... -- 13. Nxe7+
Qxe7 14. Qxa8) (12... Bb7 13. Nxe7+ Qxe7 14. Qxb7) 13. Nxe7+ {Strategically,
this represents a triumph for White. Not only does he remain with the
advantage of the two bishops against Black's knight and bishop, but he has
also compelled Black's remaining bishop to take up an unfavorable post, while
White retains control of the long light-squared diagonal.} Qxe7 {Black
recaptures with the impression that his position is solid enough, though
defensive in character.} 14. Bg5 {White puts paralysing pressure on the knight
with this powerful pin. Before going any further, let's review the bidding. By
doing nothing more remarkable than making simple developing moves, White has
an advantage in his pair of bishops, a better all-around position, more pieces
in play, and an enduring initiative. More pieces in play? Yes, his queen and
both bishops are ACTIVELY posted, while Black's knight is unable to move, his
queen must hover about the knight (or lose a pawn after Bxf6) and his bishop
has little mobility, shut off as it was from the kingside attack by Black's
own e-pawn. The pawn position in the center also favors White, in that his
d-pawn on the fourth rank has more to say about affairs than the enemy pawn at
e6. White now plans to create a breach in the line-up of pawns screening
Black's king, by next playing the surprising but logical Qe4. Black could not
reply 15...Nxe4 to this as after 16 Bxe7 (attacking two pieces) 16...Re8 17
Bxe4 he has no time to take the e7-bishop as his a8-rook is under attack. The
idea underlying 15 Qe4 is not to induce Black to snatch the queen, but by the
threat of 16 Bxf6 Qxf6 17 Qxh7# to compel him to play 15...g6. The effect of
this pawn move would be to loosen the defensive structure shielding the king,
remove a prop from under the pinned knight, and offer White points of entry on
the weakened dark squares h6 and f6, which are no longer guarded by the g-pawn.
One possibility, for example, is 15 Qe4 g6 16 Qh4 (attacking the knight) 16...
Kg7 17 Bh6+, and White wins the exchange.} Rac8 {Black shifts the rook from
the line of fire, so that 15 Qe4 Nxe4 16 Bxe7 Rfe8 retains material equality.
Constructively, Black intends to follow up with 15...c5, coming to grips with
White's center pawn and opening the c-file for his rook.} (14... -- 15. Qe4
Nxe4 (15... -- 16. Bxf6 Qxf6 17. Qxh7#) (15... g6 16. Qh4 Kg7 17. Bh6+) 16.
Bxe7 Rfe8 17. Bxe4) 15. Rfe1 {A useful developing, restraining and preparatory
move: - it brings the rook out to a half-open file - it prevents any attempts
by Black to free himself by prying open the e-file - it makes provision for
utilizing the e1-rook in a kingside attack, somewhat like this: 16 Qh3 (again
threatening to win by 17 Bxf6) 16...h6 17 Bxh6 gxh6 18 Qxh6, and the rook
comes in decisively by way of e5 and g5 to inflict mate.} (15. Qe4 Nxe4 16.
Bxe7 Rfe8) (15. -- c5) 15... Rfe8 {Vacating a square for the king. Black
abandons the projected 15...c5, against which Tarrasch intended (according to
his own comments) 16 Qh3 (threatening Bxf6) 16...h6 17 Bxh6 and now: 1) 17...
c4 18 Bxg7 Kxg7 19 Qg3+ Kh8 20 Qh4+ Kg7 21 Qg5+ Kh8 22 Qh6+ (pretty zigzagging
by the queen!) 22...Kg8 23 Re5 with a quick mate. 2) 17... gxh6 18 Qxh6 cxd4 
(to meet 19 Re5 with 19...Rc5) 19 Qg5+ Kh8 Re4 and Black must give up hiw
queen to avoid mate.} (15... -- 16. Qh5 h6 17. Bxh6 gxh6 18. Qxh6 -- 19. Re5 --
20. Rg5#) (15... c5 16. Qh3 h6 17. Bxh6 c4 (17... gxh6 18. Qxh6 cxd4 19. Qg5+
Kh8 20. Re4) 18. Bxg7 Kxg7 19. Qg3+ Kh8 20. Qh4+ Kg7 21. Qg5+ Kh8 22. Qh6+ Kg8
23. Re5) 16. Qh3 {The winning move - although it appears that White has been
playing a long string of winning moves.  The pressure is now redoubled on the
h-pawn, which White threatens to win either by 17 Bxf7 followed by 18 Qxh7+ or
simply by taking it at once with the bishop, as Black's pinned knight dare not
recapture, and his king may not take the bishop.  How does Black defend
himself against White's threats?  If 16...h6, then 17 Bxh6 gxh6 18 Qxh6 Qf8 
(otherwise 19 Re5 will lead to mate) 19 Qxf6, when White two pawns up, wins
easily.  If 16...g6 (saving the h-pawn but depriving the knight of any real
support), White wins by 17 Qh4 Kg7 18 Re4!, followed by 19 Rf4, and the rook
too hits out at the helpless knight.  If 16...e5 (uncovering an attack on the
queen), then 17 Bxf6 Bxh3 (or 17...Qxf6 18 Qxd7, and White wins a piece) 18
Bxe7 and White is a piece ahead.  Finnally, after 16...c5 17 Bxh7+ Kf8 18 Be4 
(threatening a devastating check at h8) 18...Kg8, Black is a pawn down and
still on the defensive.  All these variations are pleasant - especially if you
are on the winning side!} Qd6 {Hoping that 17 Bxf6 gxf6 18 Qxh7+, winning a
pawn, will appease White} (16... h6 17. Bxh6 gxh6 18. Qxh6 Qf8 19. Qxf6) (16...
g6 17. Qh4 Kg7 18. Re4 -- 19. Rf4) (16... e5 17. Bxf6 Bxh3 18. Bxe7 Rxe7 19.
gxh3) (16... c5 17. Bxh7+ Kf8 18. Be4 Kg8) 17. Bxf6 {White removes the only
defender in the neighborhood of the Black king and ...} gxf6 {uproots the
g-pawn, exposing the king.} 18. Qh6 {Holding the king fast!  The idea is to
keep him from escaping by way of f8 while facing him with deadly threats.  The
modus operandi after the text move is 19 Bxh7+! Kh8 20 Bg6+ Kg8 21 Qh7 Kf8 22
Qxf7#.  If you can play this sort of move (Qh6), you are a cut above the
average player.  Most young players (in a chess sense) have a tendency to try
checking the king to death only to find after something like 18 Qxh7+ Kf8 19
Qh8+ Ke7 that the king has escapted and the attack is exhausted.  What is
worse is that White's queen and d-pawn are threatened, and that saving both by
20 Qh4 lets Black respond with 20...Rh8 and suddenly White is thrown on the
defensive!} f5 {Intercepting the bishops line of attack.} 19. Re3 {Obviously
threatening check at g3, which would force Black to give up his queen in order
to avoid instant mate.  Notice how the occupation of the partly open e-file by
the rook enables the convenient use of e3 as a transfer point, allowing the
rook to switch over to the open files on the kingside.} Qxd4 {Guarding the
g7-square, so that after 20 Rg3+ Kh8, White has no check there with his queen.
If instead 19...f6, to try escaping with the king, then 20 Rg3+ Kf7 21 Qg7#. 
Or if 19...Kh8, then 20 Rh3 forces 20...Kg8, when Rg3+ is fatal.} (19... f6 20.
Rg3+ Kf7 21. Qg7#) (19... Kh8 20. Rh3 Kg8 21. Rg3+ Kh8 22. Qg7#) 20. c3 {A
beautiful coup de repos!  Black is helpless: his queen dare not leave the
diagonal leading to g7, and 20...Qg7 21 Rg3 pins the queen, while 20...Qh8
succombs to 21 Rg3+ and the poor king's only flight squar eis occupied by his
queen!    This game was awarded a brilliancy price.} Qg7 (20... Qh8 21. Rg3+
Qg7 22. Qxg7#) 21. Rg3 1-0

[Event "Logical Chess, Move By Move #15"]
[Site "Vienna (Simul) AUT"]
[Date "1936"]
[Round "15"]
[White "Alekhine"]
[Black "Poindle"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "C67"]
[Annotator "Irving Chernev"]
[PlyCount "63"]
[EventDate "1936"]

1. e4 {With his first move, White gets a foothold in the center and enables
the development of his kingside pieces.} e5 2. Nf3 {The knight posted without
dealy on its most effective square in the opening. The move is ideal, as the
knight develops with a threat. This limits the opponent's choice of replies,
since he must do something to meet the threat before going about his business.}
({Black must also establish a pawn in the center, while preventing 2 d4 from
being played. What if White does continue 2 d4?} 2. d4 exd4 3. Qxd4 Nc6 4. Qe3
Nf6 5. Nc3 Bb4 {Black has three pieces in play with easy development. It is
true that White has a pawn in the center, but it will need constant care, and
his queen meanwhile has lost valuable time. In short, after 1...e5 White may
respond 2 d4 but not to advantage.}) 2... Nc6 {The best way to protect the
pawn. The knight's development is natural, and no time is lost meeting the
threat.} 3. Bb5 {The strongest move on the board here, this characterizes the
Ruy Lopez, the most powerful of kingside openings. As Reuben Fine puts it,
"One reason why the Ruy Lopez is so strong is that the most natural sequence
of moves leads to an ideal position for White."} Nf6 {Black brings his
g8-knight out toward the center with an attack on the e4-pawn. Laskert favored
the knight's development at this point, but modern theory inclides to
interpolating 3...a6 first, to make the bishop declare its intentions, and in
any case to dislodge it from its fine position.} 4. O-O {Very much to the
point: the king is whisked away info safety while the h1 rook is activated.}
Nxe4 {Should Black capture this pawn? Lasker's view was: "When you are
concious not to have violated the rules laid down, you should accept the
sacrifice of an important central pawn. If you do not, as a rule, the pawn
which you have rejected will become very troublesome to you."} 5. d4 {This is
stonger than 5 Re1. Black's e-pawn is doubly attacked, while lines are opened
up for White's queen and dark squared bishop.} Nd6 {Puts the question to the
bishop, which apparently must capture the knight or retreat. An alternative
course was 5...Be7, developing another piece instead of moving the same one
twice. Black must not waste time holding on to the extra pawn but should
continue bringing pieces into play.} 6. dxe5 {Initiating an attack which is
troublesome to meet. White temporarily offers a piece, but he can be sure of
regaining it quickly. This is superior to the less dynamic 6 Ba4, which gives
Black time to reply 6...e4 with good counterplay.} Nxb5 {The knight's
excursion has cost Black valuable time, as the knight has made four moves to
capture a bishop that has only moved once.} 7. a4 {White attacks the knight at
once to recover the piece he lost.} Nd6 {A fifth move by the same knight!
White will surely have a strong attack in return for the pawn he intends to
sacrifice.} ({Black should have played} 7... Nbd4 8. Nxd4 Nxd4 9. Qxd4 {a
better way of returning the piece as it frees his bishops.}) 8. exd6 {White's
first dividend comes in the form of an open center file leading straight to
Black's king!} Bxd6 {Not a happy recapture, as the d-pawn is blocked, but
certainly better than taking with the pawn, when Black's position is even more
awkward.} 9. Ng5 {This move is superior to the natural 9 Re1+. It is, as we
shall see, both energetic and subtle. One finesse is directed against Black's
castlings. Afer 9...O-O, White would play 10 Qd3 threatening 11 Qxh7#. Black
would be forced to replay 10...g6 (not 10...f5 11 Qd5+ Kh8 12 Nf7+ winning the
exchange) and weaken the defensive formation of pawns. Once the line of pawns
is disturbed, the king is vulnerable to direct attack.} Be7 {An interesting
move. In its retreat, the bishop not only attacks the knight but also manages
to unblock the d-pawn. Black hopes either to force the knight to leave or to
bring about an exchange of pieces, ridding himself of the attacking knight.} (
9... O-O 10. Qd3 (10. Qh5 h6) 10... g6) 10. Qh5 {En avant! The obvious threat
of mate camouflages the real purpose of this move.    White's last two moves
are those of a beginner - or perhaps of a great master!  The knight has moved
twice to assist the queen in an attack, which the books say is premature,
since White's development is not complete.  Why does Alekhine violate
elementary opening principals?    The reason he does so is that routine
development ('You get your pieces out quietly and I'll do the same with mine')
would give Black time to reorganize his position.  Black has committed some
indiscretions (such as moving one knight five times in the opening!), and the
way to punish these lapses is to keep him occupied - face him with problems at
every point and give him no time to recover.  If it requires unconventional
moves to force weaknesses in his position, they play these unorthodox moves! 
Moves are good or bad by one standard only - their effect on the position at
hand.} g6 {What other choice was there.} ({If Black castles in order to avoid
Qhf7#, he falls into} 10... O-O 11. Qxh7#) ({Or if he exchanges by} 10... Bxg5
11. Bxg5 Ne7 12. Re1 {wins a piece - as a start!}) 11. Qh6 {White anchors on
this square, which is no longer guarded by Black's g-pawn, as the first step
in controlling the dark squares.    White now threatens to penetrate further
into the heart of the position by 12 Qg7, attacking the rook.  This would
force 12...Rf8 in reply, when 13 Nxh7 wins the exchange, a rook for a knight.}
Bf8 {Not only must further invastion be prevented, but the queen must be
driven back.  Black has little choice, as castling is against the law, while
11...Bxg5 loses} (11... -- 12. Qg7 Rf8 13. Nxh7) (11... Bxg5 12. Bxg5 f6 13.
Qg7 Rf8 14. Re1+ Ne7 15. Bh6 Rf7 16. Qg8+ Rf8 17. Qxf8#) 12. Re1+ {Forcing
Black to tie himself up in knots.} Ne7 {At this point, in spite of White's
disregard of conventional methods of development, he has three pieces in
active play, while Black has none!  Black does have one piece off the first
rank, but it is held fast by a pin and unable to move.} ({Certainly not} 12...
Be7 13. Qg7 Rf8 14. Nxh7 d5 15. Nf6#) 13. Ne4 {Threatening to deliver mate on
the move!} f5 {The only move to stay on the board!} ({If Black continues} 13...
Bxh6 {White wins by} 14. Nf6+ Kf8 15. Bxh6#) ({Or if} 13... Nf5 {with a double
attack on the queen, White retaliates with} 14. Nf6# {double check and mate!})
14. Nf6+ {One way to get at the king is to make him come out into the open.}
Kf7 {Moving the king forfeits the privilege of castling, but unfortunately
it's Black's only move.} 15. Qh4 {White's queen and knight were both attacked,
so the queen moves where she protects the knight.} Bg7 {Now threatening 16...
Bxf6.  The alternative attack by 15...Ng8 pins the knight and strikes at it
with two pieces, but is refuted by 16 Qc4+ Kxf6 (or 16 ...Kg7 17 Ne8+ and
Black must give up his queen) 17 Qh4+ and White wins the queen.} (15... Ng8 16.
Qc4+ Kxf6 (16... Kg7 17. Ne8+) 17. Qh4+) 16. Bg5 {Protecting the knight which
had not flight square.} h6 {Threatening the knight again by hitting out at one
of its defenders.} ({If} 16... Ng8 {instead, White has a pretty combination in}
17. Nxg8 (17. Qc4+ d5 18. Nxd5 Qxg5 19. Nxc7+ Kf6 20. Ne8#) 17... Qxg8 18. Re7+
Kf8 19. Bh6 -- {followed by} 20. Qf6+ {forcing mate.}) 17. Qc4+ {A happy
diversion, as the check compels the opponent to drop everything and save his
king.} Kf8 ({Practically forced, as} 17... d5 18. Nxd5 Qxd5 19. Rxe7+ {costs
Black his queen.}) 18. Rxe7 {The hallmark of an Alekhine combination is the
king at the end of a series of apparently innocuous moves.  White's threat is
obvious: mate on the move.} Qxe7 {On 18...Kxe7, the only other way of
preventing mate at f7, White replies 19 Nd5++, and wins the queen next move.} (
18... Kxe7 19. Nd5+) 19. Nh7+ {Direct attack on the king and discovered attack
on the queen.} Rxh7 {Black takes all the material he can get for his queen.}
20. Bxe7+ {The point of the combination: in return for his rook and bishop,
White gets a queen - and a lasting initiative!} Kxe7 {Black must take the
bishop.} 21. Qxc7 {The text move is good enough.  The queen remains active
while Black's queenside is immobilized.} ({White could win more easily by} 21.
Qg8 Kf6 22. Qxh7 Kf7 23. Nc3 d5 24. Re1 -- 25. Re7+) 21... Bxb2 {Black makes
trouble.  He takes a pawn and attacks the rook.} 22. Ra2 {The rook steps aside
nimble and turns on his attacker.} Bf6 {The bishop retreats to (comparative)
safety.} 23. c4 {Clears the way for the rook, which now can get to the open
e-file - and the king!} Kf7 {The king flees from the line of fire.  Black
hopes to free himself by 24...Rh8 and 25...Bd8, driving the queen off,
followed by the advance of his d-pawn to release his queenside pieces.} 24. Re2
{White seizes the open file.  Controlling it gives the rook a clear road and
access to the enemy camp.} Rh8 {Black intends either to evict the queen by 25..
.Bd8 or to dispute ownership of the e-file by 25...Re8.} 25. Qd6 {Nailing down
the d-pawn and paralysing Black's forces on the queenside.} a5 {Black's idea
is to follow up with 26...Ra6, dislodging the queen and getting his queenside
pieces rolling.} (25... Re8 26. Rxe8 Kxe8 27. Qxf6) (25... b6 26. Qd5+) 26. Nc3
{Excellent!  White brings another piece up to join in the attack.  Notice how
the master player selects the move he would like to make, sees that it can't
be made (here the knight is left en prise) and then makes the move!} Ra6 ({
Black does not grab the knight with} 26... Bxc3 {as White mates by} 27. Re7+
Kf8 (27... Kg8 28. Qxg6+) 28. Rxd7+ Kg8 29. Qd5+ Kf8 30. Qf7#) 27. Qd5+ {
White's queen must retreat from the rook's attack, but she gains time by
checking.} Kg7 ({Or} 27... Kf8 28. Nb5 {threatening 29 Nd6} Re6 29. Rxe6 dxe6
30. Qc5+ Kg7 31. Qc7+ {and a bishop falls with check.}) 28. Nb5 {Ready to
switch over to d6 in order to support the queen in a mate threat at f7.} Re6 {
Otherwise the knight goes to d6 and cuts the rook off from participating in
the defense.} 29. Nd6 {The knight goes there anyway, settling down on this
fine outpost where it will etierh take a hand in a decisive combination or
simply stay there and choke Black to death.} Rd8 {Naturally as} (29... Rxe2 30.
Qf7# {would come in a flash.}) 30. Kf1 {White protects the rook and declares
his intention of winning by} -- 31. Nxc8 Rxc8 32. Qxd7+ {There is no fight
left.} 1-0

[Event "Logical Chess, Move By Move #16"]
[Site "Nuremberg GER"]
[Date "1889"]
[Round "16"]
[White "Tarrasch"]
[Black "Kurschner"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "D20"]
[Annotator "Irving Chernev"]
[PlyCount "43"]
[EventDate "1889"]

1. d4 {One of the merits of beginning a game with 1 d4 is that the pawn
standing in the center is protected. It is safe from attack, whereas in
openings starting with 1 e4, the e-pawn is more vulnerable. In queen's pawn
openings, with the queen firmly backing up the center pawn, White dictates the
tempo. He has the initiative and keeps it for a long time against any defence,
any line of play that Black may select. Right from the start, White is given
the opportunity to build up his position, with little danger of bing bothered
by a counterattack, whiel Black struggles to achieve equality. If Black plays
timidly - if he fails to dispute the center by ...c5 at some state - his
queenside pieces, especially the c8-bishop, will be badly cramped and unable
to develop decent activity. If he develops carelessly - moving the same piece
several times in the opening or bringing his bishops out before the knights -
punishment will come swiftly. The purpose of chess bing to win, not to
entertain the gallery with pretty picture on the chessboard, it is no wonder
that may players prefer the 'dull, safe Queen's Gambit' to the romantic but
risky adventures of the kingside gambits. I venture to say (and this opinion
has forty years of research behind it) that the queen's pawn openings have
contributed as many masterpieces and as many genuine brilliancies as did any
of the kingside openings.} d5 {This is the way for Black to stabilize the
pressure in the center. Each side now has a pawn firmly stationed in the
middle of the board, occupying one square and attacking two others; each side
has released two pieces for action.} 2. c4 {The object of this move is to
destroy Black's pawn-center. First, White offers a pawn to induce Black to
surrender the center. If that does not work, White threatens to disolve it by 
(see variation 3. cxd5)} dxc4 {Black's idea with this capture is to avoid the
constricted positions that are normally his lot in the Queen's Gambit Declined,
but in doing so he has given up a beautifully centralized pawn for a less
central one. Accepting the gambit is perfectly sound, but the resulting play
requires great care on Black's part. Above all, he must not hold on to the
extra pawn for too long.} (2... -- 3. cxd5 Qxd5 4. Nc3 Qa5 5. e4 {and White
controls most of the center.}) 3. e3 {A good move, but more to the point is 3
Nf3 to prevent the counterthrust 3...e5. White plays to release his
lightsquare bishop and recover the pawn at once.} Bf5 {By this, Black hopes to
solve the problem of the shut-in c8-bishop, one of the evils the defence is
heir to. However, the solution is not so simple! The bishop's absence from the
queenside weakens that section of the board and leaves the b-pawn vulnerable.
Another drawback in Black's move is that it violates one of the precepts for
sound development: BRING OUT YOUR KNIGHTS BEFORE THE BISHOPS! Instead of the
text move, Black's best bet is in counterattack:} (3... e5 4. Bxc4 (4. dxe5
Qxd1+ 5. Kxd1 Be6) 4... exd4 5. exd4 Bb4+ {Attempting to hold on to the extra
pawn might lead Black into one of the traps prepared for the greedy}) (3... b5
4. a4 c6 5. axb5 cxb5 6. Qf3 {and White wins a piece}) 4. Bxc4 {The recovery
of the pawn equalizes the material, but White's position is slightly superior.}
e6 {A pawn move that contributes to the development of a piece, in this case
the f8-bishop, is always in order. Developing one of the knights first is
somewhat risky. For instance,} (4... Nf6 5. Qb3 {threatens to win a pawn by} --
6. Qxb7 (6. Bxf7+)) (4... Nc6 5. Qb3 Na5 6. Bxf7+ Kd7 7. Qd5+ Kc8 8. Qxf5+ Kb8
9. Qxa5 {and White wins two pieces. Even at this early stage White is
directing events.}) 5. Qb3 {Why does White move his queen instead of getting
his knights out? His purpose is to punish Black for faulty development.
Black's play has not been normal procedure, and they way to take advantage of
his sins is not with routine moves. White's move, developing a piece with a
threat (6 Qxb7) keeps Black on the run. It does not give him time to
consolidate his position.} Be4 {This looks attractive, since Black protects
his b-pawn, and at the same time threatens to play 6...Bxg2, winning a rook.
Black's move, however, is abnormal and a serious infraction of the opening
priciple which states: MOVE EACH PIECE ONLY ONCE IN THE OPENING; PLACE IT AT
ONCE ON THE SQUARE WHERE IT EXERTS MOST POWER AND WHERE IT HAS THE GREATEST
FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT.} 6. f3 {This move is justified on more than one count.
Not only does it parry a threat in an economical way, but it also forces Black
to lose a move in the retreat of his bishop. Incidentally, the pawn at f3 will
firmly support a later advance of the e3-pawn.} Bc6 {Now we see the results of
the bishop's ill-timed expedition. It stands at c6, depriving the b8-knight of
its natural square of development in the opening. Worse yet, it obstructs the
c-pawn. If this pawn cannot get to c5 to dispute control of the center and to
open the c-file for Black's pieces, there is a danger that Black will be
smothered.} 7. Ne2 {"But the knight belongs on f3!" you must be protesting. So
it does, but if it cannot develop at f3, get it into the game somehow! Move it,
if only to get it off the back rank! Of course, the same comment applies to
the other three knights, too. White is ready to castle and get the h1-rook
working.} Nf6 {At last a normal, reasonable developing move to which no
exception can be taken! In nearly every variation of every opening, the king's
knight does its job most effectively at f6 (or f3 for White).} 8. e4 {This
move has a threefold purpose: 1) to control the center, by occupying it with
pawns; 2) to clear a path for the development of his c1-bishop; 3) to limit
further the activities of Black's c6-bishop.} Be7 {The only square open to the
bishop. If instead} (8... Bd6 {the reply} 9. e5 {wins a piece for White.}) 9.
Nbc3 {Bringing another piece into play with gain of tempo. The threat is 10.
d5 exd5 11. exd5 Bd7 12 Qxb7, and White wins a piece.} Qc8 {Black must guard
the b-pawn and put aside any thought of castling for a while.} 10. d5 {In
order to drive the bishop back to the second rank.} exd5 {This exchange of
pawns is inferior to simply retreating the bishop. The opening up of lines
favors the side that is better developed, and in this case White will benefit.}
11. exd5 {This recapture opens the e-file for the use of White's major pieces
and compels Black's bishop on c6 to retreat.} Bd7 {Anything else loses
material. Before making his next move, White must decide whether to continue
bringing pieces into play or to try exploiting his present lead in development.
Thus, he pauses to take stock before committinghimself to a definite course of
action. He has a pawn stationed at d5, which at first glance is doing an
excellent job. It prevents Black's b8-knight from developing at c6, keeps the
d7-bishop from coming to e6, and restrains the f6-knight. The pawn does this
single-handed, but at a price! In standing at d5 it occupies a square that
should be reserved for pieces. Pieces have more mobility than pawns and can
attack more readily. Pieces can utilize d5 as a jumping-off square, a point of
departure to any part of the board. In fact, the wretched pawn does a
disservice in obstructing the diagonal of the bishop and the supporting queen
and takes up room on a file which should be open! Better that the d5-square be
vacant than that a pawn block traffic there! (And in this last sentence, as we
shall see, is the key to White's problem). What about Black's prospects! With
the exception of the f6-knight, his pieces are confined to the first two ranks.
His position is a bit crowded, but if he gets a chance to castle and
reorganize his forces, it will be hard to subdue him. White must not allow him
time to do this. WHITE MUST NOT DAWDLE!} 12. d6 {This energetic thrust opens
the diagonal leading to Black's tender spot, the f7-pawn, clears the d-file
for later exploitation by a rook, and vacates the strategically important
d5-square for the use of a piece. Meanwhile, the attack on Black's bishop
leaves him no time to breath!} Bxd6 {Better than 12...cxd6 hemming the bishop
in.} 13. Bxf7+ {This will smoke the king out! Once the king moves and loses
the privilege of castling, he stands on insecure ground to the end of his days
(which may not be far off).} Kd8 {Black prefers ths to 13...Kf8 imprisoning
the h8-rook.} 14. Bg5 {This pin paralyses Black's most useful piece. Meanwhile
- and this sums up th emiserable state of his game - Black's mighty queen is
smothered by his own pieces.} Nc6 {Black's idea is to develop a piece and give
the queen and a8-rook freedom to move - if only to the next square! It is hard
to suggest a better move, as every move is inadequate in a losing position.
Black might have ventured on a more active defence, such as The formula in
such cases is: IN A CRAMPED POSITION TRY TO RELIEVE THE PRESSURE BY FORCING
EXCHANGES OF PIECES.} (14... Be8 15. -- Rf8 16. -- Qd7 {he must try to beat
back White's attacking pieces or get rid of them by exchanges.} (16... Qf5))
15. Ne4 {White puts more strain on the pinned knight. The threat (and there
always is a threat when a pinned piece is attacked more than once) is 16 Nxf6
gxf6 17 Bxf6+ and White wins a rook.} Be7 {Protecting the knight once again,
and at the same time unpinning it.  This is a better defence than} (15... Be5 {
which helps guard the knight but does nothing to relieve the pin.  In such
situations, the extra defender itself may be on shaky ground and apt to be
disturbed.  For instance, after Be5} 16. f4 Bd4 17. Nxd4 {removing one of the
knight's protectors} Nxd4 18. Qc3 {Black is embarrassed for a plausible
continuation.}) 16. Bxf6 {White does well to remove this rock of defense.} gxf6
{Black takes with the pawn, as he wants to keep both his bishops.  With his
king so well sheltered by pieces, it looks difficult to penetrate Black's
barricades.} 17. O-O-O {Much more energetic than castling on the other side. 
White's king is somewhat exposed, but as compensation his a1-rook has an
instant and powerful grip on the open d-file, putting particular pressure on
the unfortunate bishop, which now is pinned.  The manuver of castling on the
queenside gains a tempo for the attack, while White's king is in little danger,
since Black's development is so backward.  White threatens 18 Be6 or 18 Qe6,
either of which add pressure to the pin.} Ne5 {Not only to help the bishop but
also to play 18...Nxf7, removing one of his tormentors.} 18. Nf4 {Threatening
sudden death by Ne6#} Qb8 {An unhappy situation for Black's queen, but the
king needs a flight square.    What else is there?} ({If} 18... Bf8 {to free
the e7-square for the king, then} 19. Qe6 {threatening Qe8#} Be7 20. Qxe5 fxe5
21. Ne6# {mates neatly}) 19. Qe6 {With the queen's entrance into the enemy
camp, the attack gains momentum.  White plans a win by 20 Nxf6 (striking once
more a the hapless bishop and threatening 21 Rxd7+ and quick mate) 20... Bxf6
21 Qxf6+ Kc8 22 Qxh8+ and mate next move.} Rf8 {Hoping to scare off the bishop,
when his f-pawn would be protected by the rook. The alternative 19 ...Qc8 runs
into 20 Qxe5 and the previous win.} (19... -- 20. Nxf6 Bxf6 21. Qxf6+ Kc8 22.
Qxh8+ Be8 23. Qxe8#) 20. Nxf6 {Isn't it remarkable how threat are summoned up
as if by magic against a piece that is pinned?} Bd6 {Interfering with the
rook's action on the open file and thereby threatening to take the queen. 
Other defenses promise no favorable results.} (20... Rxf7 21. Rxd7+ {and mate
in two.}) (20... Bxf6 21. Qxf6+ Kc8 22. Qxe5 Rxf7 23. Qh8+ Be8 24. Qxe8#) (
20... Qc8 21. Qxe5 Rxf7 22. Ne6#) {With the text movd, Black unpins his
d7-bishop, guards the e5-knight, attacks the queen and threatens the f7-bishop.
} 21. Nxd7 {This one hurts a bit.  The knight captures one piece and attacks
three others.} Nxd7 {Black recaptures and disposes of a troublesome piece.} 22.
Rhe1 {The doubling of heavy pieces on the open e-file, with the consequent
threat of 23 Qe8+ Rxe8 24 Rxe8# is enough to break anyone's spirit.    Black
resigns.    The c-pawn cannot move to give the king room because of the reply 
23 Rxd6, and if 22...Nc5, then 23 Qe7+ Kc8 24 Qxf8+ Bxf8 25 Re8# is the
finishing touch.} 1-0

[Event "Logical Chess, Move by Move #17"]
[Site "Hastings ENG"]
[Date "1895"]
[Round "17"]
[White "Pillsbury"]
[Black "Mason"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "D53"]
[Annotator "Irving Chernev"]
[PlyCount "71"]
[EventDate "1895"]

1. d4 {White opens with one of the strongest possible first moves: - The
d-pawn occupies an important square in the center and attacks two valuable
points, e5 and c5. - Control of these squares keeps the opponent from making
use of them for his pieces. - The queen and dark-squared bishop can now leave
the first rank. - The king is safe from some of the surprise attacks that
occur in king's pawn openings. These come about when Black develops his
f8-bishop at c5 and sacrifices it for White's f2-pawn to force the king out
into the open and subject him to assault by the other pieces.} d5 {Black
equalizes the pressure in the center, prevents White from continuing with 2 e4,
and also releases two of his pieces for action.} 2. c4 {This is a threat and
offer! The threat, a positional one, is 3 cxd5, when after the recaptured 3...
Qxd5, 4 Nc3 drives the queen off and leaves White dominating the center. The
offer of a pawn has as its purpose the removal of Black's d-pawn from its fine
position in the center. This offer, unlike the one in the King's Gambit,
involves no risk. White regains the pawn easily and retains an advantage. It
is in effect an exchange of a flank pawn for Black's center pawn. The piont of
playing 2 c4 so soon is that IT DISPUTES THE CENTER AT ONCE, WITHOUT
ENDANGERING THE SAFETY OF THE KING. There is also another purpose - a
strategic one. An exchange of pawns must come, sooner or later, resulting in
the opening of the c-file. OWNERSHIP OF THIS FILE IS OF PARAMOUNT IMPORTANCE
IN THE QUEEN'S GAMBIT. White generally tries to get full possession of it by
posting his queen at c2, and developing his queen's rook at c1. Control of
this file and of the c5-square on this file is equivalent to control of the
game. Of such peculiar significance is this c5-square that it is almost enough
to simply plan a piece securely there to get a paralysing grip on Black's game.
} e6 {Black defends the center pawn by supporting it with another pawn. He
does not care to captured by 2...dxc4 as that means surrendering the center to
gain a pawn which he cannot hold on to. White in reply to this, would play 3
Nf3 (to prevent 3...e5), follow up with 4. e3, and then get the pawn back by 5.
Bxc4, with a central superiority. Defending the d-pawn by 2...Nf6 is weak.
White would play in response 3. cxd5, AND BLACK WOULD HAVE TO RECAPTURE WITH A
PIECE. On 3...Qxd5, 4. Nc3 banishes the queen from the canter and costs Black
time, while 3...Nxd5 lets White seize the center with 4. e4 and evict the
knight in the process. After the actual move, Black is set up to meet 3. cxd5
by 3...exd5, keeping his hold on the center by maintaining a pawn there.} (2...
dxc4 3. Nf3 -- 4. e3 -- 5. Bxc4) (2... Nf6 3. cxd5 Qxd5 (3... Nxd5 4. e4) 4.
Nc3) 3. Nc3 {This is a commendable developing move, as it settles a minor
piece on its most suitable square without loss of time. The knight bears down
on the e4-square and adds its pressure to that of the c-pawn in the attack on
d5.} Nf6 {This knight carries out his part of Black's opening strategy by
simply leaving the back rank. Naturally, his development is toward the center,
where he counteracts the influence of White's knight on two of the important
squares there.} 4. Bg5 {A highly efficient move as it combines rapid
development of a piece with a threat. This latter consists of 5. cxd5 exd5 6.
Bxf6 gxf6 (or 6...Qxf6 7. Nxd5, and White wins a pawn) and Black's kingside
pawn position is shattered. The opening thus far had been given sporadic
earlier trials by various players, but Pillsbury was the first to appreciate
its enormous winning possibilities. He pictured the bishop move (most masters
brought the bishop quietly into the game at f4) as a sort of Ruy Lopez on the
other side of the board! With this particular sequence of moves, which he
perfected and popularized, he achieved some remarkable victories, notably in
his debut at the Hastings 1895 tournament. In this game, we see him applying
the great power of the Queen's Gambit to crush an opponent who is not familiar
with its fine points and who puts up less than a flawless defence. He beats
Mason 'like a child', as Marshall used to express it.} Be7 {If nothing else,
the development of the bishop ANYWHERE furthers Black's progress, as the decks
are cleared for kingside castling. At e7, the bishop is happily placed for
defence, and, if th eneed arises, can be transferred quickly to a more
aggressive position. Incidentally, the knight is unpinned and White's threat
nullified.} (4... -- 5. cxd5 exd5 6. Bxf6 gxf6 (6... Qxf6 7. Nxd5)) 5. Nf3 {In
queen's pawn openings the king's knight's job is the control and sometimes the
occupation of the outpost e5. In fact, entrenching the knight at this square
and supporting it solidly with the d-pawn and the f-pawn is the motif of what
later came to be known as the Pillsbury Attack, a tremendously effective
assault on the kingside.} b6 {At first glance, this seems to be a simple and
natural way to develop the c8-bishop, as it is hemmed in on the other side by
the e-pawn. It took many years, and a great many losses by Black, to discover
than an early fianchetto of the biship was not an easy solution to the problem
of the bishop's development. After a great deal of trial and error, a
reasonable defence was hit upon, which consisted of playing ... dxc4 at an
early stage, followed after suitable preparation by an attack on White's
d-pawn by ...c5 or ...e5. The first of these moves (...c5) is intended to
dispute control of the center, open the c-file for the use of Black's pieces
and in general free his cramped position. The attack by ...e5 is meant to take
away the control of e5 from White's d-pawn, and to open a diagonal for Black's
c8-bishop. In short, Black first puts up a fight for the center before he
thinks of developing the bishop. It is almost vital importance that Black play
...c5 sooner or later. This move strikes at White's d-pawn, establishes
tension in the center, opens the c-file for his own major pieces and frees the
crowded position on the queenside. Failure to make this move permits White to
seize control of the c-file and the c5-square. Should White manage to post a
piece on that square, it will exert terrific pressure on Black's entire
position, and this one factor alone may be enough to cause Black's downfall.}
6. e3 {White strengthens his center and clears a path for his f1-bishop.} Bb7 {
Black completes the fianchetto development of the c8-bishop.} 7. Rc1 {The rook
hurries over to the important c-file. This is only partly open now, but an
exchange of pawns will clear the file and accentuate the rook's power along
its whole length.} dxc4 {Black usually waits until White moves his f1-bishop
before making this capture, as then the bishop loses a move in recapturing.
Apparently Black is anxious to give his b7-bishop more scope on the long
central diagonal.} 8. Bxc4 {White recaptures the pawn and gets another piece
into play.} Nbd7 {This disposition of the knight is characteristic in queen's
pawn openings. The knight must not go to c6, blocking the c-pawn. THE PAWN
MUST BE FREE TO ADVANCE AND CHALLENGE THE CENTER. At d7, the knight is
situated ideally: it supports an advance by ... c5 or ...e5, attacking the
center, it participates in the fight for possession of these squares, and it
cooperates with the knight on f6.} 9. O-O {The king disappears from the scene
while the rook is made available for duty.} O-O {The advantage of castling is
that the king is safer in the corner, where he is sheltered by three pawns and
a stalwart knight, than in the center of the board, while the rook is brought
toward the center files in the most convenient way possible.} 10. Qe2 {The two
most effective squares that White's queen can occupy in this opening are e2
and c2. At c2, the queen supplements the rooks action in exploiting the c-file,
while in another direction guards the strategically important e4-square from
invasion by Black's f6-knight. At e2, the queen prevents Black from breaking
up the kingside pawn position by 10. ..Bxf3, supports an advance of the e-pawn
which would monopolize the center, and clears the way for the f1-rook to reach
d1. Developing the queen to e2 offers another advantage: attack on the
queenside. By playing 11 Ba6, White can force an exchange of bishops and then
bring pressure to bear on Black's light squares, weakened by the removal of
the bishop controlling those squares.} Nd5 {Black's purpose in this is to free
his cramped position by bringing about an exchange or two.} 11. Bxe7 {White is
willing to simplify by clearing away some pieces, as he can then return to his
theme of exerting painful pressure on the c-file. The alternative, retreat by
11. Bf4, offers Black a choice of too many good continuations. He could play
11...Nxf4 (leaving himself with the two bishops) 12 exf4 Nf6 followed by 13...
Nd5, keeping a piece permanently on a square where no enemy pawns could
dislodge it, or Black might attack the center at once with 11...c5. Finally,
he could swing the d7-knight over to f6 with a respectable game. White's
actual move has the merit of restricting Black's choice of reply.} (11. Bf4
Nxf4 (11... c5 12. -- N7f6) 12. exf4 Nf6 13. -- Nd5) 11... Qxe7 {This is
preferable to capturing by 11...Nxe7 as Black gets his queen into play and
unites his rooks. Naturally, he cannot go in for 11...Nxc3 12 Bxd8 Nxe2+ 13
Bxe2 Rfxd8 14 Rxc7 (triumph of the rook on the open file) as it loses a pawn
and the game.} (11... Nxe7) (11... Nxc3 12. Bxd8 Nxe2+ 13. Bxe2 Rfxd8 14. Rxc7)
12. Nxd5 {This time the knight exchange suits White, who now can dictate the
course of events.} exd5 {Forces as In forcing Black to take with the pawn,
White has compelled the closing of the long diagonal, so that Black's bishop
is now terribly limited in scope.} (12... Bxd5 13. Bxd5 exd5 14. Rxc7 {costs a
pawn}) 13. Bb5 {Presto! The file is suddenly open, and the c-file action
begins with the rook's attack on the c7-pawn.} Qd6 {Black guards the pawn and
prepares to dislodge White's bishop by 14...c6 It is already too late to
advance the pawn to c5 as after 13...c5 (seemingly a safe move as the pawn is
triply defended and only twice attacked) 14 Bxd7 Qxd7 (note how White disposes
of two of the defenders with one stroke) 15. dxc5 bxc5 16 Rxc5 White wins a
pawn.} (13... c5 14. Bxd7 Qxd7 15. dxc5 bxc5 16. Rxc5) 14. Rc2 {White makes
room for the other rook at c1, to add to the pressure. THE DEVICE OF DOUBLING
ROOKS ON AN OPEN FILE MORE THAN DOUBLES THEIR STRENGTH ON THAT FILE.} c6 {
Black tires to evict the annoying bishop.} 15. Bd3 {This is much stronger than
15 Ba4, when Black gets some troublesome counterplay by 15...b5 16 Bb3 a5 
(threatening to win the bishop by 17 ...a4) 17 a3 Nb6, and the knight settles
itself firmly at c4.} (15. Ba4 b5 16. Bb3 a5 17. a3 Nb6 18. -- Nc4) 15... Nf6 {
Blissfully unconcious of the impending danger, Black goes about his business,
which in this case consists of bringing the knight over to attack, and perhaps
to occupy e4. Ordinarily, this is commendable procedures, but all strategy
must be conditioned by the circumstances, the position at hand. All moves must
be made with respect to the threats of the opponent, not to arbitrary
judgements which declare that certain moves are always 'good' or 'bad'. ALL
MOVES MUST BE MEASURED BY THEIR WORTH IN THE PARTICULAR POSITION BEING PLAYED.
White has declared his intention of piling up as much pressure as possible on
the c-file and on the c6-pawn. Black must meet that threat by bringing all his
resources to bear for defence of the file, or institute a counterattack
vigorous enough to divert White's forces from the assault. Black must do
something to resolve his immediate difficulties, and he must do it at once,
before his opponent gets a death grip on the open file. With his last move,
Black misses a golden opportunity - his last chance to play 15...c5, establish
a state of tension in the center, and give his pieces more room to move around
in.} 16. Rfc1 {This fixes Black's c-pawn by preventing it from moving; if 16...
c5, then 17 dxc5 bxc5 18. Rxc5 and White wins a pawn.} Rac8 {Rushing to the
defence of the c-pawn and renewing (not that Black realizes his peril) the
possibility of pushing the pawn.} 17. Ba6 {Very fine strategy! White wants to
remove Black's bishop, since minor pieces are excellent defenders of pawns
that are attacked by the heavy pieces. White's rooks could never seriously
threaten the c-pawn while the bishop protected it.} Bxa6 {Was there anything
else Black could have done? If} (17... Rc7 {White wins by} 18. Bxb7 Rxb7 19.
Rxc6 {or if}) (17... Qc7 {then} 18. b4 {further restrains the pawn, after
which White intensifies the pressure by} -- 19. Ne5 {simplifies by exchanging
bishops and then takes the pawn off.}) 18. Qxa6 {The queen comes closer,
attacking not only the a-pawn directly, but also the c-pawn indirectly by the
threat 19. Qb7 Rc7 20. Rxc6 Rxb7 21. Rxd6, and White wins.} Rc7 {Looks good,
as Black saves the a-pawn, keeps the queen out of b7, and prepares to double
rooks and to supply the wretched pawn with another defender.} (18... -- 19. Qb7
Rc7 20. Rxc6 Rxb7 21. Rxd6) 19. Ne5 {White's strategy is simple: he piles up
more pressure on the c-pawn. It is now attacked by three pieces and defended
by two.} c5 {The planned} (19... Rfc8 {lets White win nicely by} 20. Nxc6 Rxc6
21. Qxc8+ Rxc8 22. Rxc8+ Qf8 23. Rxf8+ Kxf8 24. Rc7 a5 25. Rb7 {and the rest
is child's play.}) 20. Rxc5 {From now on, White simply removes anything that
isn't nailed down.} Rxc5 {Black is not wild about exchanging pieces when he is
a pawn down, but what can he do? If he disputes the c-file by} (20... Rfc8 {
then} 21. Qxc8+ {wins as in the earlier note, while on}) (20... Re7 {(the
c7-rook's only flight square)} 21. Rc6 Qd8 (21... Qb4 22. Nd3 Qd2 23. R6c2 Qa5
24. Qxa5 bxa5 {and the forced exchange of queens leaves Black's position in
ruins.}) 22. a3 {White's threat of winning the queen by} -- 23. Rc8 Qd6 24.
R1c6 {is hard to meet.}) 21. Rxc5 {The rook recaptures, disdainful of the
pinned pawn which is helpless to remove it, and remains in control of the
valuable open file.} Nd7 {This looks attractive as the knight attacks two
pieces. If White replies 22. Nxd7, then 22...Qxd7 leaves a queen and rook
ending which is not easy to win. White would eventually have to advance his
pawn majority on the kingside and expose his king to a possible drawing
perpetual check. If the rook retreats, Black continues 22...Nxe5 23. dxe5 Qxe5,
again with drawing chances.} 22. Rc6 {Neatly side-stepping the knight exchange,
the rook gains time by attacking the queen.} (22. Nxd7 Qxd7) (22. Rc3 Nxe5 23.
dxe5 Qxe5) 22... Nb8 {Black is forced into making this 'combination' as the
retreat by 22...Qe7 is disastrous after 23. Rc7 (pinning the knight) 23. ..Rd8
24. Qb5 (triple attack!), and White wins a piece.} (22... Qe7 23. Rc7 Rd8 24.
Qb5) 23. Rxd6 {Simplify! That's the magic word to remember in endings where
you have an advantage in material. WHEN YOU ARE A PAWN AHEAD, REDUCE THE
MATERIAL (AND YOUR OPPONENT'S CHANCES) BY EXCHANGING PIECES, IF IT DOES NOT
WEAKEN YOUR POSITION.} Nxa6 {Forced, of course.} 24. Nc6 {A master move!  You
or I might grad the d-pawn in order to be two pawns ahead.  This could win,
but why complicate matters?  Why let Black seize the c-file with 24...Rc8 and
start a counterattack?    Note that Pillsbury retains his attack on the d-pawn
with the text-move, adds to it a threat against the a-pawn and prevents Black
from playing 24...Rc8, when the knight check at e7 would annihilate him!    It
is subtle moves in apparently simple positions and not queen sacrifices that
mark the master player.} g6 {Sooner or later, the king will need some air. 
The king is also anxious to lend a hand in the ending by moving toward the
center, by way of g7.} 25. Nxa7 {Another pawn falls, while two more are
threatened by the rook.} Ra8 {Unable to get to c8, the rooks makes frantic
efforts to enter the fight.} 26. Nc6 {The knight withdraws, still in position
to punish 26...Rc8 by 27 Ne7+ winning the rook.} Kg7 {Black moves the king out
of range of the knight check and closer to the center.} 27. a3 {There is no
hurry about taking the d-pawn.  White guards his a-pawn from any discovered
attack on it by the rook at a8, and also prevents Black's knight from later
emerging at b4.    Note that White avoids 27 Rxd5 Rc8 28. Rd6 (the knight
cannot move due to the mate threat) 28...Nb4, when Black wins the helpless
knight.} Rc8 {Finally posting his rook on the coveted file, but can Black make
use of it?} 28. g4 {White's king also needs an escape square.  Black was
threatening to win a piece by 28...Nb8, twice attacking the knight which could
not run away.    The break-up of the pawn position around the castled king is
of no consequence in the ending.  It is in the opening and middlegame that
these moves endanger the health of th eking, as then he may be assaulted by
every piece on the board.} Nc7 {Black protects his d-pawn, but at the cost of
blocking the rook.  There was little choice because White was threatening 29.
Ne7 (attacking the black rook and a couple of pawns) 29...Rc1+ 30. Kg2 Rb1 31.
Rxb6, and the two connected passed pawns assure White an easy win.} 29. Ne7 {
Once again chasing off the rooks from the open c-file.  White threatens the
rook, attacks the b-pawn and doubly attacks the d-pawn.} Rb8 {Black must hang
on to the b-pawn as long as possible, as with its loss White's pawns on the
queenside are free to go on to queen.} 30. Rd7 {The pressure must not be
relaxed!  Pillsbury prefers this to the rooks ending resulting from 30. Nxd5
Nxd5 31. Rxd5, though that would also win.} Ne6 {The knight must leave, as the
effort to protect it by 30...Rb7 fails after 31. Nxd5 winning a piece.} 31.
Nxd5 {The d-pawn falls at last giving White a passed pawn on the d-file and a
rook on the seventh rank (in addition to the pawns he picked up).} Rc8 {Rather
than be gradually crushed to death, Black gives up another pawn to get some
sort of counterplay on the open file.  If his rook can get behind White's
pawns, it might cather up a couple of them.} 32. Nxb6 {White can play safe and
keep the rook out by 32. Nc3 but capturing the b-pawn leaves him with three
passed pawns - an offer hard to resist!} Rc2 {Occupation of the 7th rank is
the logical consequence of play on an open file by a rook. This could mean
trouble for White except that he has powerful antidotes in all those pawns
ready to rush up the board to become queens!} 33. b4 {The pawn lightly evades
the rook's attack.} Ng5 {White's pawns are not readily hindered from advancing,
but perhaps White's deserted king might be sensitive to an attack by knight
and rook.} 34. a4 {White goes calmly about his business of pushing the passed
pawns and getting a queen.    It was tempting to drive the knight off with 34.
f4 but this move, believe it or not, enables Black to draw the game!  After} (
34. f4 Nf3+ 35. Kf1 {definitely not} (35. Kh1 Rxh2#) 35... Rd2 36. Nc4 Nxh2+
37. Kg1 Nf3+ 38. Kf1 Nh2+ 39. Ke1 Nf3+ {Black draws by perpetual check.}) 34...
Ne4 {Black tries another means of entry} 35. a5 {Again, Pillsbury resists the
impulse to get in a dig at the knight.  If 35. f3, then 35...Ng5 agains
threatens 36...Nxf3+ and a draw by perpetual check.} Nxf2 {Can Black conjure
up a mating attack?} 36. a6 {White demonstrates the futility of his opponent's
gestures by paying no attention to them!  The passed pawn has only two more
squares to cover and cannot be stopped in its march.    Black decides it would
be too much to hope for this bit of luck: 36...Nh3+ 37. Kh1? Ng5 38. a7? Nf3
39. a8Q Rxh2#!  Of couse, white would play 37. Kf1, when he wins easily.    RR
comment: even though White seems have have had this game won fairly clearly,
the game still demonstrates that White HAS TO ACTUALLY MAKE THE MOVES AND
RESPOND TO THREATS.  Black still had draw chances IF WHITE MESSED UP ONCE.} 1-0

[Event "Logical Chess, Move by Move #18"]
[Site "Holland"]
[Date "1931"]
[Round "18"]
[White "Noteboom"]
[Black "Doesburgh"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "D51"]
[Annotator "Irving Chernev"]
[PlyCount "57"]
[EventDate "1931"]

1. d4 {In the opening, it is advantageous to occupy the center with a pawn and
to develop the pieces with a view to controlling the center. White begins by
placing a pawn where it takes comple possession of one important square and
attacks two others. Control of the two squares e5 and c5 makes it impossible
for Black to place pieces there. White can hope to use e5 and c5 as outposts
for his pieces, which will have the support of the d-pawn. The advance of the
d-pawn serves an additional purpose in opening lines for White's queen and
c1-bishop.} d5 {This is the simplest way for Black to get an equal grip on the
center and to prevent White acquiring more territory with 2. e4.} 2. c4 {White
offers a pawn to divert Black's d-pawn from the center. In effect, it is an
offer to exchange a flank pawn for a center pawn, as White can regain the pawn
without any trouble. Concealed in White's proposal is a threat destroying
Black's pawn center by 3. cxd5 Qxd5 4. Nc3 (gaining tempo, as White develops a
piece while Black must move the same one again) 4...Qa5 5. e4, and White's
control of the center is imposing.} e6 {Black defends the center by supporting
the d-pawn with another pawn. If White plays 3. cxd5, Black can recapture with
a pawn and maintain a pawn in the center. Black does not capture White's
c4-pawn as that means surrendering the center and his grip on e4. The shutting
in of his c8-bishop (after 2...e6) and the consequent difficulty in developing
that piece effectively is one of the reasons for the popularity of the Queen's
Gambit for White.} 3. Nc3 {A good move, as the knight attacks the two central
squares e4 and d5, adding its influence to the pawn's pressure on the latter.}
Nf6 {Black's knight develops toward the center, where its mobility is greatest
and where it can cou tner the pressure exerted by White's knight.} 4. Bg5 {A
pin which threatens 5. cxd5 exd5 6. Bxf6, when Black must either submit to
being left with a badly doubled pawn by 6...gxf6 or lose a pawn after 6...Qxf6
7. Kxd5. The threat is actually of minor importance. White's real aim in
pinning the knight is not to institute a threat that can so easily be parried.
What White is interested in is the most effective placement of his pieces, and
the development of the bishop at g5 is extremely strong. The restraint it
places on Black's knight and the cramping effet it has on Black's whole game
is not easily shaken off.} Nbd7 {In queen's pawn openings, Black's queen's
knight does its best job at d7, not c6. At d7 it supports the other knight and
helps prepare the advance of the c-pawn to c5. The b8-knight must not move to
c6, where it obstructs the c-pawn. THE C-PAWN MUST BE FREE TO ADVANCE AND
ATTACK WHITE'S CENTER. Black incidentally sets a trap with the text move,
which is designed to catch the greedy player.} 5. e3 {White not win a pawn by}
(5. cxd5 exd5 6. Nxd5 {instead? There would then follow} Nxd5 {the knight
breaks the pin by brute force} 7. Bxd8 Bb4+ 8. Qd2 Bxd2+ 9. Kxd2 Kxd8 {and
Black has gained a piece. White could not fall into the trap if he followed
the principle which covers these cases: DO NOT CHASE AFTER PAWNS AT THE
EXPENSE OF YOUR DEVELOPMENT. White's last move supports the central d4-pawn
and creates an outlet for the f1-bishop.}) 5... c6 {Black strengthens his
d-pawn and opens a diagonal for his queen's uses. He plans a counterattack
beginning with 6...Qa5 and 7...Bb4} 6. a3 {This puts a stop to any such
manoeuvre, as Black's bishop can never get to b4 to pin the knight.} Be7 {
Black develops a piece, unpins the knight and clears the back rank for
castling.} 7. Qc2 {An ideal development for the queen in this opening. At c2,
the queen exerts pressure on the c-file (which will be strongly evident after
center pawns are exchanged) and controls the e4-square. The latter
circumstance is the reason for the queen coming into play at this point,
instead of the expected mobilization of the kingside pieces. It is vital to
guard the e4-square so that Black cannot free himself easily by playing 7...
Ne4 and exchanging some pieces.} O-O {Black moves his king to safter quarters.
He cannot free his crowded position by the Lasker manuver 7...Ne4 as White
responds 8. Bxe7 Qxe7 9. Nxe4 dxe4 10. Qxe4 and wins a pawn. Notice that
White's pawn at a3 prevents Black from regaining the pawn by 10...Qb4+,
showing that White's sixth move was not a waste of time. Instead of the
passive kingside castling, Black should have tried for counterplay by 7...dxc4
8 Bxc4 e5!, which disputes control of the center and helps clear a diagonal
for his c8-bishop.} (7... dxc4 8. Bxc4 e5) 8. Nf3 {White brings his king's
knight to its best post and attacks the e5-square again, putting an end to any
contemplated break by ...e5} a6 {Preparation for the manueuvre 9...dxc4 10.
Bxc4 b5 11. Bd3 Bb7, followed by an eventual ...c5. This would serve to
develop the c8-bishop, free his queenside and start action against White's
pawn-center.} 9. Rd1 {If Black is going in for an attack on the wing, White is
prepared to meet it with the recommended antidote - play the center! The
position of the rook at d1 acts as a deterrent to central pawn exchanges by
Black, as any clearances on the d-file increase the pressure of the rook on
that file.} Re8 {Black brings his rook to the e-file, as the center is usually
the theater of action.} 10. Bd3 {With the entrance of this bishop, White's
development is nearly complete. Notice that he plays no combinations of any
sort, either to win material or to start an attack on the king, until most of
his pieces are brought off the back rank and into play. It is only after these
pieces are posted where they are most effective - where they control the
center, enjoy their greatest mobility, and take possession of a good part of
the important territory - that White looks around for a combination, a stroke
that will decide the game quickly.} dxc4 {Black has delayed taking this pawn
until White's f1-bishop made a move, so that the bishop will now lose a move
in recapturing.} 11. Bxc4 {The recapture is forced.} b5 {Black makes the
bishop lose time in retreating and vacates the b7-square, ready for the
development of the c8-bishop.} 12. Bd3 {From this square, the bishop manages
to be remarkably useful: It reaches out in two directions to attack, it helps
guard e4 from invasion, it threatens Black's kingside and, by attacking h7,
prevents Black from freeing himself by means of 12...c5} h6 {With the text
move, Black moves the h-pawn out of the attack of White's queen and bishop.
Now he hopes to free his queenside and establish a state of tension in the
center by 13...c5. Incidentally, he would like White's g5-bishop to declare
its intentions.} ({If} 12... c5 {then} 13. dxc5 Bxc5 ({certainly not} 13...
Nxc5 14. Bxh7+ {and White wins the queen by discovered attack}) 14. Bxh7+ {and
White wins a pawn, as the pinned knight is helpless to take the bishop.}) 13.
Bxf6 {A very fine concept! White does not waste time holding on to the two
bishops but plays to prevent any counterplay by ...c5. If he can keep the
c-pawn from advancing, Black's game will be fearfully cramped, and he may
never solve the problem of getting his light-squared bishop settled on a
decent square. The immediate object of 13. Bxf6 is to divert one of Black's
recapturing pieces, the knight or the bishop, from its surveillance of the
c5-square and the support of a pawn moving to that square.} Nxf6 {This is
probably better than taking with the bishop, as Black's queen and c8-bishop
now have more freedom.} 14. O-O {The king (who must be secure from danger at
all costs) goes into hiding, while the rook (that must take part in the
fighting) comes closer to the scene of action.} Bb7 {With rook and queen on
the same file, it would be foolhardy to venture on 14...c5.  White simply
takes the pawn, 15. dxc5, and punishes the recapture 15...Bxc5 with 16 Bh7+
winning the queen.    Black's idea, besides that of developing the
light-squared bishop, is to bring his rook to c8 and the push the c-pawn.} 15.
Ne4 {White clears the c-file so that he now has three pieces (queen, knight
and d4-pawn) concentrating their power on c5, with the aim of making an
advance of Black's c-pawn to that square possible.    Notice too how White has
resisted the temptation to play e4, filling up the center with pawns.  Instead
he keeps the e4-square free and utilizes it as a springboard for his pieces.}
Nxe4 {Otherwise White might swing the knight over to c5 and completely smother
Black's queenside.} 16. Bxe4 {Still keeping Black under restraint: he may not
play 16...c5 as his b7-bishop would be snapped up.} f5 {Black must drive the
bishop off at once, even at the cost of weakening the pawn position on his
kingside.  A delay gives White time to play 17. Ne5 (intensifying the pressure
on the c-pawn and incidentally providing the f3-square for a bishop retreat)
followed if need be by 18. Rc1} 17. Bd3 {The third visit of the bishop to this
square.    White must not be hasty and play 17. Bxc6 as the reply 17...Rc8
pins the bishop.} Qb6 {Once again preparing the liberating pawn-push.} 18. Rc1
{The position demands that White devote all his efforts to sustaining the
blockade of Black's c-pawn.  White must acquire undisputed control of the
c5-square, so that the pawn may never advance.  He must not relax for a moment,
AS DOMINATION OF THE KEY C5-SQUARE VIRTUALLY ASSURES HIM OF A POSITIONAL WIN.}
Rac8 {Black persists in his plan to push the pawn.  If he does not get this
move in, his b7-bishop will never have any air.} 19. b4 {White nails the pawn
down!  White has a won game, strategically.  What remains is to apply the
proper tactical touches to compel the opponent to yield.  The time is ripe for
the combinations to appear!} Qd8 {Ready to parry} 20. Ne5 {A powerful blow! 
White attacks the unfortunate c-pawn (which must stay where it is) a third
time.  Against passive resistence, White plans 21. f4 (to give his knight
additional support and to stabilize the center), followed by 22. Be2 and 23.
Bf3, after which the c-pawn must perish.} (20. Qb3 {threatening} -- 21. Qxe6+ (
21. Bxf5 Qd5)) 20... a5 {Black attacks one of the pawns hemming in his
queenside.  Against 20...Bf6 White sticks to the script with 21. f4, followed
by 22. Be2 and 23. Bf3} 21. Qb3 {Again threatening 22. Qxe6+ or Bxf5.    White
probably gave no more than a glance to 21. bxa5, 21...Bxa3 or 21...c5, any of
which gives him far too much freedom - from White's point of view.} Bd6 {The
defence that Black had relied on is ruled out: if 21...Qd5, then 22. Qxd5 and
White wins a pawn after 22...exd5 and White wins a pawn after 22...exd5, 23.
Bxf5 or 22...cxd5 23. Bxb5.} 22. Bxf5 {The first bit of actual violence brings
in a pawn.} Qf6 {With an attack on the bishop and a double attack on the
knight, Black hopes to get his pawn back.} 23. Bb1 {The idea of this
withdrawal to the back rank is to support the queen in an attack along a
diagonal, either by moving the queen to c2 or by shifting the bishop to a2
behind the queen.} Bxe5 {Black does not care to part with the services of an
active piece, but he must do so in order to recover the pawn he lost.} 24. dxe5
{Forced.} Qxe5 {Material is even, and Black seems to have survived the worse. 
It is true that White can win a pawn by 25. bxa5, but he would be left with
doubled and isolated pawns on the a-file, and it is doubtful that he could get
any advantage from the extra pawn.  There must be a better reward for fine
positional play than this dubious bounty!} 25. Rc5 {White spurns the pawn, in
favor of piling on more pressure.  The rook now holds Black's queenside in a
paralysing grip.  The strength of White's move is evident in the fact that the
rook can never be dislodged!} a4 {An intermediary move, whose purpose is not
only to save the pawn, but also to gauge White's plans by his next queen move.}
26. Qa2 {A remarkable retreat!  One would expect 26. Qc2 so that the queen,
backed up by the bishop, might penetrate Black's kingside position.  However,
Black refutes this cleverly by 26...Qf6 and now:  1) 27 Qh7+ is met by 27...
Kf7, when White has no means of furthering the attack.  2) 27. e4 (intending
to banish the queen by 28. e5 and then pierce the position) 27...e5 and Black
repels any invasion.} Qd6 {The defence} (26... Qf6 {succombs to} 27. e4 {(now
we see the point of 26. Qa2 - it is to pin Black's e-pawn and prevent 27...e5
at this point)} Rcd8 28. e5 Qf4 29. Qc2 {threatening 30. Qh7+ Kf8 31. Bg6 Re7
32. Qh8#)} Qg5 30. f4 Qg4 31. Rc3 {when the entrance of the rook at g3,
followed by 33. Qh7+, is conclusive.    Notice that the move 31. Rc3, relazing
the pressure on the queenside, is not an infraction of principle.  An attack
that leads to a forced win takes precedence over positional considerations.})
27. Qc2 {Now this grouping has more effect!  White threatens 28. Qh7+ Kf8 29.
Bg6 Red8 30. Qh8+ Ke7 31. Qxg7#} Rcd8 {If} (27... e5 {to guard the g6-square
with the queen, then} 28. Qh7+ Kf7 (28... Kf8 29. Bg6 {wins easily}) 29. f4 {
threatening 30 fxe5+} e4 30. Ba2+ Kf6 31. Qf5+ Ke7 32. Qf7+ {and White wins
the bishop as a start.}) 28. Qh7+ {Control of the light squares leading to
Black's king renders this a decisive invastion; the cramping of Black's
queenside and the smothering of his bishop make it difficult for Black to hold
out.} Kf8 {On 28...Kf7 White can either win the exchange by a bishop check or
pursue the attack by 29. f4, when the continuation might be 29...Rh8 30. Qg6+
Kf8 31. f5 e5 (or 31...Qe7 32 f6) 32. f6 and White wins.} 29. Bg6 {Further
confines the king while attacking the rook.  The threat is 30. Qh8+ Ke7 31.
Qxg7#.    Black can only delay the execution at great cost in material.   
White's play is a fine example of the value of preventative strategy.  In
paralysing Black's queenside, he demonstrates the extraordinary fact that
weaknesses on one wing can lead to complete collapse on the other!  Once Black
is held in restraint, his efforts to make some sort of stand seem little more
than feeble flutterings.} 1-0

[Event "Logical Chess, Move by Move #19"]
[Site "Vienna AUT"]
[Date "1915"]
[Round "19"]
[White "Grunfeld"]
[Black "Schenkein"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "D11"]
[Annotator "Irving Chernev"]
[PlyCount "45"]
[EventDate "1915"]

1. d4 {Beginning the game with this pawn move releases two pieces at one
stroke. This is as much White can achieve in one move in the way of getting
the pieces off the back rank and into play. The pawn itself plays an important
part in the struggle for domination of the center and the control of key
squares.} d5 {Probably Black's best reply. With it, he offsets White's
pressure on the center.} 2. c4 {This is an attack, as well as an offer of a
pawn. It is an attack in that White threatens by 3. cxd5 Qxd5 4. Nc3 Qa5 5. e4
to establish two pawns abreast in the center. It is an offer, since Black can
gain a pawn (temporarily, it is true) by 2...dxc4. Either way you look at it,
White's purpose is to destroy Black's pawn-center, either by removing Black's
d-pawn from d5, or enticing it away from there.} c6 {Black is ready to meet 3.
cxd5 with 3...cxd5, RECAPTURING WITH A PAWN in order to maintain a pawn in the
center. Black's second move has the merit of not shutting in the c8-bishop, as
the alternatives 2...e6 does. On the debit side thought, if Black does develop
his bishop freely, he must be prepared to beat off troublesome attacks on his
d-pawn and his b-pawn, occasioned by the absence of the bishop. Another and
more important consideration is that while the c-pawn standing at c6
represents a fine support for the d-pawn, it is not fulfilling it's main
purpose in life, which is to challenge White's control of the center. It must
be available to advance to c5 in order to attack White's d-pawn and to open
the c-file for the use of Black's heavy pieces.} 3. Nf3 {Why doesn't White
play 3. c5 and stifle his opponent completely on the queenside? These are some
of the reasons he does not do so: 1) It is good strategy to maintain tension
in the center - to keep the pawn position fluid, not static. 2) In advancing
to c5, White gives up his attack on the enemy center, and the option of
exchanging pawns when it is worthwhile to do so. Such an exchange might be the
means of demolishing Black's whole center! 3) The c5-square should be an
outpost for a piece, not a pawn. A piece posted there exerts a tremendous
effect on Black's whole queenside. 4) Placing a pawn at c5 closes the c-file
and makes it useless for the operations of the queen or the rooks. 5) In the
opening, pieces, not pawns, should be moved. All the foregoing explains why a
chess master 'instinctively' finds the right moves. It is not that he can
analyse twenty moves ahead, or that he bothers to examine the effects of every
possible move. Sometimes he does not even look one move ahead! He saves time
by dismissing from consideration any move which his instinct (or more
accurately his experience and judgement) warns is contrary to principle and
cannot possibly lead to favorable results. By discarding moves which offend
his feeling for what is proper, by avoiding artificial expedients which are
distasteful to his positional judgement, he plays stronger, sounder chess at
ten seconds a move than does the average amateur in his serious tournament
games.} e6 {This quiet move strengthens his center and frees the f8-bishop.
Black's intentions are still unclear. He might capture the c4-pawn next move
and then try to hold on to it by ...b5, or he might go in for the Stonewall
formation, by playing 4...f4 followed by 5...Nf6 and possibly 6...Ne4} 4. e3 {
White plays safe by protecting the c4-pawn. He releases one bishop at the
expense of another, but one cannot have everything.} Nf6 {The knight takes up
a good poste, extending powerful influence on d5 and e4, two of the four
strategically important squares in the center.} 5. Bd3 {The bishop occupies a
diagonal where it can operate with great effect, while the kingside is cleared
for speedy castling. Broadly speaking, it is good policy to develop the
kingside pieces first, so that the king can find safer quarters. Most players
are familiar enough with this procedure and its benefits to carry it out
faithfully, some even to the extent of completely forgetting about releasing
the queenside pieces!} Nbd7 {Excellent, as the knight supports an eventual
thrust at White's center by ...c5 or ...e5. Being in touch with the other
knight also has its uses, as it can replace the f6-knight.} 6. Nbd2 {The chief
object of this move is to back up an advance of the e-pawn as in the Colle
System. A second purpose of the knight's development at d2 instead of c3 is to
recapture with the knight if Black plays 6...dxc4, and then anchor one of the
knights at e5, strongly supported by the other.} Be7 {A good defensive move -
perhaps too much so! The bishop is well placed at e7, and progress is made
toward castling, but no attempts is made to prevent White from expanding and
acquiring more territory. Black must get in the counter-thrust ...c5 or be
slowly crowded back and confined to a small area.} 7. O-O {The king flees to a
safer part of the board, while the h1-rook takes a more active position.} Qc7 {
Another quiet developing move, which might better have been replaced by the
aggressive 7...c5. Black cannot temporize but must fight for equal rights.
Chess is no game for cowards!} 8. e4 {This resembles the Colle device for
breaking up the position in the center and opening lines of attack for the
pieces crouched in the background.} dxe4 {Black cannot allow the pawn to go to
e5. There it would drive away his f6-knight and put it completely out of
action.} 9. Nxe4 {More energetic than recapturing with the bishop. The knight
gets out of the way of the c1-bishop and puts the question to the enemy knight.
} Nxe4 {Black must exchange to relieve his constricted position.} 10. Bxe4 {
The exchange of pieces suits White too. The more material disappears from the
board, the more scope there is for the activities of his pieces, especially
the wide-ranging bishops.} Nf6 {The attack on the bishop gains a tempo for
Black while giving his queenside pieces a bit more room.} 11. Bc2 {The bishop
retreats, but to a fine vantage point. It is poised for a kingside attack but
can quickly shift to the queenside if necessary. White's position is
distinctly superior. He enjoys these advantages: 1) His bishops have a great
range of attack. 2) He dominates the center with his pawns. 3) He controls the
strategically imporant e5-square. 4) His major pieces can operate with great
effect on the center files.} b6 {To develop the bishop at b7, since it is shut
in by the e-pawn on the other diagonal.} 12. Qe2 {White develops another piece
and intensifies the pressure on e5. Control of this square will make it
difficult, it not impossible, for Black to free his position by advancing the
e-pawn.} Bb7 {With the development of this bishop, Black seems to be finding a
way out of his troubles. He is now set to play ...c5 next move, operate on the
long diagonal with his light-squared bishop and establish a proper state of
tension in the center. Will he have time for this, or has he missed the right
moment to hit out with ...c5?} 13. Ne5 {A magnificent outpost for the knight!
From this central station, the knight radiates power in eight directions,
accentuating Black's difficulties in gaining freedom for his pieces.} Rd8 {
This looks plausible, since Black mobilizes the rook while attacking a pawn.
It is too late, alas, to play the liberating 13...c5; White's reply 14. Ba4+
would force Black's king to move (interposing the knight or bishop instead
costs a piece) and forfeit the right to castle.} 14. Rd1 {White defends
without loss of time. The rook guards the pawn and develops simultaneously,
going to the file it would have chosen in any event. ROOKS BELONG ON OPEN
FILES, OR ON FILES LIKELY TO BE OPENED.} O-O {The advance 14...c5 is still
premature, being met by 15 Ba4+ and Black must either move the king and lose
the castling privilege, or play 15...Nd7 losing the exchange after 16. Bxd7+
Rxd7 17 Nxd7. Before White makes his next move, let us sum up his advantages:
1) His pawn position in the center, restraining the free movements of the
enemy pieces, is definitely superior to Black's. 2) His queen attacks nine
squares while Black's is limited to five. 3) His bishops control thirteen
squares, whereas Black's are limited to seven. 4) His knight enjoys wonderful
mobility, while Black's knight can only retreat. Clearly, White has
established a definite positional superiority. His piecs have greater mobility,
as simply arithmetic shows, and their power to attack is definitely greater
than that of Black's army. White has earned the right to look for a decisive
combination that will exploit to the full his positional advantages. It is
interesting to see what form of attack will suceed in breaking through Black's
strongly entrenched position.} 15. Bf4 {The bishop develops with a threat
against the queen. White intends to play 16. Ng6 next move, discovering an
attack on the queen by the bishop. After the queen moves away, White will
captures the f8-rook, winning the exchange.} Bd6 {The alternatives 15...Qc8,
moving the queen out of the bishop's range, does not look appetizing. With the
text move, Black prevents the knight from moving and uncovering an attack.} 16.
c5 {This begins the series of vigorous blows which do not let up until Black
surrenders. White's idea is twofold: 1) he will dislodge the bishop and 2)
permanently seal up Black's queenside postion} bxc5 {This is forced, as on} (
16... Bxe5 {White can win by} 17. Bxe5 Qc8 18. Bxf6 gxf6 19. Qg4+ Kh8 20. Bxh7
Kxh7 21. Rd3 -- 22. Rh3#) 17. dxc5 {Another pawn springs up to stab at the
bishop.} Bxe5 {Or} (17... Bxc5 18. Ng6 {and White wins the exchange.}) 18. Bxe5
{This recapture attacks the queen and keeps Black on the run.} Qa5 ({If} 18...
Qc8 {White wins by} 19. Bxf6 gxf6 20. Qg4+ Kh8 21. Qh4 {threatening mate} f5
22. Qf6+ Kg8 23. h4 {intending to push the pawn to h6 and then to mate it at g7
} Rd7 {to follow with 24...Qd8 driving the White queen off} 24. Rxd7 Qxd7 25.
Rd1 Qc7 26. h5 {when the two threats of 27. h6 and 27. Rd3 (followed by 28.
Rg3+ are decisive.}) 19. Bxf6 {White does away with the knight, the best
defender of a castled position, as a prelude to breaking into the stronghold
of the king.} gxf6 {After this, Black's position on the kingside is torn apart,
where it should be barricaded. On the queenside, where his pieces need room
for their movements, his position is nailed up - and by an unprotected pawn at
that!} 20. Qg4+ {This is more accurate than 20. Qe4. It leaves Black with only
one reply.} Kh8 {The king must go to the corner.} 21. Qh4 {Now threatening
mate on the move.} f5 {Black's only defense.} 22. Qe7 {Penetrating into the
heart of the enemy's position. The attack on the black bishop is a device
whose purpose is to occupy the opponent, even if only for a moment, with the
problem of saving the bishop. This will give White the time he needs to carry
out his real threat, an attack on both the black rooks.} Bc8 ({If Black plays} 
22... Rb8 {to protect the bishop, White wins this way:} 23. Qf6+ Kg8 24. Rd3 f4
25. Rh3 {threatening 26. Bxh7#} Rfd8 26. Rxh7 {and mate follows}) 23. b4 {A
knockout blow! The queen is forced off the diagonal leading to the rook at d8
- which needs her protection! What can Black do? 1) Qxb4 24. Rxd8 Rxd8 25.
Qxd8+ wins 2) 23...Rfe8 is met by 24. Qf6+ followed by 25 bxa5. 3) 23...Rxd1+
24. Rxd1 leaves two strong threats on tap: 25. Qxf8# and 25. bxa5, which
cannot both be parried at the same time.} 1-0

[Event "Logical Chess, Move by Move #20"]
[Site "Lodz POL"]
[Date "1908"]
[Round "20"]
[White "Rubinstein"]
[Black "Salwe"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "D33"]
[Annotator "Irving Chernev"]
[PlyCount "75"]
[EventDate "1908"]

1. d4 {A hundred and forty years ago, players began their games almost
automatically with 1. e4, and if they could offer a gambit, they did so. Today,
when everyone wants to win with the minimum risk, 1. d4 has become equally
popular. The queen's pawn openings lead to positions which are safe and sound.
They offer security, and as additional inducement let White have a slight
advantage right from the start. With his first move, White occupies and exerts
pressure in the center with a pawn WHICH IS PROTECTED and simultaneously frees
his queen and dark-squared bishop.} d5 {The classical reply, this equalizes
the pressure in the center. It also prevents White from playing 2. e4 and
monopolizing most of the best squares.} 2. c4 {With several objects in mind: 1)
To induce Black to surrender the center, by offering him a pawn. 2) To
exchange pawns (if Black does not) and open the c-file for his rooks. 3) To
institute an attack on Black's d-pawn, and the d5-square.} e6 {Black supports
the d-pawn with another pawn. He is prepared, if White play 3. cxd5, TO
RECAPTURE WITH A PAWN and maintain a pawn in the center.} 3. Nc3 {A good
development for the knight, now that it does not block the c-pawn and the
opening of the c-file. It is a bit sharper than 3. Nf3 since it steps up the
pressure on d5, an important square in this opening.} c5 {This move had the
unqualified endorsement of Tarrasch. He held that Black had no better means of
developing his pieces freely and easily, even if pawn exchanges in the center
leave him with an isolated pawn. One advantage of 3...c5 is that it disputes
possession of the center at once by the attack on the d4-pawn. Another is that
it enables Black to post his queen's knight at c6, instead of at d7 where it
interferes for a long time with the career of the c8-bishop.} 4. cxd5 {The
best way to keep the initiative! This exchange aims to saddle Black with an
isolated d-pawn.} exd5 {The safest recapture. Black can offer a pawn by 4...
cxd4 5. Qxd4 Nc6 6. Qd1 exd5 7. Qxd5 Be6 but this gambit is dubious.} 5. Nf3 {
White's knights now have all four of the strategically important central
squares (e4, e5, d4 and d5) under surveillance.} Nf6 {It makes little
difference whether Black plays this or 5...Nc6 first.} 6. g3 {Probably the
best of the many good moves White has at this disposal. He can also play the
placid 6. e3 or 6. Bf4, either of which gives him a safe, substantial position,
or he can attack at once by the aggresive 6. Bg5, with which Alekhine beat
Kussman brilliantly in a 1924 simultaneous exhibition. With the quiet
text-move, Rubinstein intends to fianchetto his light-squared bishop and
increase pressure on d5.} Nc6 {Black attains one of the objectives that
motivated him to select the Tarrasch Defence. His queen's knight enjoys some
influence in the center, while the light-square bishop (usually restrained by
a knight at d7) is free and unrestrained.} 7. Bg2 {The bishop commands the
long diagonal and will devote special attention to Black's d-pawn. For the
moment, the knight obstructs its path, but a knight can readily lead aside.}
cxd4 {Black exchanges to give his pieces more scope (note the increased
mobility of his dark-squared bishop) but his is not without its dangers. Open
lines favor the player whose development is superior, and in this case it is
White. Somewhat better is the quiet move 7...Be7, developing a piece or, if
Black feels pugnacious, the sharp 7...Bg4 putting more pressure on the d4-pawn
by striking at once of its defenders.} 8. Nxd4 {The recapture leaves Black
with an isolated pawn in the center of the board. Such a pawn must depend on
pieces to defend it from attack, as there are no pawns on either side that can
come to its support. Another consideration is that an enemy piece can be
posted firmly on the square directly in front of the isolated pawn, in this
case d4, without any fear of being driven off by a pawn. All this is very
discouraging, but in return for these shortcomings, the possessor of the
isolated pawn is rewarded with open files and diagonals - room for the
activities of his pieces. The pawn itself, in spite of its forlorn appearance,
often becomes the spearhead that pierces and breaks up a fortified position.
The theorists themselves are not in complete agreement on the merits or
demerits of an isolated pawn. Many years ago, Philidor said in his "Chess
Analysed: or Instructions by Which a Perfect Knowledge of This Noble Game May
in a Short Time Be Acquired" 'A pawn, when separated from his fellows, will
seldom or never make a fortune.' For the defence, we have Tarrasch, who said,
'He who fears possession of an isolated d-pawn should give up chess.' There
are arguments for both sides: 1) Black has in his favor: increased mobility
for his pieces, possible outposts for his pieces at e4 and c4 (supported by
the d-pawn) and open files for his major pieces (the e- and c-files). 2) White
has advantages in the fact that he can station a piece permanently at d4 and
can keep Black busy warding off threats to the d-pawn. Not that the pawn can
easily be captured, since the number of pieces attacking it can always be
equalled by the number of pieces defending it, but by virtue of the fact that
the pawn needs constant care, White can switch the attack to another section
of the board. Black must not only be prepared to fight back there but also
keep in close touch with the weak pawn.} Qb6 {Urging his opponent to exchange
knights or defend by 9. e3, blocking the path of his dark-squared bishop.} 9.
Nxc6 {A suggestion White is delighted to fall in with! He relieves Black of
the isolated pawn, but in return fixes him with other weaknesses. From now on
White will forget about the d5-square and turn his attention to dominating d4
and c5 completely. By anchoring pieces on those squares he can prevent Black
from advancing his d-pawn or his c-pawn. The effect of blockading these pawns
will be to shut in all of Black's pieces behind the pawns.} bxc6 {The
alternative capture 9...Qxc6 loses the d-pawn at once.} 10. O-O {Before
pursuing the attack, White conveys his king to safer quarters. The king's rook
meanwhile becomes available for action on the center files.} Be7 {
Unfortunately, Black may not advance either of the pawns makred for doom: if
10...c5, then 11 Nxd5 wins a pawn, or if 10...d4, then 11. Na4 forces the
queen to desert one of the threatened pawns. There were better chances of
resistance with 10...Be6, protecting the d-pawn once more so as to get in the
freeing ...c5 as quickly as possible. Black cannot rely on passive measures or
he will be crushed to death.} 11. Na4 {White is not interested in scaring the
queen. The knight does not move to attack but to get a grip on the c5-square
so that a white piece may settle itself securely there.} Qb5 {The queen stays
in the neighborhood to help ward off the invaders.} 12. Be3 {You would expect
this bishop to go to f4, where its range is long and where it does not
obstruct the e-pawn's movements; or you might consider g5 where it cramps
Black's game. These are good and natural moves, but they do not fit in with
the strategic concept of governing this position. Once there is a definite,
logical plan to follow, we must play moves that conform to that plan, so that
the improvement of our own position or the undermining of the opponent's is
conducted systematically and not as a result of accidental circumstances.
Development, at this point, must not be carried out for its own sake. It may
seem strange that control of one square can cause a position to collapse, but
it is true. It is one of the fine points in the Queen's Gambit that such
domination (resulting from Black's neglect to dispute the center and also free
his queenside by ...c5) enables White to confine his opponent's pieces to a
small area and drive them back step by step, while he (White) either starts
escorting a pawn to the queening square or turns to the other side of the
board and beleaguers the enemy king.} O-O {Not having read the previous note,
Black is content to make 'good' developing moves. He should concentrate his
energies on advancing the c-pawn one square before it is permanently fixed at
c6. Pushing the pawn at once is premature, as after} (12... c5 13. Bxd5 Nxd5
14. Qxd5 Qxa4 15. Qxa8 {White has won the exchange, but Black could put up
more fight with}) (12... Be6 {protecting the d-pawn and preparing to move the
c-pawn followed by} 13. -- Nd7 14. -- Rc8 {all of which is designed to help
the c-pawn to advance one square.}) 13. Rc1 {White seizes the half-open file,
brings more pressure to bear on c5, and prepares to post a piece there.} Bg4 {
A double attack on the e2-pawn, which may be embarassing to meet. How does
White answer it? If 14 Re1, the rook's development is wretched. If 14. Nc3,
then 14...Bxb2 wins a pawn. If 14. Rc2, Black snaps up the knight. If 14. f3,
White loosens the pawn position around his king andhems in his own bishop. In
spite of all these arguments in favor of Black's move, Tarrasch used to
dismiss such demonstrations with: "Beginning of an attack...} 14. f3 {...and
end of attack!" The hemming in of the g2 bishop is only temporary, and as for
the weakness of the kingside pawns, it is of no consequence if Black cannot
exploit it.} Be6 {The bishop finds the right square, but it is too late - much
to late!} 15. Bc5 {Now that the strategically important d4- and c5-squares are
under his control, White stations a piece where it will immobilize Black's
pawns and restrict the movement of his pieces.} Rfe8 {Black must either
protect his bishop or submit to an exchance of pieces. The latter option does
not appeal to him, as after 15...Bxc5+, the reply 16. Rxc5 replaces one
blockader with another and gains tempo by the attack on the queen.} 16. Rf2 {
A very fine move! After White plays e3, the rook can switch over to c2 to help
exploit the c-file. It also vacates f1, so that the bishop can occupy a more
useful diagonal.} Nd7 {Black attacks the bishop a third time, with the hope of
forcing it to retreat.} 17. Bxe7 {The bishop does not withdraw, as that lets
Black get in the thrust 17... c5, breaking the bind on his position. Nor does
White support the bishop by 17. b4, the kind of move many players would
instantly make. The consequence would be 17...Bxc5 forcing the pawn to
recapture, since 18. Rxc5 costs the exchange, and 18. Nxc5 allows 18...Qxb4.
However, after 18. bxc5 the pawn stationed at c5 is not only immobile and
useless but itself closes the c-file to White's pieces. This would negate the
whole strategy of the position, which is to occupy the weak squares in the
opponent's with pieces, not pawns. Pieces can be freely moved about, so that
lines are kept open for the attack, and one blockader can make room for a
different one, if occasion demands it.} Rxe7 {Black must recapture.} 18. Qd4 {
Excellent! The centralization of the queen is tremendously effective. Not only
does the queen exert its influence on every part of the board, but it also
both prohibits Black from getting in the freeing ...c5 move and prepares the
posting of the knight at c5. Notice how, from its new position, the queen
still guards the knight and keeps an eye on the b-pawn. The knight is free to
move, while the e2-pawn, abandoned by the queen, is now under the rook's care.}
Ree8 {The rook retreats to help defend the c-file against White's attack,
since a move by the a8-rook costs a pawn.} 19. Bf1 {A subtle means of
activating the bishop. The alternative 19. f4 is not nearly as good, as it
gives Black's pieces much more room in which to manuver, his bishop and knight
then having access to the e4-square.} Rec8 {Reviving the possibility of
playing 20...c5. Black must have realized by this time that if he does not get
this move in, he might just as well sit back and wait for the axe to fall.} 20.
e3 {Such a little move, but it accomplishes a great deal! It gains a tempo or
two as it uncovers an attack on the queen (forcing Black to lose a move by its
retreat), opens up a diagonal for the bishop, and clears a pathway on the
second rank, so that the rook can switch from f2 to c3 and increase the
pressure along the c-file.} Qb7 {Discretion is the better part of valor, as
Beaumont and Fletcher said, anticipating Shakespeare. The desperate thrust 20..
.c5 is refuted by 21. Rxc5, when Black dare not take the rook as his queen is
still under attack.} 21. Nc5 {Blockade! The knight settles down on c5 and
barricades Black's position} Nxc5 {Black removes the knight, not only to get
rid of an active blockader but also on the theory that exchanges help relieve
a cramped position.} 22. Rxc5 {Not so agile as its predecessor, the new
blockader enjoys the privilege of immunity to harassment by pawns or the enemy
bishop, which is confined to square of opposite color to the one the rook
occupies.} Rc7 {Black cannot counterattack; all he can do is sit tight and
await events. But how does White profit by his opponent's lack of mobility?
How does he overcome passive resistance?} 23. Rfc2 {First by doubling rooks on
the open file, WHICH MORE THAN DOUBLES THE STRENGTH OF THE ROOKS. At present,
the rooks seem to be biting on granite, but there are ways and means! Have
faith!} Qb6 {Black sticks to noncommittal moves, until his opponent declares
himself by a threatening gesture.} 24. b4 {This is the point! Whiel the rooks
keep a grip on the enemy, the pawn will spearhead an attack on the position.
White's immediate threat is 25. b5, striking a third time at the immobilized
c-pawn.} a6 {Black must not allow the pawn to advance.} 25. Ra5 {Shifting the
attack so as to keep Black occupied guarding all the weak points (the new
target is a6). Transferring the rook does not relinquish the pressure on the
c-pawn, which must remain where it is.} Rb8 {Black protects his queen, which
was threatened with capture. Other courses offer bleak prospects:} (25... Qxd4
26. exd4 Bc8 {to save the a-pawn, then} 27. Rxd5 {wins a pawn for White.}) (
25... Qb7 26. Qc5 -- 27. a4 -- 28. b5 {engineers a decisive breakthrough.}) 26.
a3 {Protecting the valuable b-pawn (which is destined to bring the enemy to
his knees) before proceeding with the attack.} Ra7 {Black save the a-pawn,
which was under double attac, but loses a different pawn.  However, there was
no way for Black to safeguard all the vulnerable points.  Had he tried 26...
Bc8, White would have won a pawn by 27 Qxb6 Rxb6 28. Rxd5, exploiting the
pinned c-pawn.} 27. Rxc6 {This bit of plunder is the first material evidence
of the merit of White's positional strategy.  It is no more than justice that
the c-pawn, the cause of Black's troubles, should be the first to fall.} Qxc6 {
Better than retreating to b7 or exchanging queens: if 27...Qb7, then 28 Raxa6
wins another pawn and leaves White with two connected passed pawns ready to
race up the board.  Or if 27...Qxd4 28. exd4, then White will gather up the
triply attacked a-pawn.} 28. Qxa7 {The recapture keeps Black on his toes.  His
rook is attacked and so is the a-pawn.} Ra8 {Rescues the pawn, as 29. Rxa6
Rxa7 30. Rxc6 Rxa3 nets Black a pawn in return.} 29. Qc5 {Again taking
possession of the c-file and the key square, this time with the queen.} Qb7 {
Black avoids the exchange of queens, since after 29...Qxc5 30. Rxc5 Kf8 31.
Ra5 Black can save the a-pawn only by abandoning the d-pawn.} 30. Kf2 {Not
only to fortify the kingside but to move the king closer to the center for the
endgame, in the event that the queens are exchanged.} h5 {This demonstration
does not intimidate White or divert him from his purpose of effecting a
decision on the queenside.} 31. Be2 {White shelters the king from any annoying
checks that might ensue once the position is opened up.} g6 {Black's pieces
are tied down to the defence of the two isolated pawns, so he makes a waiting
move with a pawn.} 32. Qd6 {White responds vigorously by attacking the a-pawn
with a third piece.  The queen's further infiltration into Black's territory
also clears the c5-square so that the rook can use that as a springboard to
get to the seventh rank.} Qc8 {Black cannot guard all his pawns (if 32...Bc8,
then 33. Qxd5), so he deserts the a-pawn to try to get at White's king via the
open c-file.} 33. Rc5 {Not through the Iron Duke!  It is more important to
retain control of the c-file and to keep Black's pieces off it than to pick up
stray pawns.} Qb7 {The queen hasn't a wide choice of squares to feel from the
rook's attack.} 34. h4 {This immobilizes Black's kingside pawns and also
guards against any surprise attack on that wing.} a5 {Black tries to open a
file for his queen by main force.  What else is ther?  After} (34... Kg7 35.
Rc7 Qb8 36. Bxa6 Kg8 (36... Rxa6 37. Rxf7+ {winning the queen.}) 37. Bb7 Ra7
38. Rc8+ Bxc8 39. Qxb8 {White wins easily.}) 35. Rc7 {This reduces the queen's
flight squares to the minimum - just one square!  White is now in full control
of all the strategically important areas - the c-file, the all important
c5-square, the d-file, the sixth rank and the seventh rank.} Qb8 {The only
hiding place!  The queen is driven further and further back.} 36. b5 {A new
source of trouble!  White has a passed pawn moving up the board.} a4 {Black
must give his rook more room.} 37. b6 {Threatening to continue with 38. b7 Ra7
39. Rc8+ Bxc8 40. Qxb8, winning everything in sight.} Ra5 {The rook
accomplishes nothing here, but there is no real defence.} 38. b7 {Renewing the
threat of winning the queen by 39. Rc8+    There is no holding out any longer:
1) 38... Kg7 39. Rxf7+ wins the queen at once by discovered attack/  2) 38...
Qe8 39. Qb6 wins the rook in an odd way.  3) 38...Qa7 39. Qd8+ Kg7 40. b8Q
leaves White with an extra queen.    The whole game is a remarkable example of
the systematic exploitation of a positional advantage.  The manner in which
the c5-square is used as a springboard for White's pieces - the bishop, knight,
rook and then the queen occupying it in turn - contributes a bit of sleight of
hand to an artistic achivement of the highest sort.} 1-0

[Event "Logical Chess, Move by Move #21"]
[Site "New York USA"]
[Date "1942"]
[Round "21"]
[White "Chernev"]
[Black "Hahlbohm"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "D05"]
[Annotator "Irving Chernev"]
[PlyCount "47"]
[EventDate "1942"]

1. d4 {This is one of the best moves on the board - and so is 1. e4! Either
move establishes a pawn in the center, while permitting two pieces to come
into play. Which move should you adopt? The choice is a matter of taste.
Broadly speaking, 1. e4 leads more often to wide-open attacking games, while 1.
d4 tends toward a struggle for positional advantage. Blackburne says, "The
first piece of advice I would offer to the young student who wishes to improve
his chess is that in the formation of his style he should try to follow his
own aptitude and temperament. One player derives pleasure in working a game
out accurately like a sum in mathematics; another cares for nothing but
ingenious combinations and brilliant attakcs. It is by far the best for each
to develop his own qualities."} d5 {An excellent reply, as it prevents White
from continuting with 2. e4, when the two pawns abreast dominate the center.
Black, too, frees his queen and bishop.} 2. Nf3 {Instead of this, White often
plays 2. c4, offering a pawn. This is a gambit only by the grace of definition,
since White recovers the pawn easily while maintaining a strong position. The
knight move has the virtue of developing a piece to its most useful post while
retaining the option of transposing into the Queen's Gambit.} e6 {Perfectly
safe, but somewhat modest. I would prefert 2...Nf6, which does not commit
Black to defensive play and eos not interfere with the c8-bishop's development.
The text move is the best way to support the d-pawn AFTER WHITE HAS ATTACKED
IT BY C4, but White has not yet made this threatening gesture!} 3. e3 {This
quiet move is the prelude to the Colle Attack, a vicious kingside assault. The
general plan of the Colle is to advance the e-pawn to e4, AFTER SUITABLE
PREPARATION. This consists of the following manuvers: 1) developing the
f1-bishop at d3, to reinforce the pressure on the vital e4-square and to
attack Black's h-pawn, a tender point after he castles; 2) posting the queen's
knight at d2 (not c3, as the c-pawn must not be obstructed), to bear down on
e4 and lend support to the e-pawn when it reaches that square; 3) castling on
the kingside, to mobilize the h1-rook; 4) developing the queen at e2 and/or
the rook at e1, to add further weight to the contemplated pawn push; 5)
advancing the pawn to e4. The pawn moves only one square, but it sets all the
machinery in motion: the position in the center will be ripped apar and lines
opened for White's attacking forces.} c5 {This thrust at the pawn-center is
practically compulsory for Black in queen's pawn openings. 1) Black MUST FIGHT
for an equal share of the center. 2) Black MUST DISPUTE possession of the
important squares.} 4. c3 {Supporting White's center and making ready for Bd3,
since it prepares the retreat square c2 in case Black should attack this
bishop by ...c4.} Nf6 {Natural and strong. This is the best possible
disposition of the king's knight. It is developed TOWARD THE CENTER, so as to
take part in the events there. It is in the center that most of the fighting
takes place, and whatever happens there affects the rest of the chessboard.
Superiority in the center is essential for a positional advantage, and control
of the center is indispensable to the successful conduct of a kingside attack.
ALL DEVELOPMENT SHOULD THEREFORE BE CONDUCTED WITH A VIEW TO THE EFFECT ON THE
CENTER. A plausible move, instead of the text, is the advance 4...c4 to
prevent White from placing his bishop at d3. It is the kind of move many
players find irresistible, but it must be avoided. It is an error in strategy,
as it relaxes the pressure on White's d-pawn and the center. 1) IT IS
IMPORTANT TO KEEP THE PAWN POSITION IN THE CENTER FLUID. 2) IT IS IMPORTANT TO
MAINTAIN PRESSURE ON WHITE'S D-PAWN IN THE CENTER. 3) IT IS IMPORTANT TO
RETAIN THE OPTION OF EXCHANGING PAWNS IN THE CENTER.} 5. Bd3 {An ideal
development for the bishop: it controls the b1-h7 diagonal leading to Black's
king (after he castles) and bears downs on the key e4-square, where the break
will come.} Nc6 {The knight comes into play toward the center, as prescribed.
Black has an eye to freeing his game by an early ...e5. A good alternative is
5...Nbd7 in order to recapture with the knight, instead of with the bishop, if
White should play 6. dxc5.} 6. Nbd2 {Offhand this looks unnatural, as the
knight seems awkwardly placed and blocks the path of the c1-bishop. In reality
the knight performs its two assigned tasks: IT GETS INTO THE GAME even it it
is only at the modest d2-square, and it also lends support to the coming
action at the critical point e4. The c1-bishop is inconvenienced, but only
temporarily.} Be7 {This is preferable to the aggresive development at d6. The
bishop is needed closer to home for defence of the king.} 7. O-O {This
remarkable COUP, by means of which the king is spirited away to safety while
the rook magically appears on the scene, is probably the most significatn
contribution to civilization since the invention of the wheel.} O-O {Black
also hurries to safeguard his king and put the king's rook to work.} 8. Qe2 {
A perfect spot for the queen in nearly every form of the queen's pawn opening.
The queen supports the contemplated advance of the e-pawn and will add a great
deal of weight to the consequent attack.} Re8 {Rooks mus seize open files!
What if there are none? Then bring your rooks toward the center! They will
then be at the head of files most likely to be opened. That is why the king's
rook is usually developed at e8 or d8, while the queen's rook goes to d8 or c8.
} 9. dxc5 {The thrust 9. e4 would be premature: after 9...dxe4 10. Nxe4 cxd4
White would lose a pawn. The text-move was made with these further
considerations in mind: 1) Black's bishop, which as moved once, will have to
waste a move in recapturing the pawn; 2) this bishop, needed for the defence
of the kingside, will find itself on the wrong side of the board. 3) at c5,
the bishop will stand inprotected and subject to a surprise attack; 4) White's
knight at d2 will gain a tempo later by moving to b3, where it threatens the
exposed bishop while simultaneously clearing a way for his own dark-squared
bishop; 5) in the ending, if it comes to that, White will have the favorable
arrangement of three pawns to two on the queenside.} Bxc5 {Black must
recapture or be a pawn down.} 10. e4 {The key move in the Colle Attack! It is
the forcible break which releases all the fury of the pent-up pieces. How
should Black reply? If he exchanges by 10...dxe4, then after 11. Nxe4 Nxe4 12.
Qxe4, he is threatened with the devastating 13. Qxh7+. No longer does he have
a knight at f6 (the best defender of a castled position) so he would have to
weaken himself by moving one of the pawns in front of the king. If he avoid
exchanging pawns and plays 10...d4 instead, then comes 11. Bb3 Bb6 (the bishop
must stay in touch with the d-pawn) 12. e5 Nd5, and White should win
"accurately like a sum in mathematics", as Blackburne puts it, by 13. cxd4.
The attempt to win through "ingenious combination and brilliant attack" by 13.
Bxh7+ Kxh7 14. Ng5+ succeeds after 14...Kg6 15. Qe4+ f5 16 exf6+ Kxf6 17. Qf3+
Ke7 (if 17...Ke5, then 18 Nf7#) 18. Qf7+ Kd6 19. Ne4+ Ke5 20. Qh5+ g5 (20...
Kxe4 21. Nd2+ Kd3 22. Qg6+ Ke2 23. Qg4+ Kd3 24. Qe4#) 21. Bxg5, leading to
mate in a few moves. However, 14...Kg8 15. Qh5 Nxe5 is a dash of cold water,
after which White would be hard-pressed to justify his sacrifice.} e5 {Black
avoids both pitfalls and plays to prevent 11. e5, which would dislodge the
knight. Meanwhile, the rook has more elbow-room, and the c8-bishop can now
take part in the action.} 11. exd5 {Work in progress! White continues the
process of opening lines for the attack. The e4-square is now available as a
jumping-off spot for his pieces.} Nxd5 ({Black did not care to capture with
his queen, as after} 11... Qxd5 12. Bc4 {these lines are possible:} Qd6 (12...
Qd7 13. Ng5 Re7 14. Nde4 Nxe4 15. Qxe4 {threatening the h-pawn} g6 16. Qh4 h5
17. Ne4 {and Black must give up his bishop to avert loss of his queen by a
knight fork.}) (12... Qd8 13. Nb3 Bb6 {and White will have a happy time
weighing the effect of various attacks beginning with} 14. Bg5 (14. Rd1) (14.
Ng5)) 13. Ng5 {threatening 14. Bxf7+, winning the exchange} Re7 14. Nde4 Nxe4
15. Nxe4 {and White wins the bishop}) 12. Nb3 {Gaining a tempo by the attack
on the exposed bishop. Note too that White's c1-bishop now has lots of room.}
Qb6 {A move with deceptive aspects. It is rue that the queen has made a
developing move and that the bishop is now protected, but other factors appear
in the reckoning. Black's kingside lacks pieces for defence, and his knight at
d5 is loose (unguarded by another piece or pawn.) Is there a combination? Is
there a check or capture - a move that does some damage? Yes, indeed there is!}
13. Bxh7+ {Such opportunities must be seized at once, before the opponent has
a chance to catch his breath.} Kxh7 {Refusing to capture is even worse: the
bishop can run away with his booty or stay put while the attack continue with
14. Qc4, and the queen pounces on the stranded pieces in the center.} 14. Qe4+
{The point! By means of a double attack White regains his piece, with and
extra pawn as interest on his investment.} Kg8 {There is nothing to be gained
by interposing a pawn by 14...f5 or 14...g6, either of which moves further
disrupts the kingside pawn position.} 15. Qxd5 {White wins the pieces back and
gains another tempo by the double attack on the bishop. Black is kept busy
defending and is given no time to consolidate his position. Without having
made any moves that were obviously bad, Black has a theoretically lost game.}
Bf8 {Abject retreat, but the alternative 15...Be7 lets White take the poorly
defended e-pawn.} 16. Ng5 {Threatening 17. Qxf7+, and mate in two more moves.
Black must be given no respite!} Be6 {At last, the light-squared bishop comes
into the game. Black's move looks effective as mate is warded off, the enemy
queen driven back, a piece developed, and another one (the a8-rook) released.}
17. Qe4 {The queen retreats, but no time is lost as mate is threatened at h7.}
g6 {Black has little choice, and his is a better defence than} (17... f5 18.
Qh4 Bd6 (18... Bc5 19. Nxe6 Rxe6 20. Qc4 {winning a piece}) 19. Qh7+ Kf8 20.
Qg6 Nd8 {if the e6-bishop moves, then its colleague on d6 falls} 21. Nh7+ Ke7
22. Qxg7+ {leads to catastrophe}) 18. Qh4 {Again threatening mate on the move.
Black is kept on the run and has to place his pieces where White's mating
threats compel them to go.} Bg7 {White cannot be kept from checking at h7, but
this prevents the queen's further inroad at h8. Failure to keep the queen out,
for instance by 18...Bd6 instead, would lose after 19. Qh7+ Kf8 20. Nxe6+ Rxe6
(if 20...fxe6, then 21. Bh6#) 21. Qh8+, and White wins a rook. With the actual
move, Black seems to have built a bomb-proff shelter for his king.} 19. Be3 {
So White brings up the reserves! The dark-squared bishop comes into active
play with gain of tempo. The attack on the queen is incidental to the bishop's
real purpose, which is to gain control of c5 for itself or the knight. A
knight planted there would dominate the center and the queenside; a bishop
would be useful to prevent Black's king escaping by way of f8.} Qa6 {Black
rejects} (19... Qc7 {as he visualizes the contuation} 20. Qh7+ Kf8 21. Bc5+ Ne7
22. Qxg6 fxg6 (22... Qxc5 23. Nxe6+ fxe6 24. Qxe8+ Kxe8 25. Nxc5 {winning
easily}) 23. Nxe6+ Kg8 24. Nxc7 {when Black's rooks are impaled on a knight
fork.}) 20. Nc5 {Once more one of White's pieces invades the enemy's half of
the board by the timesaving expedient of attacking the queen.} Qc4 {Hoping to
get some peace by effecting an exchange of queens.} 21. Qh7+ {With the object
of smoking the king out and ripping away his pawn protection.} Kf8 {The only
move left} 22. Ncxe6+ {There is often more than one way to win, ONCE A
POSITIONAL SUPERIORITY HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED.  A pretty finish would be 22.
Ngxe6+ fxe6 23. Bh6 Re7 (or 23....Bxh6 24. Nd7#) 24. Qb8+ (if only to show
that the queen CAN get to h8) 24...Kf7 25. Qxg7+ Ke8 26. Qg8#.} fxe6 {If Black
sacrifices the exchange by 22...Rxe6 then he may prolong but not alleviate the
suffering.} 23. Qxg6 {Threatening Qf7#} Nd8 {I was hoping for 23...Re7, when I
could have forced the win by the 'excelsior' idea, a pawn march up the board,
as follows: 24. f4 (threatening 25. fxe5+ Kg8 26. Qh7#) 24...c4 25. f5 (again
threatening to deliver discovered check) 25...e5 26. f6 and White wins.} 24.
Nh7+ {Here I was sorely tempted to go in for the flashy win by 24. f4 e4 25.
f5 e5 26. f6 Bh8 27. Nh7#, but common sense prevailed.  One must win in the
quickest possible way and play the simple, brutal move if thereby it shortens
the struggle.    If 24...Kg8, then 25. Nf6+ Kh8 (or 25...Kf8 26. Qxe8#) 26.
Qh7#, or if 24...Ke7, then 25 Rad1, and mate follows after 26. Bg5+ or 26.
Qxg7+.} 1-0

[Event "Logical Chess, Move by Move #22"]
[Site "Paris FRA"]
[Date "1900"]
[Round "22"]
[White "Pillsbury"]
[Black "Marco"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "D55"]
[Annotator "Irving Chernev"]
[PlyCount "55"]
[EventDate "1900"]

1. d4 {Whether for fun, honor or blood, this is one of the best ways to begin
the fight. Outlets are created for the queen and a bishop, while the d-pawn
itself takes an active part in the struggle for control of the center. It
occupies d4 and stand guard over e5 and c5, making those squares unavailable
for the opponent's pieces.} d5 {The simplest way to stop White gaining more
ground in the center. If White is permitted to play 2. e4 freely, the two
pawns abreast in the center will give him the balance of power in that
important area.} 2. c4 {White offers a pawn in order to eliminate Black's
strong point in the center. It is necessary to play this move before
developing the b1-knight at c3, as the c-file must not be obstructed.} e6 {
Black is set to reply to 3. cxd5 with 3...exd5, maintaining a pawn at d5. If
he were to recapture with a piece, White could attack it, drive it off and
create a strong pawn-center by playing e4. Accepting White's pawn offer by 2..
.dxc4 is not recommended policy. Black could not hold on to the extra pawn, so
that in the end it would amount to exchanging a center pawn for a side pawn.
It is true that the text-move limits the c8-bishop's scope, but it is a
necessary evil of what is probably Black's soundest defence. In this lies the
great strength of the Queen's Gambit (for White) and its popularity with the
majority of players who feel happy with an opening which lets them exert
pressure from the very first move.} 3. Nc3 {The knight develops aggressively,
moving in toward the center and intensifying the attack on Black's d-pawn.} Nf6
{An excellent move: it brings the g8-knight to its most suitable square in the
opening, exerts pressure on d5 and e4 (to neutralize the influence of White's
knight on those squares), helps defend the central d5-pawn and facilitates
early kingside castling.} 4. Bg5 {This powerful move develops a piece, pins
one of Black's and threatens by 5. Bxf6 gxf6 (if 5...Qxf6 then 6. cxd5 exd5 7.
Nxd5 and White wins a pawn) to dislocate Black's pawn position on the kingside.
Strangely enough, although Pillsbury used this move to great effect in a
magnificent victory over Tarrasch at Hastings in 1895, the comment on it by
Gunsberg, who annotated the game for the tournament book, was, "No good
results from this early sortie of the bishop. The attack, or perhaps better
speaking, would-be attack differs from similar play in the French Defence,
inasmuch as White has not the move e5 at his command. Generally speaking, both
the first and the second player in this opening require their queen's bishop
on the queenside." This view, it turned out, easily qualified for 'the clouded
crystal ball department'. Pillsbury utilized the attack stemming from 4. Bg5
for some of his most marvellous triumphs, defeating such masters of the game
as Steinitz, Maroczy, Janowsky, Burn, Marco and Tarrasch. Others who evaded
this line, such as Lasker, Marshall and Chigorin (to name a few) fell victims
to other forms of the Queen's Gambit. Gunsberg, who criticized this form of
attack so severely, chose what Lasker called "a peculiar, but not altogether
sound, manner of development", with the result that Pillsbury defeated him in
an ending which is one of the most beautiful in the literature of chess. In
short, it was Pillsbury's great success with the Queen's Gambit that revealed
its terrific strength to the other masters and gave it a popularity that has
continuted to this day.} Be7 {The simplest: Black develops the bishop where it
is best placed for defence - close to home. Incidentally, he neutralizes the
pin of the knight.} 5. e3 {Pawns should be moved sparingly in the opening, but
moves which help pieces come into play are developing moves. In playing 5. e3,
White develops because he creates an outlet for his f1-bishop.} O-O {The king
finds safter quarters while the rook prepares to make itself useful.} 6. Nf3 {
With the development of this piece, White's knights now exert pressure on all
the four squares in the center. Moreover, the f3 knight has an eye to
utilizing e5 as an outpost. Once firmly stationed there, it will get a death
grip on Black's position.} b6 {IT is natural to develop the bishop at b7,
especially as it is hemmed in on the other side, and indeed this is one of
Black's soundest plans - however, it would have been more accurate to precede
it by 6...h6, so as to remove the h-pawn from the vulnerable h7-square with
gain of tempo. An alternative continuation was 6...Nbd7 to support a thrust at
White's center by ...c5 or ...e5. The knight move would also curb White
ambition to anchor his f3-knight at e5.} 7. Bd3 {An ideal spot for the bishop:
it commands an important diagonal and aims at Black's h-pawn. This pawn is in
no immediate danger, but it does stand in the line of fire.} Bb7 {Black
expects to control the long diagonal with his bishop by means of this
fianchetto. However, Pillsbury's next move puts Black in a dilemma.} 8. cxd5 {
White removes a pawn and lets Black recapture in any of four ways - none of
them satisfactory!} exd5 {Black wants to maintain a pawn in the center, but
this pawn blocks the path of his b7-bishop and prevents it from accomplishing
anything useful on the diagonal. Black could have captured with a piece
instead, but that amounts to an eventual surrender of the center. White would
evict the piece by e4 and remain in control of all the strategically important
central squares.} 9. Ne5 {This is the key move in the famous 'Pillsbury
Attack'. The knight anchors itself on a square from which its striking power
is terrific! Its attack extends in all directions affecting the queenside as
well as the kingside.} Nbd7 {This knight does what it can: it develops, it
threatens to do battle with White's knight and it stands ready to support a
break by 10...c5, disputing control of the center.} 10. f4 {This pawn not only
strengthens the position of the knight by providing it with a firm base, but
it discourages Black from exchanging pieces. On 10...Nxe5, the recapture by 11.
fxe5 opens wide the f-file for an attack by the heavy pieces. The capturing
pawn itself willthen stab at Black's f6-knight and drive it away from its
strong defensive post.} c5 {This demonstration on the queenside is either too
soon or too late. Black wants to attack on the queenside where, after playing
11...c4, he will have a three to two pawn majority. What he underestimates is
the speed and vigor with which White can get an attack rolling on the kingside.
It will strike faster and with more force than any action of Black's on the
queenside. Black must deprive White's attack of some of its strength by
effecting some exchanges and then counterattacking in the center. One
possibility was 10...Ne8 11. Bxe7 Qxe7 12. 0-0 Nxe5 13. fxe5 f6. This would
comply with two important principles in defence: 1) An exchange relieves a
crowded position. 2) An attack on a wing is best met by play in the center.}
11. O-O {A defensive measure (the king should be sheltered) but primarily to
put the rook immediately to work on the partly open f-file.} c4 {With the idea
of securing a queenside pawn majority. This is commendable strategy for the
ending, but Black has not yet survived the middlegame! The move 11...c4 is a
strategic error. It removes the pressure on White's d-pawn and relieves the
tension. As long as Black has the option of capturing the d-pawn and
disturbing White's center, it is difficult for White to stabilize the center.
And until the center is stabilized, the success of a kingside attack for White
is doubtful. The moral is clear: KEEP THE PAWN POSITION IN THE CENTER FLUID;
RESERVE THE OPTION OF CAPTURING THE CENTRAL PAWN.} 12. Bc2 {The bishop
retreats but does not relax its grip on the diagonal leading to Black's
kingside.} a6 {Preparing a sweeping advance of queenside pawns, beginning with
13...b5 and 14...b4.} 13. Qf3 {White bring up the heavy artillery. White's
object with the queen move is to start a direct attack on the king, and he
gains time because he forces Black to deal with the threat to win a pawn by 14.
Nxc4 dxc4 15. Qxb7. To defend himself against White's threats, Black will be
forced to mvoe some pawn near his king. This change in the pawn formation will
loosen the structure and create an irreparable weakness in the king's defences.
} b5 {Marco protect the c-pawn and proceeds with his counterattack on the
queenside. Note how Black's last three moves, filling up light squares with
pawns, further reduce what little mobility his light-squared bishop has.} 14.
Qh3 {Threatening 15. Nxd7 Qxd7 (certainly not 15...Nxd7 16. Qh7#), after which
White has a choice of three winning continuations: 1) 16. Qxd7 Nxd7 17 Bxe7,
and White gains a piece. 2) 16. Bxh7+ Kh8 (if 16...Nxh7, then 17. Qxd7 wins)
17. Bf5+, and White wins the queen. 3) 16. Bf5 Qd8 17. Bxf6 Bxf6 18. Qxh7#.
"All this is very interesting" you might say, "but how does White plan this
series of moves? What makes him look at even so much as the first move in the
combination?" Very well! Let's try to follow his line of reasoning: White
attacks the critical point, Black's h7-pawn, with queen and bishop. If this
pawn were protected only by the king, White could capture it and announce mate.
But the pawn has another protector, a knight. How about removing the knight?
That would not do. It would only be replaced by another knight. How about
getting rid of the other knight? With that knight disposed of, wouldn't the
whole structure collapse? Once White thinks in this direction and sees the
first move in the combination, the rest of it plays itself. In fact, once he
finds the key - removing the knight which protects the knight which protects
against mate - he can win any way he pleases.} g6 {Black avoids being mated by
making a simple pawn move. What then has White accomplished, if his mating
combination can so easily be frustrated? It is true that White has not
inflicted mate, but the threat of doing so has enabled him to achieve his real
objective - a disturbance in the line-up of pawns near Black's king. THIS
CHANGE IN THE PAWN CONFIGURATION WEAKENS THE ENTIRE DEFENSIVE STRUCTURE. After
Black's actual move, his f6-knight, deprived of its pawn support, is a
vulnerable object of attack, notwithstanding the fact that it is protected by
three pieces. What other defence did Black have? If 14...h6, then 15. Bxh6
gxh6 16. Qxh6 Ne4 17. Rf3 (threatening 18. Rg3+ Nxg3 19. Qh7#) 17...Kdf6 18
Rh3, is winning for White. Or if 14...Nxe5 (to avoid moving the kingside pawns)
, then 15. dxe5 Ne4 16. Bxe4 dxe4 17. Rad1 Qe8 18. Bxe7 Qxe7 19. Rd7 and th
eb7-bishop perishes.} 15. f5 {A pawn is a wonderful weapon of attack!  This
one threatens to break up Black's pawn cordon by 16. fxg6.  The capture will
also uncover an attack on Black's f6-knight by the rook, an attack which could
be augmented by doubling rooks.} b4 {Clearly 15...gxf5 is out of the question.
White would recapture with the bishop with a tremendous game.    Black hopes,
with his threat on the c3-knight, to divert White's attention from the course
of events on the kingside.  If he can persuade White to delay the attack for
even a moment, he might put up a fight.  If, for example, White prudently
retreats the knight to e2, then 16...Ne4 complicates White's task.} 16. fxg6 {
Ripping right into Black's position!  The rook's attacking range is lengthened
- he has the whole f-file to work on - while the bishop's attack leads
straight to the enemy king!} hxg6 {Let's dispose of the alternatives:} (16...
bxc3 17. Bxf6 Nxf6 18. Rxf6 fxg6 (18... Bxf6 19. Qxh7#) 19. Bxg6 hxg6 20. Rxg6#
) (16... fxg6 17. Qe6+ Kh8 18. Nxd7 Nxd7 (18... Qxd7 19. Bxf6+ Bxf6 20. Qxd7)
19. Rxf8+ Nxf8 20. Qe5+ Kg8 21. Qxe7 {and White wins.}) 17. Qh4 {Concentrating
his fire on the f6-knight, whose position has been weakened by the loss of his
pawn support.} bxc3 {Black might as well take the knight.  The alternative 17..
.Nxe5 loses to 18. dxe5 bxc3 19. exf6 Bd6 20. Qh6.    Before White makes his
next move, let us look at the object of his attack, the knight at f6. 
Although it has lost the protection of the g7-pawn, which has had to move to
g6, it is still immune from capture, since it has a defender for every piece
that attacks it.  In fact, if White tries something like 18. Bxf6 Bxf6 19.
Rxf6 Qxf6 20. Qxf6 Nxf6, he finds himself a rook down.  So direct assault
doesn't do it!  The answer must then lie in indirect means.  We have lured
away one of the knight's defenders, the pawn.  Can we get rid of its other
protectors?  Indeed we can!} 18. Nxd7 {This removes one of the props
supporting the knight.} Qxd7 {And this recapture draws another one away! 
Notice the technique of besieging a heavily guarded objective by doing away
with the pieces that protect it.  In this case, two of the knight's defenders
have disappeared - one removed bodily, and the other lured away by the
compulsion to recapture.    Black had no better defence in 18...Nxd7 as 19.
Bxe7 Qa5 20. b4 (faster than 20. Bxf8) 20...cxb3 21. axb3 Qb6 22. Rf3,
followed by 23. Rh3, forces a quick mate.} 19. Rxf6 {Stronger than 19. Bxf6 as
Black dare not take the rook.} a5 {If} (19... Bxf6 20. Bxf6 {threatening} --
21. Qh8# {is conclusive.    Black's actual move prepares 20...Ra6, to help
defend the vulnerable g-pawn and perhaps to beat off White's rook.}) 20. Raf1 {
Doubling the rooks institutes two new winning threats:  1) 21. Bxg6 fxg6 22.
Rxg6# and  2) R1f3 followed by 22. Rh3 and 23. Rh8#} Ra6 {Hoping to induce an
exchange of rooks which would divert one of White's pieces from the attack. 
White could still win, but the play would require care.  It might go like this:
21. Rxa6 Bxg5 22. Rxg5 Bxa6 23. Rf6 (23. Bxg6 at once is risky and might even
lose) 23...cxb2 24. Bxg6 fxg6 25. Rxg6+ Kf7 26. Rg7+ Ke8 27. Qe5+ Kd8 28. Qb8+
Bc8 29. Rxd7+ Kxd7 30. Qxb2, etc.    But Pillsbury is not to be swayed!  He
carries out the motif of the attack with admirable consistency by annihilating
the g-pawn that stepped out of line and weakened the defensive formation.} 21.
Bxg6 {Logic and poetic justice dictate that this pawn be destroyed.} fxg6 {
White was threatening mate on the move.    Pillsbury now showed a forced mate
in seven moves by} 22. Rxf8+ Bxf8 23. Rxf8+ Kxf8 24. Qh8+ Kf7 25. Qh7+ Kf8 26.
Qxd7 cxb2 27. Bh6+ Kg8 28. Qg7# {More than any other, this game made the chess
world aware of the terrific potential of the Queen's Gambit, a positional
opening, as an instrument of attack.  The assault on the kingside is carried
out with speed and power, and unlike attacks stemming from speculative king's
pawn gambits, it is founded on a position sound to the core.} 1-0

[Event "Logical Chess, Move by Move #23"]
[Site "Ostend, BEL"]
[Date "1907"]
[Round "23"]
[White "Vliet"]
[Black "Znosko-Borovsky"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "D00"]
[Annotator "Irving Chernev"]
[PlyCount "72"]
[EventDate "1907"]

1. d4 {The queen's pawn opening, to paraphrase George Bernard Shaw, "offers
the maximum security with the maximum opportunity." With the first move, White
occupies the center with a pawn and frees two of the queenside pieces. His
general plan of development runs somewhat as follows: He will establish and
maintain at least one pawn in the center. This pawn will act as a support to a
knight outpost at e5 or c5. The bishops are to take charge of key diagonals or
pin enemy pieces. The rooks are to control the open or partly open files. The
queen should stand at c2 or e2, close to home but off the back rank. The king
should find safety in castling, preferably on the kingside. Basically, White's
aim is to gain space and crowd Black to the wall. With less room to move
around in, and with the consequent difficulty of manuvering his pieces
effectively, Black will be forced to weaken his position. He will have to make
some poor moves, because good moves are not easily available in a cramped
position. The weaknesses will come to light, and the opportunity to exploit
them will come in the form of a combination, resolving the issue at one stroke.
} d5 {This is a more forthright move than 1...Nf6. Either of these moves
prevents White from playing 2. e4 and establishing two pawns in the center.
The text-move offsets White's pressure in the center and creates a state of
equilibrium there.} 2. e3 {A strangely passive move in an opening where every
single moment counts. Usually, White strikes at Black'd d-pawn by 2. c4 to
weaken his grip on the center. Or, if White does not want to show his hand too
soon, he simply develops a piece by 2. Nf3} c5 {So Black takes the initiative
and plays this all-important freeing move. It opens the c-file for the use of
the rooks and gives the b8-knight more scope by letting it come out at c6. The
c-pawn itself puts up a fight for possession of the center by its attack on
White's d-pawn.} 3. c3 {Indicating that he intends to reply to 3...cxd4 with 4.
cxd4. This would keep his pawn position in the center intact and open the
c-file for his major pieces.} e6 {Black must protect the c-pawn. Otherwise
White might play 4. dxc5, and then hang on to the extra pawn by supporting it
with 5. b4.} 4. Bd3 {The bishop develops to a useful diagonal, where it exerts
pressure on the center and is ready to participate in a kingside attack.} Nc6 {
A rare opportunity for his knight, who seldom gets good breaks in queen's pawn
openings. From its post at c6 the knight brings considerable influence to bear
on e5 and d4 and, as it later turns out, on another important sector.} 5. f4 {
White has made four out of five moves with pawns in order to secure a
particular arrangements known as the Stonewall Attack. Aside from the fact
that making so many panw moves in the opening is a flagrant violation of
principle, the adoption of a system which calls for the launching of an attack
by a preconceived formation of pieces, without regard to the advisability of
an attack and without reference to the requirements of the particular position,
is contrary to the concept of proper strategy and to the spirit of chess
itself. What such an expedition amounts to is undertaking the risk of assuming
the offensive against an enemy whose force is equal, whose line-up of power is
unknown and who has betrayed no vulnerable points. Under these conditions, an
attack is premature and is sure to be repulsed and turned into a disorderly
retreat. It any such system worked, it would be fine for White, who would
always win, but then who would want to play Black?} Nf6 {An excellent
development while awaiting developments!  Both Black's knights are poised
beautifull, with one watching over e5 and d4, while the other keeps the two
remaining central squares under observation.} 6. Nd2 {This knight has the
unhappy choice of making its entrance at this square or at a3.  At d2, it
blocks the bishop and itself has no bright prospects in view.  At a3, it is
only half a knight, since it reaches at most in four directions instead of
eight.} Qc7 {Very good, since the heavy pieces (the queen and the rooks)
fulfil their functions best when placed on open files, or files likely to be
opened.  The queen develops with gain of tempo since a positional threat is
involved - which White either overlooks, or disregards.} 7. Ngf3 {Routine and
in this case thoughless development.  White is so intent on carrying out the
basic theme of the Stonewall attack (posting of a knight at e5, stoutly
supported by pawns) that he fails to stop at every move to ask, "What does my
opponent threaten with his last move?  Has he any checks or captures that cut
down my choice of reply?"} cxd4 {Black wrenches the c-file open at one blow!}
8. cxd4 {The point of Black's move is revealed in this forced recapture. 
White could not take by 8. exd4 (hoping to maintain strong pawn support for
the prospective stationing of a knight at e5) as that permits the brutal reply
8...Qxf4 winning a pawn for Black.  The alternative, 8. Nxd4, conflicts with
the system White had determined to follow before lines of battle were drawn up.
In that scheme of things, the knight belongs at e5, not d4, while the
d4-square should be occupied by a pawn.} Nb4 {A disturbing attack on the
bishop!  Without the services of this piece, White can never hope to work up
an effective kingside attack.} 9. Bb1 {An unusual square of retreat, but the
only one available if the bishop wants to stay on the diagonal leading to
Black's kingside.  White is not too troubled by this setback.  He expects to
drive the enemy knight off with 10. a3 and then reorganize his troops.} Bd7 {
A quiet move, but a subtle one.  The bishop will make its presence felt, even
from this modest start.  Black is now prepared to shift his rook over to c8 to
strengthen his grip on the c-file.} 10. a3 {Before going about his business,
White must dislodge the annoying knight, which disconcerts his entire
queenside.} Rc8 {This counterattack must have come as a surprise to White. 
What shall he do against the threat of 11...Qxc1?  If he plays 11. axb4 there
comes 11...Qxc1 12. Rxa7 (certainly not 12. Qxc1 Rxc1+, and Black wins a rook)
12...Qxb2 (threatening 13...Rc1, pinning the queen) 13. 0-0 Qxb4, and Black is
a pawn ahead - and a passed pawn at that.} 11. O-O $2 {Now the bishop is
guarded by queen and rook, and so safe from capture.  The king meanwhile goes
into hiding.} Bb5 {The bishop seizes a fine diagonal with gain of time, as
White must move his rook out of range.} 12. Re1 {Clearly forced, since 12. Rf2
loses on the spot to 12...Qxc1, while 12. axb4 Bxf1 (threatening to continue
with 13...Qxc1) costs the exchange.} Nc2 {An attack on both rooks which leaves
White no choice of reply.  He must remove this terrible knight.} 13. Bxc2 {
After the alternative capture 13. Qxc2, Black plays 13...Qxc2 14. Bxc2 Rxc2
and has a rook on the seventh rank, as in the actual game.} Qxc2 {Black
penetrates into the vitals of the enemy's position - the seventh rank.  White
is almost paralyzed:  1) his e1-rook and queen are prevented from moving by
Black's b5-bishop  2) his bishop cannot move at all  3) one knight must stay
at d2 to prevent 14...Ne4  4) the a1-rook can move - but to no avail.} 14. Qxc2
{So he exchanges his helpless queen for Black's active one.} Rxc2 {The upshot
of Black's positional combination is that it has given him full control of the
open file and a grip on the seventh rank with his rook.  The position of the
rook at c2 has a terribly constricting effect on White's game.  It is
especially troublesome as the rook is not easily driven off, while White's
pieces are still in each other's way.} 15. h3 {To prevent 15...Ng4, an
invasion by another piece.} Bd6 {The bishop develops to a useful diagonal.} 16.
Nb1 {White's idea is to rearrange his forces so as to get some freedom of
movement.  He plans the continuation 17. Nc3 Ba6 18. Rd1, followed by 19. Rd2
to get rid of Black's annoying rook.  By this means, his bishop might
eventually see some action.} Ne4 {The knight immediately pounces on this
excellent outpost!  Not only does this throttle any freeing advance of the
e3-pawn, but it also sweeps aside White's plan of reorganization.  If White
tries 17. Nc3, then 17...Nxc3 18. bxc3 Rxc3 wins a pawn for Black.} 17. Nfd2 {
White therefore ties to exchange or otherwise dispose of Black's powerfully
places knight.  After that, he might arrive at some reasonable development.}
Bd3 {Black falls un with this offer, with the stipulation that if knights are
to be exchanged, he wants another piece occupying the outpost at e4.} 18. Nxe4
{White has no option but to clear the board of as many pieces as he can,
otherwise he will never be able to extricate his forces from their tangled
position.  The move 18. Nc3, which earlier would have lost a pawn, is even
worse now because after 18...Nxd2 19. Bxd2 Rxd2 Black wins a piece.} Bxe4 {
Black recaptures with the threat of 19...Rxg2+, so White has not time to play
19. Nc3.} 19. Nd2 {White saves the g-pawn by blocking the rook, but he cuts
off his own bishop as well - and White's back to the previous entanglement. 
Unfortunatly nothing else is promising.  If 19. Bd2, then 19...Rxb2 20. Rc1 
(getting an open file for the pawn and threatening 21. Rc8+) 20...Kd7, and
White will be driven off the file by the threat of 21...Bxb1 winning more
material, or 21...Rc8 opposing rooks on the file.} Kd7 {Much more energetic
than castling.  Mating threats are not likely with so few pieces on the board,
hence the king comes out into the open.  The king's power increases with every
reduction of force, and, as befits a fighting piece, the king heads for the
center to assist in the attack.  Meanwhile, a new avenue has been opened for
the benefit of the h8-rook.} 20. Nxe4 {White's only hope is to keep clearing
the board.} dxe4 {After this recapture, a survey shows the inferiority of
White's position:  1) the bishop is underdeveloped, preventing communication
between the rooks  2) the pawn cluster is the center is completely immobilized
3) ALL THE PIECES ARE STILL ON THE FIRST RANK.  Aside from the features of
this particular position, it is important to appreciate the peculiar strength
with which a rook is imbued when it dominate (as Black's does) the seventh
rank:  1) it attacks the pawns still remaining on the rank, striking all along
the line, so that defending them is difficult.  2) the rook can get behind
pawns that have moved off the rank and maintain constant pressure, since the
pawns are always under attack by the rook, no matter how far up the file they
move.  3) the rook restrains the enemy king from coming out to take a hand in
the ending, by guarding the line of exit.  The moral is:  In the opening,
shift the rooks toward the center, on files likely to be opened.  In the
middlegame, seize the open files and command them with your rooks.  In the
ending, post your rooks on the seventh rank.  Doubled rooks on the seventh
rank are almost irresistible in mating attacks.  If there is little material
left  on the board, the seventh rank is a convenient means of manuvering a
rook behind enemy pawns.} 21. Rb1 {Preparing to play 22. b4 followed by 23.
Bb2, to let the bishop finally see daylight.  It is useless to attemp to
dislodge Black's rook, for example after 21. Kf1 Rhc8 22. Re2 Rxc1+ Black wins
a piece.} Rhc8 {THE DOUBLING OF ROOKS ON AN OPEN FILE MORE THAN DOUBLES THEIR
STRENGTH ON THAT FILE.    Their power is manifest here, where they reduce
White resistance to the feeble hope of developing his bishop.  White's rooks
may not leave the first rank unless the bishop does so first.} 22. b4 {This
makes the b2-square available to the bishop.} R8c3 {Discouraging the project! 
Against 23. Bb2, Black plays 23...Rb3, with a double attack on the bishop. 
This forces 24. Ba1, when 24...Rxa3 wins a pawn for Black, who then doubles
rooks on the seventh rank for an easy win.} 23. Kf1 {The king comes closer to
guard the rook, which will protect the bishop when it comes off the first rank.
Stated in chess language, White intends 24. Bb2 Rb3 25. Re2 (a move previously
impossible) when all points are at least temporarily secure.} Kc6 {The king
takes a hand in the ending, making its way in along the weakened light squares.
Tarrasch's recipe in similar cases is"The king must be moved (in the ending)
as far as is compatible with his safety, right into the enemy camp, where he
can capture pawns, hold up hostile pawns and lead his own pawns on to queen." 
Reuben Fine says clearly and simply, "The king is a strong piece - use it!"}
24. Bb2 {The bishop manages to emerge, but is it too late?} Rb3 {Immediately
attacking the bishop and forcing White's next move.} 25. Re2 {Clearly the only
way to save the bishop without losing the a-pawn.  If instead 25. Rec1, then
25...Rxb2 wins a piece for Black.} Rxe2 {Black is happy to exchange rooks and
simplify the ending.  He retains a positional advantage in the superior
mobility of his pieces, including his king, who plans to get in among the
enemy pawns and wreak havoc there.} 26. Kxe2 {White recaptures and threatens
to extricate himself by 27. Rc1+ Kb5 28. Rc2, and the bishop is unpinned while
the rook (after 29.  Bc1) might even utilize the open file!} Kb5 {Lightly
stepping aside, the king evades the check.  He is headed for a4, to get a good
grip on White's queenside before starting to undermine the pawns on that wing.}
27. Kd2 {White's rook and bishop are immobilized, so he is reduced to king
moves and not too many at that, as the e-pawn needs protection.} Ka4 {Before
starting the decisive combination, Black renders the opposing pawns impotent.}
28. Ke2 {All that White has left, aside from meaningless moves by the kingside
pawns.} a5 {Pawns, as we shall see, are unexcelled as spearheads of an attack.
They can break through almost any barrier.  Black's threat is 29...axb4 30.
axb4 Kxb4, winning a pawn.} 29. Kf2 {On 29. bxa5, 29...Bxa3 regains the pawn
and then wins the bishop, while after 29. Kd2 axb4 30. axb4 Bxb4+ 31. Kc2 Ba3
Black exchanges all the pieces to leave himself with an extra pawn and an
elementary win.} axb4 {The first bit of booty.} 30. axb4 {Otherwise Black's
pawn continues to wreak havoc.} Kxb4 {Black does not take with the rook of the
bishop. Either would give White time for 31. Ra1+ and freedom for his bishop.}
31. Ke2 {White is restricted to waiting moves.} Kb5 {Here, too, moving the
king to the a-file or the c-file allows a check by the rook.  Black now
threatens to double the pressure on the pinned bishop by 32...Ba3 and win a
piece.} 32. Kd2 {The king moves closer to save the bishop.} Ba3 {Forcing the
issue by attacking the bishop again.} 33. Kc2 {The only move.} Rxb2+ {Clearing
the board of pieces and reducing to a pawn ending.  This is the simplest way
of winning an ending with an extra pawn.} 34. Rxb2+ {White must recapture.}
Bxb2 {Continuing the simplification.} 35. Kxb2 {The only move.} Kc4 {
Threatening to get at the kingside pawns by way of d3.} 36. Kc2 {Preventing
the planned invasion.} b5 {Passed pawns must be pushed!  This clinches the win,
as White cannot stop the pawn without letting Black's king come in among his
deserted pawns.    The continuation might be 37. g4 b4 38. h4 b3+ 39. Kd2 b2
40. Kc2 b1Q+ 41. Kxb1 Kd3 42. Kc1 Kxe3 43. Kd1 Kf2, and the new passed pawn
moves up the board to become a queen.} 0-1

[Event "Logical Chess, Move by Move #24"]
[Site "Carlsbad CZE"]
[Date "1929"]
[Round "24"]
[White "Capablanca"]
[Black "Mattison"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "E38"]
[Annotator "Irving Chernev"]
[PlyCount "39"]
[EventDate "1929"]

1. d4 {The popular impression of king's pawn opening is that they offer all
sorts of opportunities for whipping up a quick attack. A variety of gambits
can be played, pieces may be sacrificed to open lines, combinations ventured
on, and speculation indulged in - anything for the sake of mate. Sometimes
these tactics succeed, but very often the gambit player finds himself at the
wrong end of the attack, as wide-open positions are as dangerous for one side
as for the other. In queen's pawn openings, the ideal to strive for is
development for it's own sake. The attack is not the be-all and end-all. It is
not deliberately played for, but, strangely enough, the very fact that all the
pieces are developed economically, that they are put to work as quickly as
possible on the squares where they function best, seems to imbue them with
marvellous powers of attack. Combinations come into life out of nothing! Can
it be that the simple posting of pieces where they have the greatest freedom
of movement and the greatest command of the board generates in them so much
dynamic energy that it must be released somehow? And cant it be that knowledge
of this fact is what makes the virtuosi of positional play repress their
instinct to attack until the time is ripe for an attack to be unleased?
White's move of the d-pawn begins the process of getting ALL the pieces into
play as quickly as possible. Two of them are now free to make their debut,
while the pawn that released them occupies the center of the stage.} Nf6 {A
developing move, whose object (besides the commendable one of bringing a piece
to its most suitable square) is to prevent White from gaining too much ground
with 2. e4.} 2. c4 {This move does many things: 1) it begins an attack on the
d5-square; 2) it keeps the c-file open for the use of heavy pieces; 3) it
offers the queen a diagonal; 4) it hinders Black from establishing a pawn in
the center by 2...d5, as White's reply 3. cxd5 compelling a recapture with a
piece would leave Black with no pawn in the center.} e6 {Black clears a path
for the dark-squared bishop and indicates that he will go in for an active
defence.} 3. Nc3 {White's motive is evident: he develops the b1-knight first,
to support an advance of the e-pawn.} Bb4 {To this, Black counters by clamping
a pin on the knight. If White were to play 4. e4, then 4...Nxe4 would leave
him helpless to recapture.} 4. Qc2 {With a twofold purpose: to meet 4...Bxc3+
with 5. Qxc3, keeping White's pawn structure intact, and to threaten again the
advance 5. e4. There is a prevalent concept that in the opening there is a
"best mosve" at every point. The belief is that the chess master memorizes
every one of these best moves and its proper reply. That such reasoning is
specious is obvious: the very fact that millions of games have been played
without duplication of moves is proof enough in itself. Let us consider the
position on the board. Besides the text-move (4. Qc2), there are at least
seven excellent alternatives, each of which has enthusiastic advocates. They
are Qb3, Bd4, a3, Bg5, e3, g3 and Nf3. Which of these is best? No one can say
for sure, but the move that leads into positions congenial to your style is
the best move, and the one you should play.} c5 {Black too can conduct the
defence (or the counterattack) in the mannter that suits his style and
temperament. The move he plays immediately disputes White's control of the
center. It does other things, too: it gives the queen more scope, opens the
c-file, protects the bishop, etc. However, there are other moves, equally
effective, at Black's disposal. He can select from these replies, each of
which has something to recommen it: Nc6, d6, d5, 0-0, and b6. There is
something for every taste.} 5. dxc5 {Strongest for various reasons: White does
not lose time in taking the pawn, as Black in recapturing will return the lost
tempo. The open d-file resulting from 5. dxc5 will benefit White, who will
occupy d1 with a rook and exert pressure along the length of it, especially
endangering the backward d-pawn. Other continuations are less energetic. For
instance, after 5. e3, Black frees himself by 5...d5, while after 5. Nf3 cxd4
6. Nxd4 Nc6 White has lost the initiative.} Nc6 {Black develops another piece
before capturing the pawn.} 6. Nf3 {Somewhere about this stage, the amateur
wants things to happen. He begins to look around for the surprise moves.
"There MUST be a brilliancy in the position!" The great master, in the same
situation, is content to make simple moves. He knows that if he keeps on
bringing pieces into play, there will be no need to look for winning
combinations. They will evolve naturally out of the position and spring up all
over the place!} Bxc5 {Further delay in recovering the pawn might be dangerous.
} 7. Bf4 {The aggressive Bg5 is more usual, to pin the knight and keep Black
under pressure, but no fault can be found with this method of development. It
looks mile, but the bishop survey an important diagonal and bears down on d6,
a tender spot in Black's position.} d5 {Vigorously challenging White's
possession of the center.} 8. e3 {Another quiet move which liberates one
bishop and strengthens the position of the other.} Qa5 {Black spies a chance
to start an attack which will result in saddlng White with an isolated c-pawn
- a slight positional weakenss, so he begins an action against the knight, but
"such artificial manuvers," says Tartakower, "can hardly succeed against a
Capablanca." Black should instead do something to get his c8-bishop into play,
for example 8...a6 9. Be2 dxc4 10. Bxc4 b5 11. Be2 Qb6 (not at once 11...Bb7
on account of 12. Nxb5) 12. 0-0 Bb7.} 9. Be2 {Yet another modest move, but it
is packed with more energy than you might suspect. It accomplishes these
objectives: 1) it activates a piece, by getting it off the first rank; 2) it
develops the bishop at e2 so that it can move to f3 and attack the center; 3)
it clears away the kingside, making early castling possible; 4) it prepares
the cooperation of the rooks on the first rank, subsequent to castling. What
was wrong with playing the more aggressive-looking 9. Bd3? For one thing, the
reply 9...Nb4 enables Black to force an exchange of knight for bishop. White
would lost the services of a piece valuable for its potential influence on the
center. Why not then prepare to develop the bishop at d3 by playing 9. a3
first? The answer is that time is too valuable in the opening to waste on
unnecessary pawn moves. ONLY THOSE PAWN MOVES THAT ARE ESSENTIAL TO THE
DEVELOPMENT OF PIECES SHOULD BE MADE. The additional circumstance that 9. a3
weakens the light squares on the queenside is more proof that such strategy is
artificial and time-wasting.} Bb4 {In contrast to White classically simple
method of development, Black moves the same bishop a third time in the opening,
in order to inflict his opponent with an isolated pawn. Such an attempt is
premature in view of Black's incomplete development. Instead, a plausible
continuation is 9...0-0 10. 0-0 dxc4 11. Bxc4 Bd7, when Black has a fair game.}
10. O-O {The king is made secure, while the h1-rook moves closer to the center,
the theater of action. The rook, of course, will try to seize an open file, or,
if none is available, one which is likely to be opened.} Bxc3 {The bishoped
has moved four times to make this exchange for a knight that has moved only
once! So much shifting around of one piece indicates that the strategy behind
it must be faulty.} 11. bxc3 {Despite White's doubled c-pawn, he enjoys these
advantages: 1) he has two active bishops against Black's knight and bishop; 2)
all of his minor pieces are in play while Black still has a bishop on the
first rank; 3) his rooks are in touch with each other and ready to seize the
half-open b- and d-files; 4) his king is safely tucked away in a corner while
Black is out in the open; 5) his queen is ideally posted and has more
influence on the center than does Black's, standing at the side of the board;
6) an exchange of pawns in the center (which looks inevitable) will open lines
of attack, a circumstance that favors the player whose development is superior
- in this case, White; 7) he maintains the initiative.} O-O {One of Black's
difficulties is resolved with his king's escape to safer quarters. Developing
the bishop instead was somewhat risky, since after 11...Bd7 12. Rab1 
(attacking the b7-pawn) 12...b6 13 Bd6 White stops kingside castling and
threatens 14. Rb5 Qa6 15. cxd5 exd5 16. Rxd5, and the disscovered attack on
the queen wins a pawn for White.} 12. Rab1 {Another of those subtle moves,
whose purpose the average player usually fails to see. "What use is it," he
says, "to waste a rook move in attacking a pawn that is adequately protected?"
True, the pawn is defended, but by a bishop which cannot develop without
abandoning the pawn. Sooner or later, Black will be compelled to play ...b6,
or have three pieces on his first rank interfering with each other. There are
drawbacks to ...b6, though, for example Black's queen will be cut off and
prevented from returning to the kingside and the defence of the king. In
addition, his c6-knight's position will be insecure, once the prop (the
b7-pawn) is removed from under it. White's move is simple and quiet, but it
exerts uncomfortable pressure on Black's queenside, makes normal development
difficult, and creates permanent weaknesses which lend themselves to
exploitation.} Qa3 {Black wants to develop his bishop, and for that purpose he
must play ...b6, but to do so at once might endanger the queen by cutting off
her line of retreat. For instance, 12...b6 13. Bd6 Rd8 14. Rb5 Qa6 15. cxd5
Rxd6 (15...exd5 permits 16. Rxd5 discovering an attack on the queen) 16. dxc6
Rxc6 17. Nd4 Rc7 18. Re5 wins material, as 18...Qb7 loses after 19. Bf3 Nd5 20.
Bxd5 leading to a surprising back-rank mate following 20...exd5 21. Re8#.} 13.
Rfd1 {With the posting of this rook on the partly open d-file, White's
development has been completed in an ideal way, every piece taking its best
post in no more than one move.  White has not so much as hinted at an
attacking combination until every piece has been put to work.} b6 {To enable
the bishop to come out, but the advance of the pawn takes away the c6-knight's
support and weakens its position.  Guarding the b-pawn by 13...Qe7 does not
help much, since the biship cannot develop at d7 next move without cutting off
the queen's protection of the pawn.  Nor can Black try to simplify by 13...
dxc4 as the reply 14. Bd6 wins the exchange.} 14. cxd5 {The attack begins! 
The first blow destroys Black's center-pawn.} Nxd5 {The recaptured with the
pawn, 14...exd5, is bad in view of 15. c4!.  Black could not then escape by 15.
..dxc4 since 16 Bd6 attacks queen and rook, while protecting the pawn by 15...
Be6 yields to 16. cxd5 Bxd5 17. Rxd5 Nxd5 18. Qxc6 and White has won two
pieces for a rook.} 15. Ng5 {A master stroke!  The brutal threat of 16. Qxh7#
disguises the two real purposes of the move: the strategic concept of forcing
Black to move one of his kingside pawns, thereby loosening the defensive
structure; and the clearance of the f6-square for the benefit of the
dark-squared bishop, who will bear down heavily on the long diagonal.} f5 {
Black has two alternatives:  1) 15...Nf6 avoids moving one of the pawns, but
16 Bd6 wins the exchange.  2) 15...g6 leaves Black's position riddled with
weaknesses on the dark squares.  Therefore, Black moves the f-pawn, staving
off the mate, but it weakens his e-pawn and ties the bishop to its defence.}
16. Bf3 {This arrangement of bishops gives them tremendous raking power along
the two parallel diagonals.  White's chief threat is 17. Rxd5 exd5 18. Bxd5+
Kh8 19. Bxc5 followed by 20. Bxa8, sweeping away a good part of Black's army.}
Qc5 {The queen rushes to the aid of the vulnerable knights.  This is what
happens on other defences:  1) 16...Nde7 17. Bd6 Qa5 18. Bxe7 Nxe7 19. Bxa8,
and White wins a whole rook.  2) 16...Nce7 17. c4 Nb4 18. Rxb4 Qxb4 19. Bxa8,
and White wins a piece.  3) 16...Qxc3 17. Qxc3 Nxc3 18. Bxc6 Nxd1 19. Rxd1 Ba6
20. Bxa8 Rxa8, and White is a piece ahead.  After Black's actual move, he
seems to have escaped the worst, but White has an ingenious way to get at the
knights:} 17. c4 {This stab at the knight looks harmless, the pawn being
pinned and unable to capture, but the point of 17. c4 is to use the pawn to
support an attack by 18. Rb5.  This will drive the queen off and make the
capture 19. cxd5 possible.  The cobminations now appear in quick succession.}
Ndb4 {Counterattack on the queen.  Al other attempts fail, viz.:  1) 17...Nf6
18. Bd6 Qa5 19. Bxc6 and both Black's rooks are en prise.  2) 17...Nxf4 18.
Rb5 (a pretty 'in-between' move) 18...Be7 (alternatively 18...Nb4 19. Qd2 Qxc4
20. Rxb4 and White wins) 19. Bxc6 Qxg5 20 exf4, and the attack on the queen
leaves Black no time to save his a8-rook.  3) 17...Nde7 18. Bd6 Qa5 19. Bxe7
winning a whole rook.} 18. Qb3 {White's queen must move, but the threat 19.
Bd6 hangs over Black like the Sword of Damocles.} e5 {Not only because there
is no other antidote to 19. Bd6, but with the hope of curbing the terrible
bishops by putting obstacles in their paths.} 19. a3 {This starts a beautiful
combination at one of the board which culminates in a queen sacrifice followed
by a smothered mate over at the other end!} Na6 {The only other move 19...exf4,
allows White to force a win by 20. axb4 Qe7 21. Bxc6 Rb8 22. exf4, and the
extra piece wins easily.} 20. Bxc6 {After the recapture 20...Qxc6, there comes
21. c5+ Kh8 22. Nf7+ Kg8 (or 22...Rxf7 23. Rd8+ and White forces mate) 23.
Nh6++ Kh8 24. Qg8+! Rxg8 25. Nf7#  Black did not wait to be convinced by a
demonstration over the board but turned down his king in surrender.  An
exquisite game played with elegance and precision.  Capablanca's own comment
on it was "I made a few little combincations in this game."} 1-0

[Event "Logical Chess, Move by Move #25"]
[Site "Barmen"]
[Date "1905"]
[Round "25"]
[White "Janowsky"]
[Black "Alapin"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "D31"]
[Annotator "Irving Chernev"]
[PlyCount "93"]
[EventDate "1905"]

1. d4 {White opens by stationing a pawn in the center. This pawn performs
various services: 1) it releases two pieces; 2) it occupies an important
square; 3) it controls e5 and c5, hindering the opponent from placing pieces
on those squares. 4) it stands ready to give firm support to a friendly piece
making use of e5 or c5 as an outpost.} d5 {Black follows suit, establishing a
pawn in the center, and prevents White from continuing with his intended 2. e4.
} 2. c4 {White offers a pawn to induce Black to surrender the center. White's
move is also an attack on the d-pawn, by means of which he hopes to uproot it
and its hold on the center.} e6 {The customary device for maintaining a pawn
in the center. In the event of White's playing 3. cxd5, BLACK MUST BE READY TO
REPLACE THE D-PAWN WITH ANOTHER PAWN. It would not do to recapture with a
piece. The piece could be driven off by White's e-pawn, leaving White in full
possession of the central squares. For instance, after 2...Nf6 3. cxd5 Nxd5 4.
e4 Nf6 5. Nc3 White holds all the trumps.} 3. Nc3 {This is more enterprising
than the passive 3. Nf3. Pressure is added to the attack on d5, and the knight
also takes a hand in the battle for control of e4. One of White's objects in
queen's pawn openings is to effect a subsequent advance of the e-pawn, just as
in king's pawn openings an effort is made to gain more ground with a later d4.}
Be7 {The usual move at this point is 3...Nf6 but Black transposes moves to
prevent his knight being pinned.} 4. Nf3 {White is content with simple
development and places the king's knight at its most suitable post.} Nf6 {
Black postponed this move, excellent though it is, and now makes it
reluctantly, but how else can he develop the kingside and prepare to castle?}
5. Bg5 {This is not really a pin, but its effect is somewhat similar. Pressure
is exerted on the knight, the bishop behind it and even on the last in line,
the queen.} h6 {Alapin can't stand pins or pseudopins! He attacks the bishop
at once, to force it to a decision.} 6. Bh4 {Whether objectively this is the
strongest move is immaterial; the fact that the bishop's pressure bothers
Black is enough reason for Janowsky to maintain the pin!} dxc4 {Black opens
the position to give his pieces more elbow room, but with this capture he
gives up his hold on the center.} 7. e3 {The simplest way to regain the pawn.
The f1-bishop will capture it and make a developing move at the same time.} a6
{Ready to counter 8. Bxc4 with 8...b5, attacking White's bishop and gaining a
tempo for the development of his own bishop.} 8. Bxc4 {Material is now equal,
but White's prospects are better: he has two more pieces in active play than
Black, and his pawn positionl in the center is superior.} b5 {Black's chief
purpose in this pawn attack is to vacate the b7-square for his light-squared
bishop.} 9. Bb3 {Nobody has yet decided whether this or d3 is the better
retreat for the bishop. At b3 the bishop strikes at Black's center, but those
who favor d3 reason that from there the sbihop helps control the vital
e4-square and is aimed at the enemy king after a subsequent ...0-0.} Nbd7 {
Naturally, the knight does not go to c6 where it would obstruct the c-pawn.
The pawn must not be hindered from carrying out its mission in life, which is
to attack White'ce center and open a file for Blacks rooks. The knight's
development looks clumsy, but it does back up the other knight, and it is
ready to support a thrust at the center by ...c5 or ...e5.} 10. Qe2 {Notice
how an expert player puts all his pieces to work before starting any decisive
action! This does not look like much of a move for so powerful a piece as the
queen, but the simple act of getting a piece off the back rank advances the
cause of development and constitutes progress. Two more points: in the early
stages of the game, the queen is most happily placed close to home, for
instance at c2 or e2. In getting off the back rank, the queen permits the
rooks (after the king castles) to get in touch with each other. A more
aggressive development (generally for the sake of picking up a stray pawn) is
only courting danger.} c6 {It is hard to tell exacly what Black had in mind
here with this move. He may have feared the advance 11. d5 by White, or
perhaps he wanted to create an oulet for the queen on the queenside. In any
case, the move is definitely inferior to 10...c5, disputing the center without
any more delay.} 11. O-O {Castling by White is an aggressive measure, to press
the rook into active service.} O-O {Castling by Black is defensive in purpose,
to get the king out of harm's way.} 12. Rac1 {The rook comes to the head of
the c-file, control of which is one of White's main objectives in this opening.
} Bb7 {With the development of the light-squared bishop, Black seems to have
solved one of the problems that besets the defender in queen's pawn openings,
but he isn't out of the wood yet!} 13. Rfd1 {Excellent play! The rooks are now
beautifully posted. The pressure on the d-file makes it dangerous for Black to
try to free himself by 13...c5, as the reply 14. dxc5 opens a file for the
d1-rook.} Rc8 {Black gives the c-pawn more support in an effort to get in 14...
c5. This would free his position and let him put up a fight for the c-file.}
14. Ne5 {White is now ideally developed, with every one of his pieces taking
an active part in the game. Black, on the contrary, is hampered by the
restricted mobility of his pieces. White's knight move prevents a freeing
attempt by 14...c5, since 15. dxc5 Rxc5 (15...Bxc5 16. Nxd7 leaves Black
unable to recapture) 16. Bxf6 Bxf6 17. Nxd7 wins a knight and attacks a couple
of rooks.} Nxe5 {Black tries to relieve pressure by exchaning whatever pieces
he can.} 15. dxe5 {This exchange suits White in that he has opportunities for
attack along the newly opened d-file. Another affect arising from the pawn's
recapture is the creation of a strong point at d6, a circumstance which White
hopes to exploit by planting a piece on that square.} Nd5 {The knight must
block off the rooks' attack on the queen. If instead 15...Nd7, then 16. Bxe7 
(in order to remove the guardian of the d6-square) 16...Qxe7 17. f4 and White
will either entrench his rook at d6 and double rooks on the d-file or manuver
his knight to d6 by way of e4.} 16. Bxe7 {In order to benefit from the
weakness of d6 it is necessary to remove the bshop that defends the
dark-squares.} Nxc3 {Black destroys the knight before it does him any damage.
The alternative 16...Qxe7 lets White swing his knight over to e4 and then
anchor it either at d6 or c5.} 17. Rxc3 {Certainly not 17. Rxd8 (nor 17. Bxd8)
17...Nxe2+ 18. Kf1 Nxc1, and Black wins. The text gains a tempo for White in
his plan to double rooks on the d-file.} Qxe7 {Material is even after this
recapture, but White has a slightly superior position. Is this enough of an
advantage for a master to squeez out a win? White's specific advantage
consists of his possession of the only completely open file, and the pressure
he exerts on the strategically important d6-square.} 18. Rcd3 {Much stronger
than the plausible continuation 18. Rd6. The reply to that would be 18...c5
whereupon double the rooks by 19...Rcd3 allows the pawn fork 19...c4 and Black
wins a piece. White's actual move doubles his rooks without loss of time and
also threatens to win a piece by 19. Rd7.} Rfd8 {The dilemma which the weaker
side always faces in this sort of situation is that if he does not dispure the
enemy at every point and fight for control of every important file, diagonal
or square, he will slowly be driven back and crushed to the wall; if he does
oppose him at every turn, the resulting exchanges will simplify the position
without improving his chances. In this particular position, Black could hardly
delay opposing rooks, as he was threatened with invasion on the seventh rank
by 19. Rd7, as well as 19. Qd2, tripling the heavy pieces on the file. Such a
massing of power on the open file would of course be overwhelming!} 19. Rd6 {
White stakes out a claim to the d6-square bt settling a piece firmly there.}
Rxd6 {Otherwise, White plays 20. Qd2 next, with intolerable pressure on
Black's position.} 20. exd6 {This gives White a passed pawn, which exerts a
terrific influence on the opponent's way of life. Nimzowitsch calls particular
attention to "the lust to expand in a passed pawn" and says that it must be
regarded as "a criminal who should be kept under lock and key." To prevent any
further advance of the passed pawn, Black must blockade it by placing a piece
in its path. In effect, to keep the pawn under surveillance, he must lose the
services of one of his four remaining pieces! If constant vigilance is
necessary to keep the pawn quiescent, it is obvious that Black will be too
busy defending to think of counterattack. On the other hand, White is free to
switch the attack from one point to another!} Qd7 {This is practically forced,
as the pawn must be blockaded, and at once! Another forward step by the pawn
might be fatal! Witness this terrible possibility: 20...Qd8 21. d7 Rc7 22. Qd2
(threatening to win by 23. Qd6 followed by 24. Qxc7 and queening the pawn) 22..
.c5 23. Qa5 Rxd7 24. Qxd8+ and White wins. After Black's actual move, the pawn
is stopped, but in blockading it, Black is tying up the queen, his strongest
piece!} 21. e4 {Indicating that he intends to play 22. e5, supporting the
d-pawn and further cramping Black's game. White's pieces, relieved of the
necessity of watching over the d-pawn, could then move freely about the board.}
c5 {Black opens a diagonal for his bishop and gives his rooks more air. An
effort to prevent 22. e5 by} (21... f6 {would have been met by} 22. Qg4 {and
now either} Kf7 (22... Re8 23. Bxe6+ Rxe6 24. Qxe6+ Qxe6 25. d7 {and White
wins.}) 23. e5 fxe5 24. Qf5+ Ke8 25. Bxe6 Qd8 26. Qf7#) 22. e5 {Assisting the
d-pawn on to the next stage in its career: first, a pawn undistinguished from
its fellows, then a passed pawn, and now a protected passed pawn, and finally 
(if it fulfills its brillaint promise) a queen.} c4 {Back to sober reality!
Black fights every step of the way to institute countermeasures which will
keep his opponent busy on the queenside.} 23. Bc2 {The bishop, though forced
back, now overlooks a new diagonal with interesting prospects.} Qc6 {Black
does not like to have his strongest piece tied down to the job of watching a
passed pawn, so he diverts White's attention by threatening mate. While White
is occupied with stopping mate, Black will have time to switch blockaders.} 24.
f3 {This puts an end to attacks on the long diagonal, as it leaves Black's
queen and bishop biting on granite.} Qc5+ {The chief purpose of the check is
to prevent White from playing 25. Qe3, seizing control of the dark-squared
diagonals.} 25. Kh1 {White keeps the queens on the board. Apparently he wants
to win the game by direct attack, in preference to offering an exchange of
queens by 25. Qf2. Such decisions are a matter of style than anything else. A
player who has a choice of more than one way of winning should select a method
that is congenial to his temperament and aptitudes. In the present postion, I
imagine that a Rubinstein or a Capablanca would unhesitatingly offer the
exchange of queens and simplify, confident in his ability to turn a small but
safe advantage into a win; they would be happy to leave the brilliancies to
other masters. It is to these varying techniques that we must be grateful for
the creation of a wealth of masterpieces in so many colors and moods. After 25.
Qf2, if Black avoids the exchange of queens and continues 25. ..Qxe5, White
wins elegantly by 26. Qb6 Bc6 27. Qxb6 Rxb6 28. d7, regaining the queen by
promotion and ending up a piece ahead.} Rd8 {The rook takes over the job of
keeping the pawn covered.} 26. Qe1 {A very fine move! The queen threatens to
invade Black's kingside by way of 27. Qh4 or his queenside by 27. Qa5.} Rd7 {
Nailing down the passed pawn for the time being.} 27. h3 {An outlet for the
king in case of need. If White's queen and rook leave for the attack, his king
must not be caught by surprise and mated on the first rank.} Bc6 {Another
regrouping so that the rook may leave its post, and the bishop (a lesser piece)
stand guard.} 28. f4 {Preparing a breakthrough by 29. f5 - pawns make
excellent instruments of attack. They can break into almost any stronghold and
make gaps wide enough for an invasion by the pieces.} Ra7 {The rooks vacates
d7 for occupation by the bishop.} 29. f5 {To this vigorous thrust Black may
not reply 29...exf5 as 30 e6 fxe6 (otherwise White obtains two connected
passed pawn on the sixth rank) 31. Qxe6+ Kh8 (31...Rf7 32. d7 wins) 32. Qc8+
Kh7 33. Bxf5+ wins for White.} Bd7 {Black completes the changing of the guard.
Since once of his pieces must act as blockader, he assigns the task to the
least important, the bishop.} 30. f6 {This battering ram of a pawn will force
a breach in Black's defensive structure. White's threat is 31. Qg3 (intending
32. Qxg7#) 31...g6 32. Bxg6 fxg6 33. Qcg6+ and mate in two.} g6 {On After the
actual move, the change in the pawn configuration provides White with fresh
objects of attack. One thing he must watch out for, though, is the
preservation of his invaluable e-pawn, which so stoutly supports the two
advanced pawns. Note that the position of these pawns gives them a powerful
grip on the dark squares c7, e7 and g7. These squares are in the enemy's gamp
and close to the king, but he (Black) cannot place pieces on those squares.
With fewer facilities at his disposal, it will be difficult for Black to beat
back the invaders. The play for the win from this point comes under the
heading instruction and entertainment.} ({On} 30... gxf6 {White wins by} 31.
Qg3+ Kh8 (31... Kf8 32. Bh7 {mates}) 32. Qf4 f5 (32... Qxe5 33. Qxh6+ Kg8 34.
Qh7+ Kf8 35. Qh8#) 33. Qxh6+ Kg8 34. Qg5+ Kf8 35. Qf6 Kg8 36. Rf1 Bc6 37. Bxf5
exf5 38. Rxf5 Be4 39. Rh5 {with a quick mate.}) 31. Qg3 {Threatening to win at
once by 32. Bxg6 fxg6 33. Qxg6+ followed shortly by mate.} Kh7 {The only way
to protect the pawn. Advancing it instead by 31...g5 allows White a winning
reply in 32. h4} 32. h4 {The g6-pawn is pinned and White prepares to hit it
again by 33. h5.} Qc8 {Hastening to bring the queen over to the danger zone.
If Black tries to stop the pawn's advance by 32...h5 then the queen works her
way in by 33. Qg5 (threatening 34. Qxh5+) 33...Kg8 34. Qh6 and 35. Qg7#.} 33.
h5 {Concentrating his fire on a vulnerable spot.} Qg8 {Not 33...Be8, which
protects the pawn but blocks the queen. The queen is the only piece agile
enough to defend against White's attack as it shifts from one point to another.
} 34. Rd4 {White makes use of all his resources. The rook will take part by
switching over either to the h-file or the g-file.} Be8 {The bishop helps
defend the g-pawn so that the queen is free to protect the h-pawn, White's
next target of attack.} 35. Rh4 {Revealing the plan: mate in three by 36.
hxg6+ fxg6 37. Rxh6+ Kxh6 38. Qh4#.} Qf8 {The only possible defence.} 36. Rg4 {
A pretty manuver! White's last move lured the queen away from the g-pawn. Now
that this pawn has once piece less defending it, White attacks it with a
fourth piece, the rook.} Qg8 {The queen rushes back to defend.} 37. Qe3 {The
threat on the rook gains time for White's real purpose, an attack on the
h-pawn at the other side of the board.} Rd7 {The rook flees but cannot get
over to help defend the king.} 38. Rh4 {Renews (and shortens) the earlier
threat: 39. hxg6+ fxg6 40. Qxh6#.} Qf8 {Once again, the queen shifts over to
protect the h-pawn.} 39. g4 {Bringing up the infantry! White throws everything
into the attack and now threatens 40. g5 followed by 41. hxg6+ fxg6 42. Rxh6+
Kg8 43. Qh3, with an easy win. If after 40. g5, Black tries 40... hxg5 then 41.
hxg6++ Kg8 42. Rh8+ Kxh8 43. Qh3+ forces mate.} Kh8 {Black unpins the g-pawn
and prepares 40...g5 41. Qe4 Qg8, when White will have trouble breaking
through the defence.} 40. hxg6 {Tearing apart the cordon of pawns guarding the
king.} fxg6 {This last capture is the lesser evil, as otherwise White's next
move, 41. g7+ is fatal.} 41. Rxh6+ {Killing off another bodyguard.} Rh7 {If 41.
..Kg8, then 42. Qh3, doubling pieces on the open file, is conclusive.} 42.
Rxh7+ {Certainly not 42. g5 Rxh6+ 43. gxh6, when the h-file is closed and
useless to White.} Kxh7 {White is only one pawn up, but his attack has lost
none of its virulence.} 43. Qg5 {Now White plans to penetrate by 44. Qh5+ 
(exploiting the plight of the pinned g-pawn) 44...Kg8 45. Bxg6, and the last
barrier is destroyed.} Qf7 {Black avoids a queen exchange, as 43...Qh6+ 44.
Qxh6+ Kxh6 45. f7 Bxf7 46. d7 results in White getting a new queen.} 44. Qh5+ {
Beginning the final movement!} Kg8 {The king is driven back and the g-pawn
loses a protector.} 45. Bxg6 {White sacrifices a piece to bring about a
position where the passed pawns will decide the issue.} Qxg6 {An attempt to
counterattack by 45...Qb7+ is futile. White simply replies 46. Kh2 and the
king, seemingly exposed, is not in the slightest danger.} 46. Qxg6+ {White
wins as 46...Bcg6 fails to 47. d7. The whole game is a marvellous blend of
clear-cut positional play and ingenuity in attack. The opening is sound and
simple, the middle game is a lesson in attacking technique, and the ending is
artistic.} {Black resigns} Bxg6 47. d7 1-0

[Event "Logical Chess, Move by Move #26"]
[Site "Coburg GER"]
[Date "1904"]
[Round "26"]
[White "Bernstein"]
[Black "Mieses"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "B45"]
[Annotator "Irving Chernev"]
[PlyCount "97"]
[EventDate "1904"]

1. e4 {Regarded objectively, 1. e4 is one of the strongest possible opening
moves. It establishes a pawn in the center and permits two pieces to come into
play. MOre could hardly be asked of one move.} c5 {This opening, the Sicilian
Defense, is currently one of the most popular openings. Black's first move has
the defect that only one pieces is released, but in one respect it has a
similar aim to 1...e5: it covers d4 and so makes it more awkward for White to
form a 'two-abreast' pawn-center by playing d4. If White insists on d4, then
Black can reply ...cxd4, thereby exchanging White's central pawn for a less
central one. The Sicilian Defense is perfectly sound and leads to a fighting
game in which Black has many counterattacking chances, especially against an
over-ambitious opponent, too intent on a kingside attack. Black aims at
queenside counterattack, and for this, control of the c-file is essential to
offset White's superiority in the center and on the kingside.} 2. Nc3 {A
normal developing move. White brings a piece to a square where it exerts
influence on the center - but what a placid move this is! More to the point is
the energetic 2. Nf3. This develops a piece on the kingside (facilitating
early castling) and prepares 3. d4 - action in the center and release of the
queenside pieces.} e6 {Black's move is quet but effective! Diagonals are
opened for the f8-bishop and the queen, and preparation is made to occupy the
center, if appropriate, with 3...d5.} 3. Nf3 {This excellent move places the
knight at once on its most suitable square, increases the pressure on the
center, and makes early kingside castling feasible. Playing 3. d4 instead
leads to 3...cxd4 4. Qxd4 Nc6, when Black gains a tempo by the attack on the
queen.} Nc6 {If Black plays 3...d5, then the reply 4. exd5 exd5 5. d4 opens
lines to the advantage of the better developed player - in this case White,
who has two pieces out to Black's none.} 4. d4 {The characteristic break in
the Sicilian, by means of which the mobility of White's pieces is increased. A
diagonal is opened up for the c1-bishop, while the queen gets some more air.}
cxd4 {Black exchanges to kill off one of the two center pawns in return for
his c-pawn. Meanwhile, he opens the all-important c-file for the use of his
queen and a8-rook.} 5. Nxd4 {The recapture centralizes White's knight and
increases the attacking range of White's pieces.} Nf6 {By a devious route, the
players have arrived at the Four Knights Sicilian, a tricky variation in spite
of its classical appearance. What should White play now? The choice is more a
matter of style, mood and temperament than anything else - and this is what
makes chess so fascinating. White can decide to be methodical and stick to
straightforward development by 6. Be3 or 6. Be2. He can be bold and
combatitive with 6. Ndb5, or cautious with 6. a3, preventing a powerful pin.
He can be patient and devote his efforts to trying to build up a positional
advantage after 6. g3 or 6. Nxc6. Whatever he does, the play will reflect
something of his own personality. The way he directs the activities of his
small army will mirror the thoughts, moods, and instincts of the individual.}
6. Nxc6 {White is content with the slight positional advantage that results
from the exchange of knights. Let us take a quick look at some of the
alternatives: 1) 6. Be6 Bb4 (pinning the knight and threatening 7...Nxe4) 7.
Bd3 d5! and Black has overcome all his difficulties. 2) The quiet 6. Be2 
(certainly not 6. Bd3, leaving the knight en prise) is also met by 6...Bb4
with good counterplay. 3) Preventing the pin by 6. a3 is not attractive. It is
answered by 6...d5, and White must fight to retain the initiative. Time is too
valuable in the opening to waste on pawn moves. 4) The double-edged 6. Ndb5 is
not to everybody's taste, leading as it does to wild complications after 6...
Bb4 7. Bf4 Nxe4 8. Nc7+ Kf8 9. Qf3 d5 10. 0-0 or the sharp Pelikan variation
after 6...d6 7. Bf4 e5 8. Bg5. One merit of the text move is that Black, in
recapturing with a pawn, closes the c-file, his chief avenue of attack in the
Sicilian.} bxc6 {This is superior to 6...dxc6; for one thing, it is usually
better strategy to capture toward the center. In this case, it keeps a cluster
of pawn in the center and opens the b-file for the benefit of the a8-rook. The
continuation after 6...dxc6 might be 7. Qxd8+ Kxd8 8. Bg5 Be7 9. 0-0-0+ and
Black is kept on the move.} 7. e5 {Not only does this evict the f6-knight from
its fine post, but it also strengthens White's grip on the d6-square.} Nd5 {
Little thought would have been required to make this centralizing move. The
only other spot available to the knight was g8, home base.} 8. Ne4 {Exchanging
knights would forfeit any advantage White enjoys. The move actually made
intensifies the pressure on d6.} f5 {No loitering on the premises! Either the
knight leaves or it declares its intentions! Black had another defense in 8...
Qc7 9. f4 Qb6, aiming to prevent White from castling kingside.} 9. exf6 {The
knight must stay where it is for White to carry out his purpose, which is to
take possession of the critical d6-square.} Nxf6 {Black does not take with the
pawn, as that is answer by 10. Qh5+. This would force his king to move and
thereby deprive him of the privilege of castling.} 10. Nd6+ {Compelling an
exchange of pieces which leaves Black with a 'bad' bishop, one which is
ineffective because of the pawns standing on squares of the same color as the
bishop. A bishop can accomplish little if its pathway is cluttered up by pawns.
} Bxd6 {The only other move, 10...Ke7, is not inviting.} 11. Qxd6 {The
recapture gives White a stranglehold on his opponents's position. Not only
does White blockade the d-pawn, preventing the freeing ...d5 advance, but he
also enables his king to flee to safety by castling. In addition, White exerts
a great deal of pressure on the dark square, a pressure that is accentuated by
the fact that Black's king's bishop, operating on those square, is off the
board.} Ne4 {The queen must be driven off quickly, or Black will choke for
lack of air. There is no relief in 11... Qe7 12. Bf4 Qxd6 13. Bxd6 Ne4 14.
Ba3!, when White still bears down with a heavy hand.} 12. Qd4 {In retreating,
the queen manages to attack in two directions, threatening both the knight and
the enemy g-pawn.} Nf6 {The only move to parry both threats.} 13. Qd6 {White
tries again, as he hates to relinquish this dominating position. Meanwhile, he
hints that he can always draw if he wants to, by a repetition of moves.} Ne4 {
Black cannot let the queen stay at d6, and delay in evicting her might prove
to be fatal. That Black's difficulties are not insuperable was demonstrated by
Alekhine, who suggested this continuation:} (13... Qb6 14. Bd3 (14. -- Qxf2+
15. Kxf2 Ne4+) 14... c5 15. Bf4 Bb7 16. O-O Rc8) 14. Qb4 {Very strong! If the
queen cannot establish permanent residence at d6, this square is the next best
thing. At b4 (odd place though it is) the queen attacks the knight, controls a
diagonal which makes castling for Black impossible, and in a third direction
prevents Black's a8-rook from seizing the open b-file.} d5 {Black protects his
knight and prepares to challenge White's queen by 15...Qd6. Black's
pawn-center provides compensation for his troubles.} 15. Bd3 {An ideal move,
as a piece develops with a threat - 16...Bxe4 dxe4 17. Qxe4 winning a pawn.}
Qd6 {Black offers to exchange, which will either rid the baord of White's
attacking queen or induce her to retreat from a dominating position.} 16. Qxd6
{White is willing to simplify. He will still have advantages in his two
powerful bishops and an enduring grip on the dark squares.} Nxd6 {Black is
content with his part of the bargain: both his rooks have open files on which
to operate, and he has a group of pawns in the center with which he expects to
limit the scope of the bishops.} 17. f4 {"An eye for the microscope betokens
the master," says the great Marco. The e5-square is now controlled by White,
while Black's e-pawn is restrained from advancing. ONe effect of this pawn's
inability to move is that it fearfully circumscribes the mobility of Black's
bishop.} a5 {Black must do something about getting the bishop into play. With
this move he plans to develop it at a6 and exchange it for White's more
powerful bishop.} 18. Be3 {Excellent! This holds back Black's c-pawn, while
two more dark squares, d4 and c5, come under White domination.} Ba6 {With this
move Black hopes to clear the board of one of White's menacing bishop.} 19. Kd2
{The king is a strong piece and should be used aggressively in the ending. As
the number of pieces on the board decreases, so is the danger of the king
being exposed to a mating attack reduced, and its own power as a fighting
piece magnified. In the ending, the king is unexcelled as a means of causing
damage by getting in among the enemy pawns. That is why, in the present
position, the king comes closer to the center, where he is most useful,
instead of castling and then working his way there.} Nc4+ {Black's plan
becomes manifest: he wants to force an exchange of knight for bishop. This
would leave bishops commanding squares of different colors on the board, which
often exerts a drawish influence on the game. Another alternative worth
considering was 19...Kb7 in order to play 20...c5 and get his central pawn
phalanx rolling.} 20. Bxc4 {Practically forced, as Black was attack both e3
and b2.} Bxc4 {Let us size up the situation: the white bishop enjoys far more
freedom than does Black's. The latter is greatly hampered in its movements by
the many pawns standing on light squares, the color of the squares on which
the bishop operates. White's king, being nearer the center and the critical
squares d4 and e5, is much better situated for the endgame than Black's.
Black's center, the heart of his game, is held fast. The three pawns he has in
that area are fixed and unable to move.} 21. a4 {Blockade! The a5-pawn is
stopped dead in its tracks; it is now a fixed target, always in danger of
being attack by Bb6. In order to make sure it is not captured (for it's
removal gives White a passed a-pawn). Black must watch over it constantly with
his a8-rook. Because of the need to guard this one pawn, Black is thereby
deprived of the services of a rook.} Kd7 {Black brings his king toward the
center for the endgame. The rooks are now united, while the king himself heads
for d6, where he hopes to support an advance by the e-pawn or the c-pawn.} 22.
b3 {White attacks the bishop to force it to the side of the board. You will
note that the bishop's scope is cut down as pawns ON BOTH SIDES are placed on
light squares, the color of the diagonals on which the bishop must travel.} Ba6
{The only flight square open to the unhappy bishop!} 23. Bb6 {Now an attack on
the pawn...} Bc8 {...which can only be met by further retreat!} 24. Ke3 {
Continuting the trek to d4, e5, and as we shall see, all points north! 24 Bc5
was a bit more cruel, to prevent any demonstration by 24...Rf8.} Ra6 {No
better was 24...Kd6 to back up a pawn push, as the reply 25. Kd4 nips that
little idea in the bud. Black's best change was with 24...Rf8, to get some
counterplay by getting his h8-rook into the game by way of the open file. The
move he does make attacks the bishop and succeeds in its object of driving it
away from a good square - but only on to a better one!} 25. Bc5 {White
dominates every important square on the board! The bishop stops the h8-rook
from getting to f8, and the a6-rook from moving to b6, the king from d6, the
d-pawn from advancing and the c-pawn from moving at all! Compare its control
of eight squares with that of Black's bishop, whose influence is confined to
one square! This difference in their potential accounts in great measure for
the extent of White's attacking opportunities, and for the consequent
difficulty Black will have in defending. Every gain or control of territory by
White will result in more and more cramping of Black's position.} Kc7 {
Stepping aside, the king makes the d7-square accessible to the black bishop.}
26. Kd4 {Tightening the noose!  This king also makes way - for the benefit of
the h1-rook, who will turn the e-file to account.} Bd7 {Black will try to
manuver the bishop over to the kingside, for instance to g6.  His h8-rook
seems to have a great deal of scope, but what dies it avail him?  If it moves
to b8 (as good a file as there is) at what point can it penetrate?  It cannot
get to any useful square on that file.} 27. Rhe1 {Much stronger than the
immediate occupation of e5 by the king.  White intends to use this key square
as a transfer point for his rook on its way to the g-file.  After it gets
there, White will settle his king at e5 and tighten his grip on the dark
squares.} h5 {Black prepares a pawn barricade against the rook's threatened
attack on the kingside.} 28. Re5 {Second stop on the trip to g5.} g6 {
Battening down the hatches, Black gets ready for a hard winter.} 29. Rg5 {
White attacks the g-pawn and simultaneously makes room for his king.} Rg8 {The
pawn must be protected, and this of course is more elastic than 29...Rh6, when
the rook has no mobility to speak of.} 30. Ke5 {Further penetration along the
convenient dark squares.  The threat is 31. Kf6 Be8 32. Re1 (even stronger
than 32. Kxe6), followed by 33. Rxe6} Be8 {Black abandons the e-pawn, as he
cannot hope to save all his pawns.  There is a slight chance, if White
captures the pawn at once, 31. Kxe6, of putting up some resistance by 31...
Bd7+ 32. Kf6 Bf5.  Black's pitiable bishop is sadly hemmed in by the five
pawns firmly fixed on squares of the same color.} 31. Re1 {Before committing
himself to decisive action, White applies more pressure.  Notice how a master
player puts every piece to work before he strikes a blow.} Ra8 {To get back
into the game, this rook as to return home!  There was no satisfactory defence
in 31...Kd7 as the reply 32. Kf6 uncovers the rook's attack on the e-pawn.} 32.
Kf6 {White completes the plan of encirclement.  Notice the effects of the
arrangement of Black's pawns at e6, d5 and c6 - Black's own pieces are kept
under restraint, while White's can utilize the weakened dark squares c5, d4,
e5 and f6 to penetrate into the vitals of the enemy position.  Notice also
that these dark squares are 'holes', squares from which pieces cannot be
dislodged by the opponent's pawns.  White does not resort to brutal attack or
to intricate combination to accomplish his purpose but puts his trust in the
dynamic power inherent in an overwhelming positional superiority.} Bd7 {Black
reveals another reason for his previous move.  In the continuation 33. Rxg6
Rxg6+ 34. Kxg6 Rxg8+ 35. Kxh5 Rxg2, Black suddenly turns on his foe.} 33. g3 {
To guard against this possibility, and to lessen any chance of break-through
by one of Black's rooks, White fashions a chain of pawns on the kingside.} Rae8
{Black can do nothing to improve his position, so this amounts to no more than
a waiting move.} 34. Ree5 {White could play 34. Rxg6 and have little trouble
winning, but he makes doubly sure.  He blockades the e-pawn first, to quell
even a shadow of resistance!.} Rh8 {"While there's life..."} 35. Rxg6 {The
first tangible gain.  The rest is an interesting display of the art of winning
a won game.} Rh7 {Fearing threats against his isolated h-pawn, Black prepares
to double rooks on the h-file in an attempts to save it.} 36. Rg7 {White keeps
on gaining ground.  Now he invades the seventh rank.} Reh8 {Black holds on
grimly.} 37. Rxh7 {Simplest, hence the scientific way to force the win.  In
endings where one side has a material advantage, the prescribed strategy is to
exchange pieces, not pawns, and to bring it down to a pawn ending.  ENDINGS
WITH ONLY PAWNS ON THE BOARD ARE THE EASIEST TO WIN.} Rxh7 {The recaptures
leaves Black only a pawn down - for the time being!} 38. Kg6 {With every
exchange, the king's power increases!  Now the king threatens the rook and
helps attack the h-pawn.} Rh8 {Strangely enough, the rook has only one move on
the board!  Does White now settle the issue by removing the h-pawn?} 39. Kg7 {
No, no, a thousand times no!  If 39. Rxh5? then 39...Be8+, when Black wins a
whole rook and the game.  How easy it is to go wrong even in a simple ending! 
White's actual move first banishes the rook from the premises.} Rd8 {The rook
must leave the file, abandoning the pawn.} 40. Rxh5 {Now the capture is safe.}
Be8 {Hoping to bring the bishop over to the kingside and then attack White's
queenside pawns.} 41. Rh7 {The rook hastens to the seventh rank, a rook's
proper post in the ending.} Rd7+ {Otherwise, White's procedure is 42. Kf6+ Bd7
43. g4, and the pawn cannot be stopped.} 42. Kh6 {The king must stay in within
range of his rook.} Rxh7+ {The exchange of rooks cannot be avoided, so Black
captures first to draw White's king away from h5.  If the bishop can get there,
it might still stir up some trouble.} 43. Kxh7 {This meets with White's
approval.  His kingside pawns are mobile, while Black's panws either cannot or
dare not make a mvoe.} Bh5 {Now to get behind the queenside pawns!} 44. h4 {
The queenside pawns cannot be rescued, so White starts his kingside pawns
rolling.} Bd1 {After so much inactivity, this bishop not only threatens the
lives of all pawns on light squares but restrains (for the time being) all the
pawns on the kingside.} 45. c3 {To save itself, this pawn flees to a dark
square.} Bxb3 {Black takes a pawn, more to distract White than anything else,
since he has no real threats.} 46. g4 {Ready to refute 46...Bxa4 with 47 f5
Kd7 (after 47...Bc2 48 Kg6 the h-pawn walks up, or 47...e5 48. f6 Kd7 49. f7,
and White wins) 48. f6 Ke8, and 49 Kg7 escorts the pawn through.} Kd7 {The
king rushes over to hold back the pawns.} 47. g5 {"The passed pawn's lust to
expand", as Nimzowitsch puts it.} e5 {Desperation, but there is no promising
defence.  If 47...Ke8, then 48. g6 Bc2 49. h5 Bf5 50. Kg7 wins for White.} 48.
f5 {The simplest.  White's three connected passed pawns should be convincing
enough.} Bxa4 {After 48...Bc2, 49. Kg6 is the clincher, protecting the f-pawn
and making way for the h-pawn.} 49. f6 {Indicating that it's time to concede. 
The pawn cannot be stopped by 49...Ke8 as 50. Kg7 sees it through.  A
beautiful illustration of the technique of exploiting weaknesses on the dark
squares.} 1-0

[Event "Logical Chess, Move by Move #27"]
[Site "Moscow RUS"]
[Date "1945"]
[Round "27"]
[White "Chekhover"]
[Black "Rudakowsky"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "D61"]
[Annotator "Irving Chernev"]
[PlyCount "77"]
[EventDate "1945"]

1. d4 {This move, more than any other, offers chances of an opening advantage
without taking risks. Two pieces are released at once, and a pawn occupies a
central square, as with 1. e4, but extra benefits accrue from 1. d4:1) the
d-pawn is protected and safe from immediate attack. 2) White is not exposed to
the threats to his f2-pawn, which often arise in king's pawn openings. His
control of c5 makes it impossible for Black to develop his dark-squared bishop
at c5 and to attack the vulnerable f2-pawn.} d5 {The simplest way to prevents
White from dominating the center with 2. e4 next move.} 2. c4 {The
characteristic move of the Queen's Gambit. The versatile c-pawn does many
things. Three of these things are concerned with doing away with Black's
center: 1) if offers itself in exchange, so that Black may be lured into
accepting a side pawn in return for his center pawn. 2) it threatens, when the
right moment comes, to destroy Black's center by capturing the d-pawn. 3) it
exerts constant pressure on the d-pawn, so that Black is kept occupied with
its protection. Besides all this, the move of the c-pawn assures that the
c-file is kept free and clear for the convenience of White's major pieces,
while a pathway is opened for the queen, leading to the queenside.} e6 {Black
strengthens the position of his center pawn. In the event that White plays 3.
cxd5, he is ready to recapture with a pawn and thus maintain a pawn in the
center of the board. This is Black's safest defence, even though it does limit
the scope of his c8-bishop.} 3. Nf3 {This is an excellent move, though no so
sharp as 3. Nc3, which adds pressure to the attack on Black's d-pawn. Either
move complies with an injunction particularly applicable in queen's pawn
openings: 1) develop all the pieces as quickly as possible 2) "The main
principle in the openings," says Capablanca, "is RAPID AND EFFICIENT
DEVELOPMENT." (the CAPS are his).} Nf6 {Black's knight moves in toward the
center, attacks the e4-square and adds its weight to the protection of d5. It
is good policy to mobilize the kingside pieces first, since only two of them
need to be developed to make castling possible.} 4. Bg5 {A powerful move! The
bishop is developed and a restraining hand is put on the enemy knight. There
is no immediate threat in the move - White just 'threatens to threaten.'} Be7 {
The proper way to unpin a knight. The inexperienced player often grows
impatient and drives the bishop off by 4...h6 5. Bh4 g5 6. Bg3 only to find
that he has ruined the pawn position on the kingside as a result of his
violent action.} 5. e3 {White strengthens his pawn-center and frees the
light-squared bishop for action.} O-O {Black gets his king into safety before
revealing his plans for the development of the queenside pieces. His b8-knight
may go to d7, or following an attack on White's center, perhaps to c6.} 6. Nc3
{White has no such problems. His queen's knight can move to c3, since it does
not obstruct the c-pawn and the opening of the c-file. At c3, the knight takes
on an active part in the struggle for control of the center.} Nbd7 {This
knight must never be developed at c6 before the c-pawn is moved. The pawn must
be free, either to advance to c5 and fight for equal rights in the center or
to move one square to c6 where it bolsters Black's own center. But the pawn
must not be obstructed by ...Nc6! The development by 6...Nbd7 is stronger than
appears at first glance. Black's position is cramped for the moment, but the
knight is ready to support a liberating movement and an attack on White's
center by ...c5 or ...e5.} 7. Qc2 {A magnificent square for White's queen!
From c2, the queen exerts her powerful influence is several directions: on the
partly open c-file and on the center, perventing Black from freeing himself by
7...Ne4. This attempt to force some exchanges and shake off the pressure is
refuted by (after 7...Ne4) 8. Bxe7 Qxe7 9. cxd5 Nxc3 (if 9...exd5, then 10.
Nxd5 wins on the spot) 10. Qxc3 exd5 11. Qxc7 Qb4+ 12. Qc3, and White has won
a pawn. Another feature of 7. Qc2 is that it vacates d1 for the queen's rook,
whose presence on the same file as Black's queen will discourage the opponent
from making a break in the center. Exchanges of pawns in the center would
clear away some of the obstructions and intensify the rook's pressure on the
file - a pressure which reaches all the way up the file to the queen.} c6 {
This move provides solid support to the center pawn and gives the queen access
to the queenside. It looks substantial enough, but the more aggressive 7...c5,
disputing control of the center by establishing a state of tension there,
might be more to the point. The danger in delaying ...c5 is that Black may
never again have a favorable opportunity to get in this thrust.} 8. Bd3 {White
develops a fifth piece, pointing it at Black's kingside, and is ready to
castle instantly on either wing.} dxc4 {Black waited for White to move his
f1-bishop before making this capture. Otherwise, the bishop recaptures and
develops at the same time. Black's intention, in clearing d5, is to swing his
knight over to that square, force some exchanges, and free his cramped
position. Nevertheless, Black has surrendered the pawn-center, which he so
carefully built up.} 9. Bxc4 {White is content with the result of the pawn
exchange. Line are opened which increase the mobility of his pieces.} Nd5 {
Obviously to compel White to exchange bishops.} 10. Bxe7 {This is safer than
10. Bf4 Nxf4 11. exf4, when White is left with an isolated d-pawn. The pawn
itself is in no great danger, but the d5-square, directly in front of it is!
It is in danger of being occupied indefinitely by one of Black's pieces. A
PIECE STATIONED ON A SQUARE IN FRONT OF AN ISOLATED PAWN CAN NEVER BE DRIVEN
OFF BY ENEMY PAWNS.} Qxe7 {The proper recapture, letting the queen come into
play; taking with the knight would be developing backwards.} 11. O-O {The king
finds a safer shelter while the rooks get in touch with each other. White's
position is excellent, the result of simply straightforward development.} b5 {
A shot at the bishop, to force its retreat. Meanwhile, Black gains time for
the development of his own bishop.} 12. Be2 {The bishop withdraws - but not to
d3, where an attack by 12...Nb4 enables Black to bring about an exchange of
knight for bishop. White wants to preserve the bishop, which has excellent
prospects for attack when it emerges later at d3 or f3. [EDITOR'S NOTE: 12.
Nxd5 exd5 13. Bd3 wins an important pawn for nothing - brutal but effective.]}
(12. Nxd5 exd5 13. Bd3) 12... a6 {This usual manuver of protecting the b-pawn,
so that the c-pawn is free to attack White's center. If Black can get in 13...
c5 he will still have a respectable game.} 13. Ne4 {Uncovering an attack! The
queen threatens the c-pawn, while the knight restrains it from advancing to c5.
White's idea is to prevent the indispensable freeing move ...c5 forever and
then barricade Black completely by planting a piece at c5.} Bb7 {Black
protects the pawn by developing another piece.} 14. Ne5 {Very fine strategy!
Before settling a piece on c5, White plays to get rid of one of the guardians
of that square, Black's knight at d7. If he plays 14. Nc5 at once, then 14...
Nxc5 15. Qxc5 Qxc5 16. dxc5 leaves him with a pawn occupying c5. This does not
have the same effect as a piece standing on that square. A pawn is immobile
and does little to restrain the opponent, but a piece radiates power in all
directions and has a terribly cramping effect on the enemy's movements in the
whole surrounding area.} Rac8 {Developing another piece and defending the pawn
which was attacked by two pieces. Black did not care for the exchange 14...
Nxe5 15. dxe5. White could then anchor his remaining knight at d6, follow up
by planting his queen at c5, and throttle Black thoroughly.} 15. Nxd7 {
Removing one of the pieces guarding the vital c5-square ...} Qxd7 {...and
luring the other one away.} 16. Nc5 {With the domination of this square,
White's advantage is decisive in the strategic sense. What remains is to
exploit the superior position, to translate it into actual victory, and this
process of consummating the win is one of the most fascinating parts of chess.}
Qc7 {Both queen and bishop were attacked, so the queen stays near the bishop.}
17. Rfd1 {The practices of the masters has shown that rooks are most efficient
when they control open files. Support there are no open files? Then the rooks
should be placed on partly open files, or on files likely to be opened.
Support none of those seem to exist? Then the rooks should be brought to the
center, to exert pressure on the center files. BUT THE ROOKS MUST BE DEVELOPED!
} Rcd8 {There are various reasons for this move: 1) The rook has no future on
the c-file while the pawn at c6 impedes its movements (and there is little
prospect of the pawn coming to life). 2) the rook vacates c8 for the bishop.
The bishop cannot stay indefinitely at b7, where it is hampered by the c-pawn,
and where the queen is tied down to its defence.} 18. Rac1 {White's incidental
threat of winning a pawn by 19. Nxb7 Qxb7 20. Qxc6 is subordinate to the
strategic concept of intensifying the pressure on the c-file.} Bc8 {Black
parries the threat of 19. Nxb7 and frees his queen from the job of watching
over the bishop. Now he can speculate on getting some counterplay by the break
19...e5.} 19. Qe4 {Magnificent centralization by the queen, who prevents 19...
e5 (when that pawn would simply be snapped up) and prepares to switch over for
a kingside attack.} Nf6 {The knight, best defender of the castled position,
returns to f6, incidentally with an attack on the queen. Against other moves
White could play 20. Bd3, threatening 21. Qxh7#. This would compel either a
retreat by the knight or a weakening advance of one of Black's kingside pawns.}
20. Qh4 {The queen evades the knight's threat and swings over to the kingside
to get an attack rolling against the king.} Qa5 {Black tries counterattack on
the queenside - mostly to distract his opponent's attention. There is little
he can do to strengthen the defence of his kingside. Any move of a pawn only
loosens the position and reduces his chances of resistance. The break in the
center by 20...e5, which he contemplated making, is risky, to say the least,
as 21. Qg3 in reply, pinning the pawn, is troublesome.} 21. a3 {The simplest
way to save the a-pawn and to keep the queen from moving to b4.} b4 {Hoping to
disrupt White's queenside by continuing with 22...bxa3.} 22. a4 {White avoids
any exchanges that might let the queen set foot in his territory.} Nd7 {Trying
to shake off the grip of the knight, which is strangling his queenside to deah.
If he waits too long, White pursues his attack with 23. Bd3, followed by 24.
g4 (to dislodge the knight which guards against mate). After the compulsory
reply 24...h6, White plays 25. g5, forcing an exchange of pawns which opens
the g-file. White can then shift his king to h1 and swing a rook over to
attack on the open file. Against this, Black could not hold out very long.} 23.
b3 {Defending the a-pawn, and so relieving the knight of that task.} Nxc5 {
There is hardly anything better. The tempting} (23... e5 {succombs to} 24. Nxd7
Bxd7 25. Rc5 Qc7 26. Rxe5 {when White has won a pawn.}) 24. Rxc5 {The exchange
of knights results in White's substituting another piece at c5, maintaining
his grip on the position.} Qb6 {Preferable to 24...Qc7, when the attack might
proceed thus: 25. Rdc1 Bb7 (to protect both the c-pawn and the a-pawn) 26. a5 
(to isolate the b-pawn by preventing 26...a5), and White follows up by 27.
R1c4 and 28. Rxb4.} 25. Rdc1 {Doubling the rooks on an open file more than
doubles the pressure on the file (and on the opponent). White's immediate
threat is 26. Rxc6.} Bb7 {The bishop guards both light-squared pawn, but its
mobility is almost nil. The subject of mobility is interesting. While it is
not always true that the player whose pieces have more room in which to
manuver enjoys an advantage, it applied often enough in practice for us to
disregard the exceptional cases. It stands to reason that pieces that are free
and untrammelled not only have more striking power in the portion of the board
they occupy, but they also control and limit the activities of the enemy. Add
to this the ease with which they can reach other parts of the board, and you
can see the advantages to be derived from the ability to move freely about.
Let us compare all the moves the pieces on each side can make. We are not
evaluating their worth, whether good, bad or indifferent. What we want to see
is the range of their action. WHITE K: 2 Q: 12 c1R: 8 c5R: 11 B: 9 TOTAL: 42
BLACK K: 1 Q: 5 f8R: 1 d8R: 8 B: 2 TOTAL: 17 White's pieces are 250% as
efficient as Black's! With so great a disparity in mobility (and consequently
in attacking force) how long can Black continue the struggle?} 26. a5 {In
order to isolate Black's b-pawn, and incidentally drive the queen back to the
second rank.} Qa7 {On the alternative 26...Qc7 White can either resume
operations on the kingside or go after a pawn on the queenside by 27. Bf3 Rd6
28 R1c4 followed by 29. Rxb4. Winning the pawn will not diminish the force of
White's attack or loosen his grip on the position.} 27. Bd3 {Now that the
queenside is fixed, White turns his attention to the kingside and threatens
mate on the move. Black can easily dispose of this threat, BUT ONLY BY MOVING
ONE OF THE PAWNS NEAR HIS KING AND THEREBY CREATING A WEAKNESS WHICH IS
ORGANIC, PERMANENT AND IRREMEDIABLE!} g6 {If A simpler way, if White doesn't
want to bother analysing combinations, is to maintain the pressure and then
apply more! For instance, after 27...h6 28. Qe4 g6, instead of playing 29. Rh5
White could advance 29. h4, threatening to break up the pawns by 30. h5. If
Black replies 29...h5 to stop the advance, White can ether snap the h-pawn off
with his rook or keep hammering away by 30. g4 hxg4 31. h5. After the actual
move, Black has weaknesses on the dark squares and holes in his position.} ({If
} 27... h6 {then} 28. Qe4 {forces} g6 {when two pawns have been uprooted.
White could then continue by} 29. Rh5 Kg7 (29... gxh5 30. Qh7#) (29... Kh7 30.
Qf4 {wins}) 30. Qe5+ f6 (30... Kh7 31. Qg5 {the neat double pin wins.}) 31. Qg3
g5 (31... f5 32. Qe5+ Kh7 33. Qc7+ Kg8 34. Rxh6 {wins}) 32. Rxh6 Kxh6 33. Qh3+
Kg7 34. Qh7#) 28. Qf6 {The queen plants herself securely in one of the holes
created by Black's ...g6 advance. A hole is an unguarded square such as f6 or
h6 brought into being by the advance of a nearby pawn. It is a weak square,
because it is no longer under the surveillance of a pawn and is vulnerable to
invasion by an enemy piece. Such a piece can settle itself comfortable in one
of these holes, secure in the knowledge that no enemy pawn can disturb it.
White's plan, now that the queen has worked her way into a dominating position
on the kingside, is classical in its simplicity: he will just advance the
h-pawn to h4, h5 and h6, and then play Qg7#. If, after the pawn reaches h5, it
is captured en route, then mate by the rook is the instant punishment.} Rd6 {
Black vacates d8, so that his queen can return to that square and challenge
White's. In chess language: if 29. h4 Qa8 30. h5 Qd8, White's queen must leave
to f6 and forego the threat of mate.} 29. Qe7 {An attack on the exposed rook,
so that Black will have his hands full warding off the accumulating threats. 
Black has three problems, each on a different part of the board:  1) on the
kingside, he must guard against being mated;  2) on the queensdie, he must
release himself from White's stragle-hold;  3) in the middle, he must rescue
any pieces that are loose.} Rfd8 {If instead} (29... Qb8 30. Be4 Rc8 31. h4 Qc7
32. Qf6 Qd8 33. Qxd8+ {followed by either 34. Bxc6 or 34. R1c4, with an easy
routine win.}) 30. h4 {White is still aiming for mate by h5, h6 and Qf6.} R8d7
{The queen must be evicted.  Black does not play 30...R6d7 as he wants the
first rank and the d8-square available to his own queen.} 31. Qf6 {The danger
of mate becomes more acute!} Qa8 {Only by a retreat can Black's queen rush to
the rescue!  If Black tries 31...Rd5 to stop 32. h5, White effect the advance
by first dislodging the rook with 32. Be4.} 32. Be4 {Not at once 32. h5
because of 32...Qd8 in reply.  After the text move (which incidentally
prevents 32...Rd5) White can meet 32...Qd8 by exchanging queens and taking the
c-pawn, winning easily if prosaically.} Qe8 {Hoping to lure White into the
premature 33. Bxc6, when 33...Bxc6 34. Rxc6 Rxc6 35. Rxc6 Rxd4 regains the
pawn and gives him fighting chances.} 33. h5 {Each step the pawn makes
increases the danger to Black's king.  The pawn is headed for h6, where it
will settle itself firmly in the other hole in Black's position.} Rd8 {The
rook withdraws, so that the c-pawn may have the added protection of the queen.
The fact that Black is kept busy warding off threats on both sides of the
board is the clue to the next move, which presents Black with an insoluable
problem (the hardest kind to face).} 34. Bxc6 {Removing the pawn that is
apparently adequately protected.  As will be seen, though, one of its
defenders is overworked.  The queen not only has to guard this point (c6) and
the rook at d8, but must also keep an eye out for mate threats on the king.}
Bxc6 {Black must take the bishop or lose some material, since two pieces are
attacked.} 35. h6 {A ZWISCHENZUG, an in-between move, that threatens instant
mate.} Kf8 {On the alternative defence by 35...Qf8 the win is forced with 36.
Rxc6 (threatening 37. Rxd6 Rxd6 38. Rc8 Qxc8 39. Qg7#) 36...Qxh6 37. Rxd6 Rxd6
38. Rc8+ and Black must give up his queen.} 36. Rxc6 {White has regained his
pieces and now threatens 37. Rxd6 Rxd6 38. Rc8 Qxc8 39. Qh8+, winning the
queen.} Rxc6 {There is not much choice: if Black plays 36...Qd7 (to meet 37
Rxd6 with 37...Qxd6), then 37 Rc7 Qe8 38. Qg7#.} 37. Rxc6 {White gets his rook
back and prepares to seize the seventh rank by 38. Rc7.  This would keep the
king from escaping and again threaten him with mate by the queen.} Rd7 {There
is no relief in} (37... Qxc6 38. Qxd8+ Qe8 39. Qd6+ Kg8 40. Qxa6 Qe7 41. Qb6 {
and the passed pawn cannot be stopped.}) 38. Rc8 {Attacking the queen with his
unprotected rook.  A pretty enough conclusion, but pedents may point out that
White missed a brilliancy in 38. Qg7+ Ke7 39. Rxe6+! Kxe6 Qe5#.  Many a player
has had quicker wins or more artistic ones than actually occured pointed out
to him by lesser lights, who revel in the fact that they found something the
master overlooked.  The reason the master didn't see the shorter line is that
he was not looking for it in the first place!  The move with which he wins is
the one whose effects he foresaw earlier and analysed thoroughly BEFORE
starting his final combination.  Once the series of forcing moves clicks,
there is no reason at all for him to waste time finding other moves that might
win.  It takes time to analyse combinations, and the shorter way, ventured on
hurriedly, might turn out to have a hole in it.  The moral is: PLAY THE MOVE
THAT FORCES THE WIN IN THE SIMPLEST WAY AND LEAVE THE BRILLIANCIES TO ALEKHINE
AND KERES.} Qxc8 {Naturally, 38...Rd8 Rxd8 does not help matters.} 39. Qh8+ {
Winning the queen and the game.  Magnificent play by White, who never once
relaxed his iron control of the game.  A remarkable feature is the
circumstance that none of Black's pieces or pawns, with the exception of the
one brave little pawn at b4, ever crossed the fourth rank into White's side of
the board!} 1-0

[Event "Logical Chess, Move by Move #28"]
[Site "Gothenberg SWE"]
[Date "1920"]
[Round "28"]
[White "Tarrasch"]
[Black "Mieses"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "B01"]
[Annotator "Irving Chernev"]
[PlyCount "81"]
[EventDate "1920"]

1. e4 {In his delightful book CHESS FOR WINTER EVENINGS, written more than 140
year ago, H.R. Agnel proposed an interesting argument for the superiority of 1.
e4 to 1. d4: "Moving the d-pawn two squares," he said, "gives the queen a
range of two squares and the c1-bishop a range of five squares. But moving 1.
e4 gives a range of four squares to the queen an dfive squares to the
f1-bishop. You see therefore that e-pawn two squares is the most desireable
move with which to open the game. There is another reason why this move is
desireable - the pawn occupies a portion of the center of the board. Two pawns
abreast at your e4- and d4- squares, supported by pawns and pieces, must be
considered as your best military position, and maintained with all the skill
in your power."} d5 {With his very first move, Black tries to uproot White's
stake in the center. Black is willing to take some risks for the sake of
having the initiative. There is danger in the fact that his queen, in
recapturing, will come into the game too soon and be chased around the board
by White's minor pieces.} 2. exd5 {Simplest, and keeps Black on his toes. The
alternatives 2. e5 and 2. Nc3 are tame and cause Black no trouble at all.} Qxd5
{Black can play 2...Nf6 to avoid taking with the queen, but the continuation 3.
d4 Nxd5 4. c4 Nf6 5. Nf3 Bg4 6. Be2 leaves White with both a fine pawn center
and the better prospects.} 3. Nc3 {The knight develops and gains a tempo by
attacking the queen. One of the drawbacks of Black's system of defence is that
it subjects his queen to harrassment by the minor pieces without her being
able to bother them in return. The queen, for example, cannot threaten to
capture a knight that is protected as that amounts to giving up the queen for
a knight. The knight, though, can attack and threaten to capture the queen,
whether the queen is protected or not.} Qa5 {This move, exerting pressure on
the diagonal leading to White's king, is preferable to the shamefaced retreat
by 3...Qd8. In either case, though, Black has had to make two moves with his
queen, instead of developing another piece. The beginner likes to give check
whenever he can, and here it might lead to something like this:} (3... Qe5+ 4.
Be2 Bg4 5. d4 Qe6 6. Be3 Bxe2 7. Ngxe2 {and White has three pieces in play to
Black's one - and that one a badly placed queen.}) 4. d4 {Once again seizing
the center. The pawn occupies d4, attacks the squares e5 and c5, and does
further service in releasing the c1-bishop for action.} e5 {Black once again
lashes out at White's center!} 5. Nf3 {Far better than 5. dxe5, to which
Black's reply is 5...Bb4. White combines a threat (6. Nxe5) with the
development of a piece.} Bb4 {Black does not defend his pawn but intensifies
the attack on White's pinned knight. He does not care for 5... exd4 6. Qxd4,
which only speeds White's development.} 6. Bd2 {Chess can be so simple! White
brings a third piece into play and at the same time eases the strain on his
knight. Meanwhile he threatens 7. Nxe5, against which Black has no defence in
6...Nc6 as 7. a3 Bxc3 8. Bxc3 attacks the queen and wins the enemy pawn on e5.
How does Black meet the threat?} Bg4 {Answer: by another pin! Aparently, Black
is not interested in routine defence, or for that matter in normal development.
He wants his pieces to rush out of their corners fighting. If this strategy is
sound, what is to become of all the principals of development - the precepts
which in the hand of a master are his greatest weapons? So far, Black has
violated the conventions governing proper development, by these acts: 1) he
has brought the queen into play too early; 2) he has moved the same piece
twice in the opening; 3) he has developed bishops before knights; 4) he has
launched an attack before completing his development. The question is: can he
get away with all this?} 7. Be2 {White keeps on developing. He brings another
piece out and unpins his f3-knight. The threat of 8. Nxe5 becomes more acute.}
exd4 {Black is practically forced to make this capture, even though it leads
to a position in White's favor. But what else can he do? If he protects the
e-pawn by 7...Nc6, then 8. a3 is again embarassing, for example, after 8...Bd6
9. b4 Qb6 10. Na4 his queen is lost, while 8...Bxc3 9. Bxc3 Qd5 10. dxe5
simply loses a pawn.} 8. Nxd4 {The recapture discovers an attack on Black's
g4-bishop.} Qe5 {Black's response pins the e2-bishop and attacks the
unprotected d4-knight. Black rejects 8... Bxe2 as the recapture by 9. Qxe2+
gains another tempo for White.} 9. Ncb5 {Suddenly White turns aggressor! He
protects his exposed knight, attacks Black's b4-bishop and threatens by 10.
Nxc7+ Qxc7 11. Bxg4 to win a pawn. All this is directed toward bringing about
further exchanges which will speed up his development and gain more and more
tempi for him.} Bxe2 {Black is forced into a series of exchanges which remove
all the pieces he has developed from the board!} 10. Qxe2 {The recapture pins
Black's queen and forces the exchange of queens.} Bxd2+ {The bishops too must
come off, otherwise White wins a pawn after 10...Qxe2+ 11. Kxe2 Bd6 (to
protect the c-pawn) 12. Nxd6+ cxd6 13. Nf5.} 11. Kxd2 {The recapture benefits
White in that it brings his king toward the center for the endgame and clears
away the last obstruction to the development of the rooks. They can now get to
the important open files in the center. As for the king, he is in no danger
once the queens are off the board - and there is no way for Black to prevent
them coming off!} Qxe2+ {Delaying the exchange is dangerous as White threatens
to win a rook by 12. Nxc7+.} 12. Kxe2 {Naturally, White takes with the king,
as he does not want to displace the centralized knight. Tarrasch himself
considered the game to be won at this point: he is five tempi ahead - one move
by the knight and two by each of his knights.} Na6 {An awkward move, but it
guards the c-pawn and facilitates queenside castling. On 12...Kd8 instead,
Black's a8-rook will have trouble coming out.} 13. Rhe1 {Very effective in
that it prevents Black from developing his kingside. If he tries 13...Ne7,
then 14. Kf3 uncovers a pin on the knight and ties the king down to its
protection, while 13...Nf6 is refuted by 14. Kf3+ Kf8, and Black's h8-rook is
shut in indefinitely.} O-O-O {The king flees (meanwhile mobilizing a rook)
rather than stay in the center and be harassed by White's rooks. Has Black
wriggled out of the coils?} 14. Nxa7+ {A startling combination, but
combinations always appear for the player who has established a superior
position. They do not emerge by chance but are the logical outcome of orderly,
methodical play. At first glance, White's capture looks unsound, as both his
knights will soon be en prise, and one of them apparently is doomed.} Kb8 {The
king attacks one knight, the rook the other. How do the knights escape? If 15.
Nab5, then 15...c6 wins a piece, while 15. Ndb5 c6 is similar. TWO KNIGHTS
DEPENDENT ON EACH OTHER FOR PROTECTION ARE HELPLESS AGAINST A PAWN ATTACK ON
EITHER OF THEM.} 15. Ndc6+ {The point! White will get a rook and two pawns for
his knights. This exchange favors White in material terms and he gains other
advantages, as we shall see.} bxc6 {Black has no choice, as 15...Kc8 instead
loses rook and pawn for the knight.} 16. Nxc6+ {White continues with the
combination.} Kc8 {Necessary in order to capture the knight.} 17. Nxd8 {
Removing Black's most dangerous piece. After his knight is taken, White will
be left with two pieces against three, but these two are dynamic rooks with a
whole chessboard to roam around in, while of Black's pieces, two are stuck
away in a corner and one stands awkwardly on the sidelines.} Kxd8 {Black still
has the job of mobilizing his kingside pices while staving off threats on the
queenside. On that wing, White has three pawn to one, and this, after an
exchange of pawns, can become two pawns to none. BLACK MAY HAVE TO FACE AN
ADVANCE OF TWO CONNECTED PASSED PAWNS ON THE QUEENSIDE.} 18. Rad1+ {More gain
in time! The rooks grabs the open file with check, and Black must lose a move
getting his king out of the line of fire.} Ke8 {After} (18... Kc8 19. Kf3 {
threatening 20. Re8+ Kb7 21. Rdd8 winning a piece)} Nf6 20. Re7 Rf8 {White can
either attack on the kingside by 21. g4 or start his pawn phalanx on the
queenside rolling by 21. a3 followed by 22. b4.}) 19. Kd3+ {The king moves
toward Black's disorganized queenside, where defence will be difficult.} Ne7 {
Reluctantly, it would seem, Black finally develops his king's knight, but then
again anything else loses! If 19...Kf8, then 20. Kc4 (threatening instant mate)
20...g6 21. Rd8+ Kg7 22. Kb5 and White wins the a6-knight, or if 19... Kd8,
then 20. Kc4+ Kc8 21. Re8+ Kb7 22. Rdd8, and the g8-knight falls.} 20. Kc4 {
The king gets out of the path of the rook and prepares to assist his queenside
pawns.} h5 {A peculiar way to develop the rook, but how else can it come out
of the corner? Black is ready to repel the invasion 21. Kb5 by 21... Rh6
followed by 22...Rb6+.} 21. Rd3 {So White abandons this tack and indicates
that he intends to double the rooks on the e-file and win the pinned knight.}
Nb8 {The knight retreats in order to reach c6 and the aid of his companion.}
22. Rde3 {Doubles the pressure and threatens to capture the knight.} Nbc6 {The
only possible way to save the pinned knight.} 23. b4 {Preparing to stab at the
defending knight, drive it off, and win the other one.} f6 {Providing a new
spot for the c6-knight. In reply to 24. b5 he can now play 24...Ne5+,
intercepting the attack of the rooks. If later on the knight is evicted from
e5, it can retreat to g6, where it again protects the e7-knight.} 24. f4 {This
stops the knight reaching e5 and renews the threat of 25. b5. The position
seems lost for Black, but Mieses not only ingeniously slips out of the pin and
its terrors but also manages to set a subtle trap into which anyone might
plunge!} Kf7 {If White now tries to win a piece, this is what he might fall
into: (see 25. b5 variation)} 25. a4 {White avoids the pitfall and proceeds
with the simplest strategy governing all endgames: he pushes the passed pawn!}
(25. b5 Na5+ 26. Kb4 Nd5+ 27. Kxa5 Ra8#) 25... Rb8 {Temporarily halting the
march of the two pawns. White cannot play 26. a5 as 26...Rxb4+ wins a couple
of pawns, while after 26. b5 Na5+ 27. Kc5 (not 27. Kb4 Nd5+, and Whites in the
mating trap) 27...Nb7+ 28. Kc4 (moving to b4 or d4 allows a check by the other
knight winning the exchange) 28...Na5+ the king is making no progress - he
must either retreat or submit to a perpetual check.} 26. c3 {Simple and
strong! White guards the b-pawn and prepares to advance the a-pawn.} Rd8 {
There is no way to stop 27. a5 so Black tries to get counterplay on the open
file.} 27. Rd3 {Brutal but necessary. WHITE MUST OPPOSE ROOKS ON THE FILE.
Black will either have to exchange rooks or move his rook away, leaving White
in full possession of the file. One of the points a beginner learns painfully
is that he must fight for control of every bit of territory, whether it is a
file, a diagonal or a square. It is often necessary to offer an exchange of
pieces to secure possession of an important point or area. Such offers must
not be avoided for fear of their leading to a dull game, or that such strategy
is unsportsmanlike, is only torturing his opponent. A WIN MUST BE COMPLETED IN
THE QUICKEST, MOST EFFICIENT WAY POSSIBLE.} Rxd3 {Relinquishing the file
offers the black rooks no future on any other file - so he exchanges.} 28. Kxd3
{White is left with one piece to two, but his lone rook with its enormous
mobility is more than a match for Black's knights, who must keep in constant
touch with each other ot assure their mutual safety.} Ke8 {The king rushes off
to the queenside to head off the passed pawn.} 29. a5 {Every move of this pawn
increases Black's danger. Keeping it under restraint will tie up his pieces so
that he will have no time to think of counterattack.} Kd7 {Black moves closer
to the a-pawn meanwhile unpinning his knight.} 30. a6 {Putting a stop to the
king's little trip, as 30...Kc8 is punished by 31. b5, when Black must give up
one of his knights.  Note again that having the two knights lean on each other
for support is not an ideal arrangement.} Nd5 {The knight is on its way to the
queenside.  Meanwhile it attacks the loose f-pawn.} 31. Ra1 {One way to
dispose of a threat is to disregard it and counter with a more urgent one! 
White's threat is 32. a7, which would force Black to sacrifice his knight for
a pawn.} Na7 {The pawn must be blockaded!  On 31...Nxf4+ 32. Ke4 Nxg2 33. a7
Nxa7 34. Rxa7 the win is elementary.} 32. g3 {White stabalizes the kingside
pawn position before proceeding with affairs on the queenside.} c6 {With the
double object of making it more difficult for White's b-pawn to advance, and
to vacate c7 for his king.} 33. Ra4 {"Every one of White's moves in this
ending deserves an exclamation mark!" enthusiastically cries Mieses, whoe
played the Black pieces in this game.  White's idea is to protect the b-pawn
so that he can then oust the black knight from its strong post in the center
by 34. c4.} Nb6 {The knight does not wait but turns on the rook.} 34. Ra5 {The
rook leaves but loses no time, as it threatens to capture Black's h-pawn.} g6 {
The only way to save the pawn.  Black can try interposing the knight at d5
instead, but after 35. Kc4 and 36. Kb3 (to protect the b-pawn) White evicts
the knight by 37. c4 and wins the unguarded h-pawn.} 35. c4 {Keeping the
knight away from d5 forever!} Nbc8 {Black is running out of good moves: he
cannot play 35...Kd6 on account of 36. c5+ nor can he solidfy the kingside
position by 35...f5 without letting White's king break in later by way of e5.}
36. Ra1 {Rather surprising!  White delays any further manuvers with the
queenside pawns and proposes to bring his king and rook to more aggressive
positions.  The king will move to d4 and then to c5 and the rook to the open
e-file, eventually to penetrate the sixth and seventh rank.  Black will then
have to fight off the rook's threats against the kingside pawns as well as to
hold back the dangerous pawns advancing on the queenside.} Nd6 {Black can do
nothing but defend patiently.} 37. Kd4 {Meanwhile White proceeds to bring his
king to c5.} Ndc8 {If Black plays 37...Kc7, ready to reply to 38. Kc5 with 38..
.Ne4+, White forces an entrance by 38. Re1 (threatening a deadly check at e7)
38...Kd7 39. Kc5 Ndc8 40. b5.} 38. Kc5 {The king is now ideally placed, and
White is set for a quick finish by 39. b5 and 40. b6.} Kc7 {Certainly not 38...
Nd6, when 39. Kd1 pins the knight.  A pretty continuation could then be 39...
Nc8 40. Rxd6+ Nxd6 41. a7, when the pawn cannot be stopped.} 39. Re1 {Poised
for invasion at e6 or e8 and a raid on the kingside pawns.} Nb6 {If 39...Kd7 
(to keep the rook from moving e6 or e8), then 40. b5 cxb5 41. cxb5 Kc7 42. Re6
and White wins as he pleases.} 40. Re7+ {The rook finally breaks into the
enemy camp!} Nd7+ {Not, of course, 40...Kb8, when White's reply 41.Rb7+ wins a
knight or two.  Black's interposition with check looks as though it might
still give White some trouble.  For instance after 41. Kd4 c5+ 42. bxc5 Nc6+
Black wins a whole rook!} 41. Rxd7+ {A brilliant finish!  After 41...Kxd7, 42.
b5 cxb5 43. cxb5 Nc8 (or 43...Kc7 44. b6+) 44. b6 followed by 45. a7 resolves
any lingering doubts.  An impressive display in the art of utilizing the
advantages accruing from gain of time in the opening.} 1-0

[Event "Logical Chess, Move by Move #29"]
[Site "Nuremberg GER"]
[Date "1905"]
[Round "29"]
[White "Marshall"]
[Black "Tarrasch"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "D51"]
[Annotator "Irving Chernev"]
[PlyCount "88"]
[EventDate "1905"]

1. d4 {Although queen's pawn openings are played with the idea of obtaining an
early positional advantage, Marshall considered the best way to start an
attack was to begin the game with 1. d4. One reason for his view might have
been that the e-pawn openings no longer could be depended on to lead to
wide-open games with opportunities for combinative play. In the old days when
White began with 1. e4, the reply almost automatically was 1...e5. White could
then offer a pawn by 2. f4, rely on its being accepted, and joyfully swing
into the excitement of a King's Gambit. In taking the pawn and grimly holding
on to it, Black gained material, but the loss of time involved threw him on
the defensive. Gradually, after sustaining many defeats, the players of Black
were tired of being the victims of brilliancies. They took a more rational
attitude, and grew cautious. They resorted to 1...e6, 1...c5 or 1... c6,
steering the game into channels of their own choosing. The result was that an
aggressive player, starting the game with 1. e4, found himself facing
'irregula' defences, which forced the game into unfamiliar channels. He found
himself involved in tightly knit positions requiring systematic planning, when
he was itching to get an attack rolling. He was supposed to have the
initiative, but here it was wrested away from him! How could he play a gambit 
(even at best a risky matter) if his opponent did not oblige him with a
forthright 1...e5 in answer to his own enterprising 1. e4? In beginning the
game with 1. d4, White gets an advantage, slight though it may be, against any
system of defence - and with it he retains excellent attacking chances as well!
} d5 {Undoubtedly one of the strongest replies. Black stabalizes the pressure
in the center, prevents White from strengthening his hold there by 2. e4, and
himself opens lines for two of his pieces to get into the game.} 2. c4 {An
offer of a pawn (with strings attached) to induce Black to surrender the
center.} e6 {Taking the pawn is perfectly sound, but why give up the center to
win a pawn which it turns out you cannot keep? Playing 2...dxc4 is equivalent
to exchanging a center pawn for a side pawn, in itself an unprofitable
transaction. However, many leading players are happy to play this opening, so
there must be some counterbalancing plus point. The main advantage is that
Black no longer has the responsibility of supporting the d5-pawn, and this
makes it easier for him to organize the crucial thrust ...c5, exchanging his
own c-pawn for White's d-pawn. Thus, although White has a temporary
superiority in the center, it is often not long before Black can restore a
symmetrical central situation. After Black's actual move, his d-pawn is firmly
supported. If now 3. cxd5, BLACK RECAPTURES WITH A PAWN, maintaining a pawn in
the center. It is true that Black's c8-bishop is shut in by the e-pawn, making
its development difficult, and this is a drawback to the defence. But if
Black's first two moves are good, and they probably form th ebest reply to the
Queen's Gambit, then one can appreciate the terrific strength of this opening,
and why so many players adopt 1. d4 unhesitatingly whenever they have White.}
3. Nc3 {This is somewhat sharter than developing the other knight first, as
additional pressure is immediately put on the central point d5.} Nf6 {Tarrasch
did not approve of this knight move, which most of us would make instinctively.
It is true that f6 is the most useful square for the king's knight 99.44% of
the time, since from there it influences affairs in the center strongly,
enjoys great freedom of movement, and is magnificently placed for attack and
defence. However, Tarrasch feared the strength of th epin that White can clamp
on the knight next move. Instead of 3...Nf6, he therefore recommended that
Black challenge White's center at once by 3...c5 (the advance ...c5 is almost
a must at some stage in queen's pawn games), meanwhile opening up the c-file
for the use of his own heavy pieces. Why then, you may ask, did Tarrasch play
a move that he himself disparaged? His explanation is that this was the first
game of a match against one of the world's leading masters (Marshall had
recently won the Cambridge Springs tournament without losing a game, ahead of
Lasker, Schlechter, Pillsbury and Janowsky) and he did not wish to stray so
soon from orthodox paths.} 4. Bg5 {Naturally! Not only because the bishop
exerts uncomfortable pressure on the knight, but also because it is good
policy to play moves that the opponent finds disturbing. If Tarrasch thinks
that pinning the knight is troublesome - pin the knight and make him uneasy!}
Nbd7 {This looks clumsy, with the knight blocking what little view the
c8-bishop had, but pieces can easily step out of each other's way. The knight
belongs on d7 and not on c6, where it obstructs the c-pawn. This pawn must not
be hindered from advancing sooner or later to c5. Little as the pawn is, it
represents a major force in disputing possession of the center! With 4...Nbd7
Black sets a little trap for the unwary, invented by Tarrasch. If White,
relying on the impotent state of Black's pinned knight, tries to pick up a
pawn by 5. cxd5 exd5 6. Nxd5, Black gives up his queen with 6...Nxd5 (breaking
the pin by force) 7. Bxd8, only to regain it with another piece thrown in by 7.
..Bb4+ 8. Qd2 Bxd2+ 9. Kxd2 Kxd8. The moral is: don't go pawn-hunting in the
opening!} 5. e3 {This sort of pawn move is not a waste of time. Without a
liberating pawn move the bishops can never get off the ground, so this is part
of the process of bringing the pieces into play. With the text-move, White
opens two diagonals at once, once for his f1-bishop and another one for the
queen. The e-pawn contributes an additional service in bracing up the
pawn-center.} c6 {Black too reinforces his pawn-center and gives his queen an
outlet on the queenside.} 6. Qc2 {It is customary to develop the minor pieces
first, roughly in this order: First the knights, generally to c3 and f3, but
toward the center in any event; then the bishops (after the necessary pawn
moves), either to control vital diagonals or to pin enemy knights; following
this, it is time for the queen to make her entrance. If the queen comes into
the game too early, she incurs the danger of being harrassed - perhaps even
surrounded and captured - by enemy minor pieces. Last come the rooks, which
after castling are brought to e1, d1 or c1, to head files in the center which
are partly open. These files are likely to become completely open after pawn
exchanges in the center. This method of development is not by any means to be
considered a fixed course to pursue. Nothing in chess - no convention,
principle or recommended procedure - is to be practiced rigidly. The value of
any single move or combination of moves can only be measured with respect to
the particular position on the board. It must fit in with the scheme of the
game you are playing and be tempered by the demands of the opponent. A great
deal depends on what he does, or lets you do. This is why you may find it
expedient to develop the queen at the sixth move or to castle at the sixtieth
move. In this position Black has indicated that he might counterattack by 6...
Qa5 and 7...Bb4, pinning the c3-knight and then increasing the pressure on it.
It might have been more to the point for White instead to mobilize another
minor piece by 6. Nf3 (like putting money in the bank), with an eye to speedy
castling or perhaps to neutralizing the anticipated pressure on the c3-knight
over to d2.} Qa5 {A many-sided move: the queen not only unpins the f6-knight
but starts a counteraction by pinning the white knight; Black threatens to
intensify the pressure by bringing the f8-bishop to b4. An an extra, added
attraction, Black sets a little trap to catch the careless - and this might
even include expert players who at times treat the opening in a perfunctory
way. The trap might snap shut on a player who innocently develops his bishop
at d3 only to find that 7...dxc4 threatens both his bishops at one blow. White
cannot escape from the trap by 8. Bxf6 as 8...cxd3 attacks his queen and wins
a bishop. It might be as well to state at this point that Tarrasch did not
expect to catch Marshall with such a primitive trap. Master players do not set
traps if it involves injuring their own position. A trap which arises in the
natural course of development is one thing, but to play for them deliberately
at the risk of wasting valuable time is unforgiveable.} 7. cxd5 {White
neutralizes the queen's indirect attack on his bishop and clears away the
c-file for the benefit of his major pieces.} Nxd5 {Tarrasch had planned to
recapture by 7...exd5 in order to maintain a pawn in the center. Now he
realizes that danger may be involved in delaying the development of the
queenside pieces any longer. His c8-bishop is locked in on one side by the
d7-knight, and this knight must stay where it is, as it supports the other
knight on f6. If he tries to develop the bishop on the queenside, then after .
..b6 he cuts off the queen's retreat. But the strategy of a master player must
be flexible: it must be consistent with the requirements of the particular
position at hand. Tarrasch would very much like to have a strong pawn-center
but dares not neglect the exigencies of development. So he heeds Nimsowitsch
who once said, "Giving up the center must not here be regarded as illogical;
was happiness no happiness because it endured for but a short time? One cannot
always be happy." Meanwhile the knight does add to the pressure on White's
pinned knight and renews the threat of winning the exposed bishop by 8. ..Nxc3
9. bxc3 Qxg5.} 8. Nf3 {"In his anxiety," says Tarrasch, "to guard the
threatened bishop, White makes a decisive mistake." This is an interesting
example of the value of accrate timing in chess. The fact that a normal
developing move has intrinsic strength is secondary to the questiong of its
usefuleness IN THE ONE POSITION IN FRONT OF YOU, not in vaguely similar
positions. Despite the fact that the knight occupies a most useful post at f3,
and at the same time protects the bishop, its development is either too soon
or too late. White is doing nothing about the problem of his pinned knight.
This is where pressure is exerted; this is where danger is threatened. More to
the point is 8. e4 instead, evicting Black's knight and forcing it to declare
its intentions. If then 8...Nxc3 9. Bd2 Qa4 10. Bxc3, White has resolved an
uncomfortable situation.} Bb4 {Tripling the attack on the knight. Black
threatens to win at once by 9...Nxc3 10. bxc3 Bxc3+ followed by 11... Bxa1.
How shall White meet the threat? If he plays the natural 9. Rc1, the knight is
adequately guarded since it is attacked three time and defended three times.
However, Black then capitalizes on a curious fact about the power of a pinned
piece: not only is it helpless to make a move but is has also lost its ability
to defend! Translated into chess language, this means that 9. Rc1 can be met
by 9...Qxa2, a capture startling at first glance but an obvious one if we
realize that the knight's defensive power is illusory! I stress this
circumstance because it is important. Knowing it, recognizing it and applying
it has caused (chess) kingdoms to topple. All this fuss about winning a
miserable a-pawn? Let's see what would happen thereafter: After 9. Rc1 Qxa2,
Black's method is classical in its simplicity. He follows up by ... Bxc3 and
after the recapture by the pawn exchanges queens. He has an extra pawn, but
this is not enough advantage to bring about checkmate. He must increase his
material superiority sufficiently to justify him in going after the king, and
this can only be done by turning one of his pawn into a queen. So he selects
the most likely candidate, in this case the passed a-pawn, and pushes it step
by step up the board. The pawn's advance faces the opponent with a problem
that becomes more acute with every step taken by the pawn. He must head off
the pawn or blockade it completely, in either case tying up one or more of his
pieces to do so. The defence is under the strain of keeping the pawn under
constant surveillance, while at the same time having to guard against a sudden
switching of the attack toward his king. What often happens is that he either
has to give up a piece for the pawn or allow furter exchanges of pieces, a
procedure which leads to inevitable loss. Such long-range plans are not based
on exact calculation; they represent a general idea of the method for winning
in positions of this nature.} 9. Kd2 {Not an appetizing move, as the king
loses the privilege of castling, but it's the only way to guard agains losing
some material.} c5 {"Hits the nail on the head, " says Tarrasch. With the
subsequent exchange of pawns, the c-file will be prised open, further
endangering the unfortunate knight.} 10. a3 {White is anxious to bring matters
to a head. The alternative 10. e4 yields to 10... cxd4 11. exd5 (or 11 Nxd4
Nxc3 12. bxc3 Qxg5+ and Black wins a piece - the exposed bishop that seemed
doomed from the start) 11...dxc3+ 12. bxc3 Qxd5+ and Black is a pawn up with a
winning position.} Bxc3+ {Tarrasch simplifies and avoids the difficulties
attendant on winning the exchange, such as 10... cxd4 11. axb4 dxc3+ 12. Qxc3
Qax1 13. Qxg7 Rf8 14. e4 Nxb4 15. Bb5 Qxh1 16. Qf6 and White forces mate. It
is true that Black could win the game at his fifteenth move by playing 15...
Qa5, but why risk all these complications when the advantage can be maintained
by less hazardous means?} 11. bxc3 {The only way White may recapture.} cxd4 {
Continuing the good work of opening up the c-file.} 12. exd4 {Again, White has
no choice of recapture: the c-pawn is pinned, and 12. Nxd4 is refuted by 12...
Nxc3 13. Qxc3 Qxg5, when Black has won a pawn.} N7b6 {White's pinned knight is
gone, but it has been replaced by a pawn - and this pawn is also pinned! It
makes a fine target, so Black direct his fire on it. He threatens to strike at
it again by 13...Na4 or by 13...Bd7 followed by 14...Rc8.} 13. Bd3 {Finally
another kingside piece sees daylight!} Bd7 {Black can pounce on the pawn with
13...Na4, but he prefers to complete his development first and then bring all
his pieces to bear on it. "Besides," as he says, anticipating Nimsowitsch,
"the pawn does not run away."} 14. Rhc1 {White must develop and defend at the
same time. If he gets a moment's respite, he will free the pinned pawn by 15.
Ke2, 16. Bd2 and 17. c4} Rc8 {But Black doesn't let up even for a moment! The
rook seizes control of the beautiful open file and immediately adds its weight
to the pressure on the immobilized c-pawn.} 15. Qb3 {Trying to lure Black into
15...Na4 16. Qxb7 Rxc3 17. Rxc3 Qxc3+ 18. Ke2, when he has counterplay.} O-O {
"First," thinks Tarrasch, "let's get the king away from the fighting and bring
the other rook closer."} 16. Ke2 {Clearly the c-pawn must be lost, as Black
can attack it with more pieces than White can summon up for defence, so White
saves time by abandoning the pawn and fleeing with his king.} Rxc3 {The first
material gain, and with it entry to the enemy position.} 17. Rxc3 {Avoiding
the exchange of rooks by 17. Qb2 lets Black retain his grip on the open file.}
Qxc3 {Much better than taking with the knight. Black's idea is to occupy a
strategically strong outpost on the only open file or force an exchange of
queens. The removal of the queens would simplify matters to his advantage, as
he is a pawn ahead.} 18. Qb1 {Forced into retreat, White manage to incorporate
the threat of 19. Bxh7+, regaining the pawn.} h6 {The simplest way of saving
the pawn, this also provides the king with a useful escape square against a
surprise check on the last rank.} 19. Bd2 {Driven back, this piece too retires
with a threat.} Qc7 {The queen reluctantly leaves the beautiful outpost at c3
but stays on the all-important c-file.  Note the reason the queen selects the
c7-square: at c6 the action of the bishop is intefered with, at c8 that of the
rook.  Black threatens 20...Nf4+, forcing an exchange of the knight for one of
White's bishops.} 20. Kf1 {Everybody going home?} Nc4 {Begins a new phase in
which Black drives pieces into the enemy's territory.  These will control key
squares and cramp White's movements by limiting the mobility of his pieces.}
21. Bc1 {Just about the only place left, if White wants to keep both his
bishops.} Ba4 {And this cuts down the activities of White's queen.} 22. Qa2 {
Double attack on the knight!  This is less a threat than a convenient means of
gaining time to switch the queen over to the kingside.  White's only chance,
of course, is to dream up some sort of counterattack.  Passive play will only
lead to his being gradually crushed to death.} Rc8 {Black protects the knight
and simultaneously takes undisputed possession of the c-file.} 23. Qe2 {White
intends to stir up trouble by playing 24. Ke4 (threatening 25. Qh7+ Kf8 26.
Qh8+ Ke7 27. Qxg7).  Then if 24...Nf6, the reply 25. Qh4, threatening 26. Bxh6,
might whip up some sort of attack on the kingside.} Nc3 {Not only does this
move put a stop to any notions White might have had of starting a
counteroffensive, but it also restricts his queen, which is attacked, to one
solitary move!  Such is the extent of Black's domination of the board!} 24. Qe1
{The only refuge left from the terrible knights who cover seven of the queen's
flight squares!} Na5 {With the obvious plan of penetrating deeper into White's
position by 25...Nb3.  This would result, as a start, in winning the exchange.}
25. Bxh6 {Lashing out with the wildness born of dispair.  The game could not
have been saved by 25. Bd2 as after 25...Nb3 (the knights now circumscribe the
rook's activities as they did the queen's) 26. Bxc3 Qxc3 27. Rd1 (or 27. Qxc3
Rxc3 28. Rd1 Nc1, when Black wins the exchange or a piece) 27...Nc1, when the
attack on White's rook and bishop will win some material.} Nb3 {Taking the
bishop might lead to a win, but why expose the king needlessly?  Black's
actual move is simpler and more in keeping with his queenside manuvers up to
this point.} 26. Bd2 {White could not rescue the helpless rook, so must
content himself with the fact that he has regained the pawn he lost.} Nxa1 {
Winning the exchange is the culmination of some clever horseplay by the
knights.} 27. Qxa1 {White must capture this way, and not 27. Bxc3, which loses
a whole rook after 27...Qxc3.} Bb5 {The fine art of simplification!  Black
exchanges pieces to cut down resistance.  With fewer pieces on the board,
fewer complications can be introduced by White, while Black's material
advantage becomes proportionally greater.  Notice how Black engineers these
exchanges without weakening his grip on the position.} 28. Bxb5 {As good as
there is: after 28. Bxc3 Bxd3+ followed by 29...Qxc3 Black wins a piece, while
28. Qxc3 Qxc3 29. Bxc3 Bxc3+ and 30...Rxc3 does likewise.} Nxb5 {Now Black
threatens 29...Qc4+ 30. Ke1 Nc3, and the threat of mate at e2 forces 31. Bxc3,
whereupon 31...Qxc3+ 32. Qxc3 leaves an elementary winning position.} 29. g3 {
White hopes to find shelter for the king at g2, where it is less exposed, and
also sets up a pawn support for the bishop, which might get a new start at f4.}
Qc6 {The queen pounces on the light squares that have been weakened by White's
last move.  The attack on the knight gains a tempo for the queen's further
penetration into White's territory.} 30. Kg2 {An advance by the knight e.g. 30.
Ne5, loses the queen after 30...Qh1+ while protecting the knight with 30. Ke2
runs into 30...Qe4+ 31. Be3 Rc2+ 32. Nd2 (or 32. Kd1 Nc3+ winning) 32...Ra2!
when 33. Qa2 Nc3+ costs White his queen, while otherwise the d4-pawn falls
with check.} Rd8 {Now onto this file, where the isolated pawn makes a fine
target.} 31. Be3 {Guarding the d-pawn, since the pinned knight is no
protection.} Qe4 {The queen works her way deeper into the heart of the
position.} 32. Qb2 {White tries to get some play for his queen, while the
other pieces huddle around each other for mutual protection.  The queen does
not rush to seize the open file, as after 32. Qc1 Nxd4 33. Bxd4 Rxd4 the
threat of 34...Rd3 is more than White can stand.} Rd5 {A diabolical move!  Not
only does Black guard his own knight, but he also threatens to win White's by
33...Rf5 34. Qe2 Nxd4+!, an attack on the queen and triple attack on the
knight.  There is no answer to this as White is pinned all over the place!} 33.
a4 {Driving the knight off so that it no longer attacks the d-pawn.} Nd6 {The
knight leaves, taking care to protect the b-pawn.} 34. Bf4 {Otherwise, Black
plays 34...g5, threatening 35...g4 or 35...Rf5, or both!} Nf5 {Once more
striking at the d-pawn.} 35. Be3 {White cannot afford 35. Qxb7 as after 35...
Nxd4 36. Qc8+ Kh7 37. Qc3 g5 he loses more material.} Nxe3+ {Simpler than
combinations beginning with 35...e5.  After the text move, two more pieces
come off the board, and another pawn will fall.} 36. fxe3 {White must
recapture.} Qxe3 {This unpins the knight, but the knight must stay where it is
to protect the d-pawn.} 37. g4 {White must not play 37. Qxb7 as the reply 37...
Qe2+ forces the king away from the knight and costs a piece.  His actual move
stops Black from increasing the pressure by 37...Rf5.} f5 {Black can afford
this opening up of the position.  His king suffers less from exposure than
does White's.  The threat of course is 38...fxg4, winning at once.} 38. g5 {
After 38. h3 fxg4 39. hxg4 Qf4 40. g5 Qg4+ 41. Kf2 Rf5 the threats of 42...
Qf3+ and 42...Qxg5 cannot both be met.} Qe4 {Once more clamping a pin on the
knight!} 39. Qc3 {Carefully avoiding 39. Qxb7, when 39...f4 faces him with
loss of the knight by 40...Qe2+ or loss of the g-pawn by 40...Rxg5+.} f4 {Not
at once 39...e5 because 40. g6 leaves White threatening sudden mate!} 40. Qc8+
{If White had tried 40. g6 then 40...Rg5+ would end the g-pawn's career.} Kh7 {
To escape any more checks by the queen.} 41. Qc3 {Back to the defence of the
knight and d-pawn.} e5 {This signals the beginning of the last phase: the
break-up of White's center.  This is stronger than 41...Rxg5+ 42. Kf2 Rh5 43.
h4, when White threatens 44. Ng5+.  The idea of the text-move is to continue
with 42...Rxd4, with which Black accomplishes these things:  1) He has
demolished White's center.  2) He threatens an immediate win by 43...Rd3.  3)
He is assured (if the foregoing is not convincing enough) of remaining with
two connected passed pawn in the center.} 42. h4 {Marshall sees that 42. dxe5
loses a piece after 42...Rd3 but he still has a few tricks up his sleeve.} Rxd4
{Intending to attack queen and knight by 43...Rd3, incidentally cutting off
the queen from the knight's defence.} 43. g6+ {This is one of the traps: if
Black plays 43...Kxg6, White replies 44. Qb3 (apparently trying to get a
perpetual check) 44...Rd3, and now instead of 45. Qe6+ White plays 45. Qxd3
Qxd3 46. Nxe5+ followed by 47. Nxd3 regaining the queen and winning a rook.}
Kh6 {Black side-steps this one.} 44. Kh2 {So White sets up another trap: if 44.
..Rd3 45. Qxe5 Qxf3, then 46. Qg5#!} Qe2+ {To this there is no reply: 45. Kg1
Rd1+ 46. Ne1 Rxe1+ wins, or 45 Kh3 Rd3, pinning the poor knight for the last
time, puts out the last flickers of resistance.} 0-1

[Event "Logical Chess, Move by Move #30"]
[Site "Buenos Aires ARG"]
[Date "1914"]
[Round "30"]
[White "Capablanca"]
[Black "Villegas"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "D04"]
[Annotator "Irving Chernev"]
[PlyCount "67"]
[EventDate "1914"]

1. d4 {In this game, the art of chess is reduced to a simple formula: GET A
PASSED PAWN, MOVE IT UP THE BOARD, AND WIN! White begins by getting a foothold
in the center, while releasing two pieces.} d5 {This is probably Black's
strongest reply. It equalizes the pressure and prevents White from
monopolizing the center with 2. e4.} 2. Nf3 {The knight leaps in toward the
center, intensifying the pawn's pressure on e5. The knight does its best work
at f3, covering eight squares in the circle of its attack.} Nf6 {Black applies
the same formula, developing his g8-knight to its most effective post. Aside
from its admirable potential for attack, the knight also serve while it stands
and waits. In the service of the king, especially after castling, the knight
defends as no other piece can.} 3. e3 {Not the most energetic procedure, but
White need not be aggressive from the start. The opening itself is so strong
that White can build up a promising position merely by developing his pieces
so that they occupy the most suitable squares immediately. The method is
simplicity itself: PUT EVERY SINGLE PIECE TO WORK, AND MOVE NO PIECE TWICE
UNIL DEVELOPMENT IS COMPLETE. The fact that 3. e3 releases one bishop but
shuts another is of little moment, as the c1-bishop can get into the game by
way of b2. White does not indicate his specific intentions: he might play the
Colle Attack or perhaps simply develop the bishop at d3 with a view to early
kingside castling.} c6 {Black supports his d-pawn, anticipating an attack on
it by 4. c4. He prefers this to the alternative pawn support by 3...e6, which
confines his queen's bishop. However, if Black wants to free his bishop, why
not move it at once to f5? There it would stand ready to oppose White's bishop
when it moves to d3. The almost inevitable bishop exchange then removes
White's attacking bishop from the board and takes the sting out of the Colle
System of attack. Another possibility was pushing on to c5 at once with his
paw, striking at White's center and opening the c-file for the use of his own
heavy pieces. But why play 3...c6, moving a pawn unnecessarily in the opening?
Why waste time defending when nothing is threatened?} 4. Bd3 {Quiet, forceful
development: the bishop surveys two fine diagonals and is ready for action in
either direction. Meanwhile the kingside is cleared for castling.} Bg4 {As
good as there is for this bishop. The best square the bishop could occupy is
f5, but White's last move this square unavailable.} 5. c4 {Alert play! White
strikes at the enemy center and prepares to open the c-file for the
convenience of his major pieces. The diagonal created for his queen also holds
out prospects of a raid by 6. Qb3 on Black's queenside, weakened by the
absence of his bishop.} e6 {Black's f8-bishop is provided with an outlet,
while the central d-pawn is given further support.} 6. Nbd2 {White defends the
f3-knight with a minor piece, relieving the queen of a duty. This method of
developing the knight is preferable to placing it at c3, where it might
interfere with the future operations of the queen or the rook on the c-file.}
Nbd7 {For Black's knight, too, this is model development. At d7 it cooperates
with the f6-knight and supports an eventual attack on White's center by ...c5
or ...e5. Either of these freeing moves is an objective Black must strive to
attain in this opening.} 7. O-O {The king rushes off to safer quarters while
the rook comes out of hiding.} Be7 {This develops a piece and enables Black to
castle but is rather unenterprising. A more spirited course was 7...e5
attempting to have something to say about affairs in the center.} 8. Qc2 {So
White puts a stop to any such ideas! An advance by 8...e5 now costs a pawn, as
White's knight, no longer pinned, is free to pick off the pawn. The queen's
development at c2 is modest, but in the early stages of the game, the queen
should rarely venture beyond the third or fourth rank. What IS important,
though, is to move the queen off the back rank and into active play.} Bh5 {
Black prepares to swing the light-squared bishop around to g6 to exchange it
for White's aggressive d3-bishop. Had he castled instead, then 9. Ne5 Bh5 (9...
Nxe5 10. dxe5 Nd7 11. Bxh7+ wins a pawn for White) 10. f4 gives White a
powerfully centralized knight and excellent attacking prospects.} 9. b3 {A
pawn move that provides an outlet for a piece is always justified. This one
makes room for the c1-bishop's development.} Bg6 {Black continues with the
business of forcing an exchange of light-square bishops.} 10. Bb2 {From a
distance, the dark-squared bishop intensifies White's pressure on the
important central square e5. With this square under control, it will be
difficult for Black to get in the freeing move ...e5.} Bxd3 {There was no
hurry about this exchange. Why not calmly keep on with the job of developing
pieces, as White does?} 11. Qxd3 {After this recapture, White has all the play.
He can choose from various plans: 1) a break-up by e4, to open lines of attack
for his pieces; 2) the establishment of an outpost at e5 by the knight; 3) a
hemming-in process, beginning with c5.} O-O {There is no way for Black to meet
all these continuations, so he transfers his king to a safe shelter.} 12. Rae1
{Before committing himself, White brings another piece into play. The rook's
presence on the e-file will add power to the e-pawn's advance. WHITE DOES NOT
TAKE ACTION UNTIL HIS DEVELOPMENT IS COMPLETE.} Qc7 {Black mobilizes another
piece, hoping for some counterplay by 13...c5. The development of the queen
also enables the rooks to establish communication with each other.} 13. e4 {
Opening up lines of attack, which says theory, will favor the player whose
development is superior. White rejects 13. c5, the reply to which would be 13..
.e5 14 dxe5 Nxc5.13. Ne5 is no more promising, since 13...Nxe5 14. dxe5 Nd7 15.
f4 f6 lets Black off too easily.} dxe4 {Otherwise Black must live in constant
dread of e5 or exd5, either of which White can play at his own convenience.}
14. Nxe4 {The recapture leaves White with a formidable center.} Nxe4 {Black
exchanges pieces to help free his crowded position.} 15. Rxe4 {Anticipating
the natural defensive response 15...Nf6, to which White would reply 16. Rh4.
The plan is then to dislodge Black's knight, which guards against mate. This
might be accomplished by 17. d5 followed by 18. Bxf6 or by 17. Ne5 followed by
18. Ng4. To prevent capture or uprooting of his knight and the consequent
Qxh7#, Black would have to play ...g6 or ...h6, in either case loosening the
pawn structure and thereby weakening the king's defences.} Bf6 {This prevents
16. Rh4, gives the bishop more scope and puts pressure on White's center. It
also incorporates a pretty threat in 16...Nc4 17. dxc5 Bxb2, simplifying to
Black's advantage.} 16. Qe3 {White puts an end to that little scheme!} c5 {
This certainly looks attractive! Black plans 17...cxd4, a capture that White
canno avoid, his d-pawn being pinned. With the disappearance of White's
troublesome central pawn, the squares e5 and c5 then become available to
Black's knight, and the c-file opens up for counterplay by his queen and rook.}
17. Ne5 {The knight establishes an outpost. It seems harmless enough: it
threatens nothing and does not interfere with whatever ideas Black has in mind.
} cxd4 {Counting on the continuation 18. Bxd4 Bxe5 19. Bxe5 Nxe5 20. Rxe5 Rfd8,
when Black's control of the open d-file greatly increases his chances.} 18.
Nxd7 {A remarkable concept! Not because White plays a combination which
involves a queen sacrifice, but that the offer of the queen is only a detail!
It is subordinate to the overall strategy of the game, which is being
conducted on positional lines and will be won that way. Any combinations that
arise will be incidental to the general plan, which is to create a passed pawn,
move it up at every opportunity and promote it to a queen.} Qxd7 {If he
accepts the offer and plays 18...dxe3 White reveals this combination: 19.
Nxf6+ Kh8 (or 19...gxf6 20. Rg4+ Kh8 21. Bxf6#) 20. Rh4 (threatening 21. Rxh7#)
20...h6 21. Rxh6+! gxh6 22. Nd5+ Kg8 23. Nxc7 and White, with two pieces for a
rook, wins easily.} 19. Bxd4 {White regains the pawn, and his bishop now
attack in two directions. On the one hand, it threatens to take the a-pawn, on
the other it aims at checkmate by 20. Bxf6 gxf6 21. Rg4+ Kh8 22. Qh6 Rg8 23.
Qxf6+ and mate next move.} Bxd4 {The bishop must be done away with!} 20. Rxd4 {
White recaptures and gains a tempo by attacking the queen.} Qc7 {The best
square. From here the queen's mobility is at its maximum.} 21. Rfd1 {Now we
can appreciate the significance of White's offer of the queen. It was not an
attempt to win the game by surprise tactics; it was the employment of a
combination as a device to gain ground positionally! White's doubling of the
rooks on the d-file gives him full control of that file, and his pawn majority
of three to tow on the queenside offers the possibility of creating a passed
pawn on the c-file.} Rfd8 {Black must oppose rooks before White either
establishes a rook on the seventh rank or triples pieces on the file.} 22. b4 {
This starts the queenside pawns rolling!  Capablanca does not even cast a
glance at such a transparent trap as 22. Rxd8+ Rxd8 23. Rxd8+ Qxd8 24. Qza7
Qd1#.} Rxd4 {The exchange is almost forced.  Otherwise, the need to protect
the rooks ties down Black's queen and his other rook.} 23. Qxd4 {Naturally,
White takes with the queen to keep two major pieces on the open file.} b6 {
Black must play this or 23...a6 in order to make use of his rook.  Note that
he cannot dispute the open file by 23...Rd8, as White snaps off the rooks and
mates next move.} 24. g3 {A safety measure to give the king a flight square
from surprise checks on the first rank; such checks very often turn out to be
fatal.} Rc8 {Doubling the attack on the c-pawn.} 25. Rc1 {In order to save the
pawn, White must shift his rook from the d-file, but now the rook is behind
the c-pawn (the candidate for promotion) and is in position to keep it under
protection, no matter how far the pawn moves up the file.} Rd8 {Black's object
is to drive the queen off and command the d-file himself with his rook.} 26.
Qe3 {A shrewd move: the queen keeps in touch with the rook, prevents Black's
rook from coming in at d1, and keeps a weather eye on the strategically
important c5-square, the c-pawns' next stop.} Kf8 {The king approaches the
field of action.  In the event of a general exchange of pieces, he is prepared
to head off the c-pawn.} 27. c5 {White's pawn advances at every available
opportunity.} bxc5 {Expecting White to recapture by 28. bxc5, whereupon he
blockades the pawn effectively by 28...Qc6.} 28. Qe4 {Very clever!  White need
not recapture immediately, as Black's pawn is pinned and cannot escape capture.
Meanwhile, the queen move stops the intended blockade by 28...Qc6 and prepares
29. bxc5 followed by 30. c6.} Rd5 {The rook rushes off to help the c-pawn.} 29.
bxc5 {A passed pawn at last!} g6 {It would not do to recapture by 29...Rxc5 as
White punishes the offending rook by 30. Qb4 pinning and then winning it.} 30.
c6 {Passed pawns must be pushed!  With each step forward, the scope of White's
rook increases, while the freedom of Black's pieces becomes more limited.} Kg7
{Black realizes that bringing the king to the center might be suicidal, viz.:
30...Ke7 31. Qh4+ Kd6 32. Qb4+ Ke5 33. Qf4#!} 31. a4 {A beautiful preparatory
move!  If White were to play 31. Qb4 at once, aiming for 32. Qb7 (in order to
dislodge the blockader) Black could exchange queens and then stop the pawn by
33...Rb5, coming behind it.  However, with White's a-pawn at a4, Black could
not bring his rook to b5!} Rd6 {Putting the pawn under lock and key.  It
cannot advance, and White's intended strategem of manuvering his queen over to
b7 is not feasible, Black's reply to 32. Qb4 being simply 32...Rxc6.  But the
very fact that one pawn can keep Black's queen and rook occupied is a tribute
to the power of a passed pawn.} 32. Qe5+ {In spite of the heavy guard
surrounding the pawn, White with on stroke will lift the blockade!} f6 {No
matter how Black gets out of check, he cannot stop the coming combination.} 33.
Qxd6 {Destroying one of the guards!} Qxd6 {And the recapture lures the other
one away!} 34. c7 {The pawn becomes a queen next move, leaving White a whole
rook ahead.} 1-0

[Event "Logical Chess, Move by Move #31"]
[Site "Budapest HUN"]
[Date "1929"]
[Round "31"]
[White "Havasi"]
[Black "Capablanca"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "E32"]
[Annotator "Irving Chernev"]
[PlyCount "68"]
[EventDate "1929"]

1. d4 {One way of getting a good share of the center is to take it!  White
does so here by planting one of his pawn right in the middle of the board.  It
occupies d4, one square, and secures a grip on two others, e5 and c5.} Nf6 {
More elastic than 1...d5.  Black develops a piece and bears down on the center
instead of occupying it with a pawn.  His knight attacks d5 and e4, and
prevents White gaining more ground with 2. e4.} 2. c4 {This advance is a
valuable freeing move queen's pawn openings.  It attacks the central square d5,
makes the c-file a favorable one for the rook (because of the likelihood of
the file being later opened up) and offers the queen access to the queenside.}
e6 {Not at once 2...d5 as 3. cxd5 Qxd5 (or 3...Nxd5 4. e4 Nf6 5. Nc3, when
White has more of the center than he is entitled to) 4. Nc3 gains time for
White by the attack on the queen.  With 2...e6, Black prepares a pawn support
for a later occupation of the center by ...d5.  Meanwhile, he releases his
f8-bishop.} 3. Nc3 {This is sharper than developing the g1-knight.  It backs
up a threat of 4. e4, presenting a formidable array of pawns in the center.}
Bb4 {The bishop clamps down on the knight and, by its pin, deprives it of the
pwoer to attack or defend.  Thus, if White carelessly played 4. e4, Black
could snap up the pawn at once.} 4. Qc2 {With a number of objects in view:  1)
the square c2 is generally the queen's more useful post in this opening.  2)
the queen guards the knight: in the event of Black playing 4...Bxc3+, the
queen may recapture and elave White's pawn structure undisturbed;  3) the
queen exerts pressure on the c-file, the advantage of which becomes manifest
with the opening of the file;  4) the queen, by controlling e4, renews White's
threat of advancing the e-pawn two squares.} d5 {Wresting control of e4 from
White and restraining his ambitious e-pawn from taking too long a first step.}
5. Nf3 {Quiet, perhaps too quiet.  It gets the king's knight off the ground,
but the lull leaves Black an opportunity to seize the initiative.} c5 {"Black
equalizes in any queen's pawn opening," says Reuben Fine, "where he can play
both ...d5 and ...c5 with impunity."  With 5...c5 Black aims to destroy
White's pawn-center, or at the very least to maintain a state of tension in
that important area.  As a fringe benefit, his queenside pieces have a bit
more elbow-room.} 6. cxd5 {White's idea is to clarify the position in the
center.  The disappearance of his c4-pawn also helps to increase the pressure
of the queen on the c-file.} Qxd5 {Preferable to 6...exd5 which allows 7. Bg5,
an annoying pin of the knight.  The queen is strongly centralized at d5, and
in no danger of being annoyed by White's minor pieces.} 7. a3 {White has had
enough of this tiresome bishop!} Bxc3+ {Black must exchange.  If instead 7...
Ba4, then 8. b4 (threatening 9. Nxd5) 8...cxb4 9. Nxd5 b3+ 10. Bd2 bxc2 11.
Nxf6+ gxf6 12. Bxa5 and White has won a piece.} 8. bxc3 {Capturing with the
queen instead lets Black gain a tempo by 8...Ne4 attacking the queen,
whereupon the prospect of White's playing e4 seems further away than ever.  In
compensation for White's theoretical advantage of the two bishops against a
knight and bishop, Black's pawn position on the queenside is distinctly
superior.} Nc6 {The knight develops with a threat.  There is now a triple
attack on White's d-pawn, and this limit his choice of reply.} 9. e3 {The
least of the evils, though it does shut in the c1-bishop.  The alternative 9.
dxc5 Qxc5 saddles White with two weak, isolated pawns, while after 9. c4 Nxd4
10. Qa4+ (or 10. cxd5 Nxc2+ and Black wins a rook) 10...Qd7 Black is up a pawn.
} O-O {The king finds a safer shelter, while the h8-rook makes its appearance.}
10. Be2 {The bishop develops gingerly.  A more energetic procedure was 10. c4
to dislodge the queen from the center, followed by 11. Bb2, with fair chances.}
cxd4 {This clever pawn exchange keeps the position fluid and gives Black a
slight advantage after any recapture.} 11. cxd4 {Understandably, White rejects
11. Nxd4 as 11...Qxg2 12. Bf3 Nxd4 in reply is ruinous.  With his actual move,
White adheres to the principle of capturing toward the center and increases
the queen's sphere of action by opeing the c-file.  Nevertheless, it might
have been better policy to play 11. exd4, activating his dark-squared bishop.}
b6 {Preparing to develop the bishop at b7, where it will command one of the
longest diagonals on the board.  Black's advantage consists mainly in his two
pawn to one on the queenside, and this, after an exchange of pawns, can turn
into one pawn against none.  As for the c-file, it can be seized by the
a8-rook.  The rook will drive White's queen off and remain in control of the
file.} 12. Nd2 {White wants the long diagonal for himself, so he vacates f3
for the bishop.  He hardly hopes to lure Capablanca into a cheap trap by 12...
Qxg2, when 13. Bf3 wins a piece.  This sort of thing does no happen in real
life.} Bb7 {The bishop stands beautifully here, despite the fact that two
pieces obstruct its path.  Meanwhile, the c8-square is ready for occupancy by
another tenant, the a8-rook.} 13. Bf3 {The bishop is well-posted here, but at
what a cost in time!  The knight has had to retreat, and the development of
White's queenside pieces has been neglected.} Qd7 {The queen keeps in touch
with the knight, which is under attack by two pieces.} 14. O-O {Trying to get
in the advance of the e-pawn is premature as 14. e4 Nxd4 costs a pawn, while
14. Nxc6 Bxc6 15. e4 Qxd4 16. Qxc6 Qxa1 loses the exchange.} Rac8 {Black
threatens 15...Nxd4, and thereby suggests that White's queen leave the c-file.}
15. Qb1 {The aggressive 15. Qa4 is risky as 15...Ne5 16. Qxd7 (16. Qxa7 Nxf3+
17. Nxf3 Qc6 follwed by 18...Ra8 puts the queen in trouble) 16...Nxf3+ 17.
Nxf3 Nxd7 is strong for Black.} Na5 {Offering an exchange of bishops. 
Refusing it leaves Black in full possession of the long diagonal.} 16. Bxb7 {
It might have been safer to concede the diagonal by 16. Be2 and keep more
pieces on the board.  Exchanging simplifies the position and accentuates
Black's superiority.} Qxb7 {Black is now ready to exploit the circumstance
that his opponent's light square are vulnerable to invasion.  These squares
have been weakened by the disappearance of the light-square bishop.  This
advantage, together with that of Black's pawn majority on the queenside (a
circumstance which generally results in the creation of a passed pawn) should
be enough to forecast a win for him.  From this point on, we will see a
demonstration of the technique of winning a won game.} 17. Bb2 {Finally, White
gets his queenside rolling.  Laudable as this object is, it was essential to
anticipate Black's next move and play 17. Qd3.  This would strengthen White's
weak squares and hold off for a time the threatened invasion.} Qa6 {A very
find manuver!  The queen takes leave of the long diagonal to exert great
pressure on a more important one.  The queen threatens to come in strongly at
e2 and make coordination by White's pieces difficult.} 18. Re1 {Parrying the
threat.  On 18. Rc1 instead (to put up a fight for the c-file), Black plays 18.
..Qe2 19. Nf3 (or 19. Ra2 Ng4 20. Rxc8 Qxf2+ and Black wins) 19...Nb3 20. Rxc8
Rxc8 21. Ra2 Rc1+!, and White must give up his queen or be mated.} Nd5 {
Admirable centralization - but it's only temporary.  The knight is on its way
to the queenside, the theater of action.} 19. Ra2 {Intending either to oppose
rooks by 20. Ba1 followed by 21. Rc2 or to continue with 20. Qa1 preventing 20.
..Nc3.} Rc6 {Clearly in order to double rooks on the c-file.  Black is in no
hurry to move his knight to c3; first he wants to induce White to dislodge the
knight from the center.} 20. e4 {A deceptive move.  It looks strong, but the
central pawns are exposed and can easily become targets of an attack.} Nc3 {It
may seem strange that Black gives up a healthy knight for a sickly bishop, but
this precaution is necessary before the rooks venture into enemy territory. 
With less material on the board, the rooks will be less exposed to the strings
of the minor pieces.} 21. Bxc3 {The knight had to be removed, as it was
attacking queen and rook.} Rxc3 {The recapture enables the rook to penetrate
deeper into White's position.} 22. Nf3 {White makes an effort to regroup his
pieces.  If he tries to dispute the c-file by 22. Rc1 then 22...Rxc1+ 23. Qxc1
Qd3 24. Qb2 Rd8 wins a central pawn.} Rfc8 {The doubled rooks now dominate the
open file.  Theoretically, Black has a won game.  His positional superiority
is undeniable, and winning, in a favorable phrase of the masters, "is simply a
matter of technique."  A pleasant state of affairs, but one which involves a
psychological danger.  There is a tendancy to relax and to let up on the
attack.  It is easy to be lulled into a false sense of security, a
circumstance which prompted Marshall's observation, "The hardest thing is to
win a won game."} 23. h3 {White gives his king an escape square - in lieu of
anything better to do.  Black's rooks cannot be driven off (if 23. Re3, then
23...Rc1+ wins the queen) so White temporizes and awaits the turn of events.}
Nc4 {The first in a series of skillfully blended moves which speed up the
tempo.  To begin with, there is triple attack on the a-pawn.} 24. a4 {No other
move saves the pawn.} Na3 {Very neat!  The knight attacks the queen and
simultaneously cuts off the a-pawn's protection by the rook.} 25. Qb2 {
Voluntarily giving up a pawn which he cannot keep.  If he tries to hold on to
the pawn by 25. Qd1, then 25...Qc4 26. Rb2 (the rook was attacked) 26...Nc2 
(now the other one is threatened) 27. Re2 Qxa4 28. Ne1 (striking at the pinned
black knight) 28...Qxd4! wins for Black.} Qxa4 {The first tangible gain.  Now
watch the greatest genius the game of chess ever produced demonstrate the art
of transforming a passed pawn into a queen.  Notice how any combinations that
do not relate to that objective, no matter how attractive, are carefully
avoided.  Such intensity of purpose is frightening (especially to one who has
to face it!)} 26. Re2 {White is running out of good moves.  He rejects 26. Qe2
as the reply 26...Rc2 leads to further exchanges.  An attack on the pinned
knight by 26. Rea1 is cleverly met by 26...Qb5, nimbly extricating the knight
from danger.} b5 {Passed pawns must be pushed!  Everything else - combinations
to win pieces, gathering up stray pawns, even attacks on the king - must be
relegated to the background as incidental to the main theme of queening the
advanced pawn.} 27. d5 {White opens lines for some sort of counterattack,
trying to create a diversion.} exd5 {The simplest response, as the recapture
will give White an isolated pawn in the middle of the baord.} 28. exd5 {In
return for this, White's e2-rook looks out on a completely open file.  In fact,
White threatens 29. Qxc3 Rxc3 30. Re8#.} b4 {An obvious move, but brilliant
nevertheless in the number of things it accomplishes:  1) it nullifies White's
threat, the e8-square now being covered by the queen;  2) it defends the
knight, freeing the queen from that duty;  3) it advances the pawn one step
nearer its ultimate goal, the eighth rank.} 29. Qd2 {Not only to support his
own passed pawn but to bring the queen into active play.} b3 {Complying with
the Manhattan Chess Club epigram, "Black passed pawns travel faster than White.
"} 30. Rb2 {This holds out longer than 30. Ra1 Rc2 31. Qe3 b2, when Black wins
more quickly.} Rc2 {Black's play is crystal clear: the passed pawn must be
pushed and its path is blocked by a rook.  Therefore the blockader must be
removed!} 31. Qe3 {White hopes to complicate matters, as 31. Rxc2 is not
attractive.} Rxb2 {The proper rook to recapture, this begins a series of
pretty moves that decides the game.} 32. Rxb2 {White must recapture.} Nc4 {An
attack on queen and rook which threatens to win the exchange.} 33. Qc1 {White
rescues the rook by pinning the knight.  It would not do to play 33. Qxb3
instead as Black simply takes the rook, and his knight now protect the queen.}
Qa3 {The pin of the knight is met by a counter-pin of the rook, Which Black
now threatens to take with his queen.} 34. Rb1 {But the rook wriggles out of
the pin.  Has Black let the win slip?} Qxc1+ {Not at all!  This compels
capitulation since after 35. Rxc1 b2 (the pawn must move on) 36. Rb1 Rb8 37.
Kf1 Na3 (driving off the last blockader) 38. Rd1 b1Q the passed pawn wins the
game for Black.} 0-1

[Event "Logical Chess, Move by Move #32"]
[Site "Budapest HUN."]
[Date "1929"]
[Round "32"]
[White "Canal"]
[Black "Capablanca"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "E16"]
[Annotator "Irving Chernev"]
[PlyCount "114"]
[EventDate "1929"]

1. d4 {A favorite of modern players, this is one of the best possible ways to
begin the struggle for mastery of the center - by occupying it with a pawn and
permitting two pieces to come quickly into play.} Nf6 {Unlike 1...d5 this does
not meet the opponent head-on, but it does prevent him from continuing with 2.
e4 and has the added merit of developing a piece at once to its proper square
in the opening.} 2. c4 {There are a good many points about this move: 1) it
restrains Black from an immediate 2...d5, as the reply 3. cxd5 FORCES A
RECAPTURE WITH A PIECE and destroys his short-lived pawn center. 2) It opens
the c-file for the use of White's major pieces. 3) It makes a diagonal
available to the queen. 4) It enables the two pawns standing by side to get a
grip on four square on the fifth rank.} e6 {Black's f8-bishop is to be
developed aggressively, to influence affairs in the center. If White replies 3.
Nc3, for example, in order to follow up with 4. e4, Black pins the knight and
makes 4. e4 immpossible.} 3. Nf3 {White cannot enforce the advance of the
e-pawn, so he makes a normal developing move and awaits events.} b6 {Further
restraint on the project! Black intends to place his bishop at b7, where it
attacks from a distance. The bishop will add its strength to that of the
knight in the control of the critical e4-square.} 4. g3 {White's best course
is to oppose bishops on the long diagonal as one does with rooks on an open
file. In setting up an equal opposing force, he takes the sting out of the
enemy bishop's attack.} Bb7 {Strictly a modern concept! In olden times they
filled up the center with pawns and then fianchettoed the bishop, with the
result that the bishop was deprived of any usefulness. Nowadays the bishop is
free to strike all along the diagonal, unhampered by fixed pawns cluttering up
his path.} 5. Bg2 {With the completion of the fianchetto, White's kingside is
cleared, and he is ready to castle.} Bb4+ {Before attempting to undermide the
center by ...c5, Black develops a piece. Not only does the bishop's move
expedite castling, but it also brings about a favorable exchange of bishops.}
6. Bd2 {This is preferable to 6. Nbd2, a passive interposition which gives
Black time to castle and then attack the center by 7...d5.} Bxd2+ {Black
proceeds with the exchange as the best means of freeing his somewhat cramped
position. Instead, withdrawing the bishop to e7 throws him on the defensive
and lets White retain the initiative.} 7. Nbxd2 {Theorists and critics of
master chess recommend that White capture with the queen instead. Despite
their shrieks that the knight belongs at c3 in order to help attack the
d5-square, the players themselves persist in recapturing with the knight. They
advance as argument that in doing so another minor piece is developed, but the
real reason might be sheer stubborness - rebellion against authority. In any
case, if it is less effective than 7. Qxd2, it is not to be so roundly
condemned.} O-O {Before taking any decisive action in the center, Black sees
to the welfare of his king and removes him to a safer part of the board. A
strong alternative is 7...c5 challenging White's pawn-center. To this, White
cannot reply 8. d5 as it loses a pawn.} 8. O-O {White makes his king's
position more secure and presses the h1-rook into service.} c5 {A strong move,
whose object is to undermine White's center.} 9. dxc5 {White has little choice.
Moving the pawn to d5 loses a pawn, supporting it with 9. e3 (in order to
recapture with a pawn and maintain a pawn in the center), ties down the e-pawn
to the job of defence. The chances then of the e-pawn's ever reaching e4 are
rather dubious.} bxc5 {Black has gained three advantages by a simple exchange
of pawn: 1) he has exchanged a center pawn for a less central pawn; 2) his
c-pawn controls d4, making it impossible for White to settle a piece on that
square; 3) his queen and a1-rook will be able to operate with good effect on
the newly opened b-file.} 10. Qc2 {In most cases the function of the queen in
the opening is not so much to be moving around as it is to get off the back
rank and out of the way, so that the rooks can get together and work on the
center files. With the departure of the queen, the f1-rook can occupy d1,
exert pressure on the d-file, and make life uncomfortable for Black's forces
on that file.} Nc6 {The knight develops toward the center and intensifies the
pawn's grip on d4.} 11. Rfd1 {The tempting 11. e4 meets its refutation in 11...
e5 (strengthening the pressure on d4) followed by 12...Qe7 and 13...Nd4. White
would then face a problem: the pressure of the knight at d4 is almost
intolerable, but removing it lets Black recapture by 14...cxd4, leaving him
with a passed pawn on the d-file.} Qb6 {Now there are three pieces bearing
down on d4, while the queen herself gets a purchase on the open b-file.} 12. a3
{White has no wild dream of starting a counterattack with 13. b4; mainly he
wants to rule out ...Nb4 at some later stage.} Rab8 {Fine positional play! One
is apt to forget that a rook's first duty is to seize upon any file that is
open, not only since the rook's attack extends the whole length of the file
but because the rook has a convenient avenue for its progress to other points.}
13. Rab1 {White's rook also goes to b1, but what a world of difference there
is in the two moves! White's rook has no open file; it has little prospect of
increasing its mobility, and its function is purely defensive. In protecting
the b-pawn, though, it relieves the queen of a responsibility.} Rfc8 {The rook
was doing nothing at f8, so it is transferred to a file where it is likely to
become useful. There was no hurry about playing 13...a5 since White is in no
position to try for the break by 14. b4.} 14. e4 {White's move has a
superficial appearance of strength. In reality, the pawn occupies a square
that should be kept clear. White's pieces lose a great deal of mobility in not
being able to make use of e4 as a jumping off point to their various
destinations.} e5 {Stifling 15. e5, White's e-pawn's lust to expand. Notice
how Black has reinforced his hold on d4. This point now has the power of the
queen, a knight and a couple of pawns trained on it.} 15. Qd3 {White hopes for
some counterplay along the d-file, either by 16. Qd6 or in manuvering his
knight by way of f1 and e3 to d5. In the meantime, he prevents Black from
playing 15...Nd4, the response to which is 16. Nxe5.} d6 {A witty, almost
impudent, reply. Black guards the e-pawn (so that he can play 16...Nd4) with a
pawn which itself is unprotected! White, of course, must not take the d-pawn,
the penality for 16. Qxd6 being 16...Rd8, winning the queen.} 16. Nf1 {
Indicating that he wants to deply the knight to e3 and then to d5. Excellent
strategy, if White can carry it out.} Nd4 {However, Black gets there first!
Not only does he establish an outpost at d4, but he also hinders White from
continuing his manuver. If White tries 17. Ne3, then 17...Bxe4 18. Nd5 Bxd3 19.
Nxb6 Nxf3+ 20. Bxf3 Rxb6 21. Rxd3 e4 wins a piece neatly.} 17. Nxd4 {The
advanced knight cramps his style, so White gets rid of it.} exd4 {Black is
happy to exchange: he has a passed pawn on the d-file, which in the course of
time might become a queen. More than that, the pawn guards the exits. It
hinders White's knight from coming out at e3 and puts an end to its ambition
to reach d5. The passed pawn at d4 is apparently the logical candidate for
promotion to queen, but there are surprises to come - many of them!} 18. b4 {
Suddenly White bursts forth! His chief threat is 19. bxc5 Qxc5 (Black must
recapture with the queen, as she is doubly attacked) 20. Rxb7 Rxb7 21. e5, and
the discovered attack will net White two pieces for a rook. How does Black
meet this threat? Obviously not with 18...cxb4, as 19. Rxb4 gives White the
better of it. Also not by 18...Qc7, when after 19. bxc5 dxc5 (to protect the
passed pawn) 20. f4 threatening 21. e5 follows, and White pieces spring to
life. Capablanca's actual reply initiates a remarkable combination. He lets
White obtain an advantage in material in return for a position which looks far
from promising - except to a Capablanca!} Qc6 {Triple attack on the e-pawn!
This forces White either to defend the pawn tamely, or else to go ahead boldly
with the combination he planned.} 19. bxc5 {White plays to win! He takes a
pawn off, opens a file for his rook, and threatens to removed the passed
d-pawn.} dxc5 {Black must recapture with the pawn to preserve the precious
passed pawn.} 20. Rxb7 {This tempting combination wins two pieces for a rook.
Has Capablanca been caught offguard, or does he see much further into the
resources of the position than his opponent?} Qxb7 {Black captures with the
queen to maintain control of the valuable open file.} 21. e5 {Discovered
attack on the queen and direct attack on the knight.} Qb3 {A remarkable offer
to exchange queens! Usually, the side that is ahead in material tries to clear
the board and simplify to an ending.} 22. exf6 {White rejects 22. Bxb3 as it
leads to 22...Rxb3 23. exf6 Rax3, when Black is left with two passed pawns.}
Qxd3 {The idea of this is to force the white rook off the first rank. The rank
then becomes available to Black's rook as a point of entry, enabling it to get
behind White's pawns.} 23. Rxd3 {White has no choice.} Rb1 {The knight is
pinned as a start, and White has to scramble frantically to break the pin.
Against passive play, Black continues with 24...Re8 followed by 25... Ree1 and
26...Rec1. This wins the c-pawn since White cannot protect it by 27. Bd5
without abandoning the knight. After capturing the pawn, Black would have two
dangerous connected pawns rushing to become queens.} 24. Bd5 {White's plan is
clear: he protects the precious c-pawn and vacates a square for his king.
Following 25. Kg2, the knight, no longer pinned, can come into the game.} Rcb8
{The doubled rooks give Black undisputed possession of the all-important
b-file. White is now faced with two threats: 1) 25...Rc1 intending 26...Rbb1.
The attack on the knight would compel the bishop to return to g2, whereupon
Black picks up the c-pawn. 2) 25...R8b3, forcing an exchange of rooks, after
which one of White's queenside pawns must fall.} 25. Kg2 {White unpins the
knight, which has been a spectator for the last ten moves.} R8b3 {A daring
concept! Black offers to exchange rooks and let White remain with two pieces
to his one!} 26. Rxb3 {White is happy to oblige.} Rxb3 {Now the a-pawn is in
peril.} 27. Nd2 {White could not save the a-pawn (if 27. a4, then 27...Rb4 28.
a5 Ra4), so the knight counterattacks by going after a pawn.} Rxa3 {Winning a
pawn and simultaneously creating a passed pawn on the a-file. Will this be the
one to become a queen?} 28. Ne4 {Now White's pieces spring into action! The
threat is 29. Nxc5, knocking the support out from under the d-pawn and giving
himself a passed c-pawn.} a5 {Much better than 28...Ra5 which ties the rook
down defending a pawn and makes his role in the ending a subordinate one.} 29.
Nxc5 {After this capture, White's own passed pawn begins to look menacing.}
gxf6 {No so much to gain a pawn as to give the king more freedom. If at once
29...Kf8, then 30. Kd7+ drives the king back to g8, as 30...Ke8 allows 31.
fxg7 winning for White.} 30. Kf1 {The king turns back to head off the passed
pawns.} a4 {Black does not fear a double attack on this pawn by 31. Bc6. He
would refute this by 31...Ra1+ followed by 32...a3, and the pawn has moved
another step forward.} 31. Ke2 {The king comes closer, definitely putting an
end to any danger from the d-pawn. How does Black proceed?} Ra1 {By scaring
White with the threat of queening the a-pawn! Black intends 32...a3, followed
by 33...a2, 34...Re1+ (to make way for the pawn without loss of time) and 35...
a1Q.} 32. Nd3 {White blockades the d-pawn and prepares to advance his own
passed pawn.} a3 {Back at the seventeenth move it seemd that the d-pawn would
reach the eighth rank and become a queen. The d-pawn is blockaded, and it now
appears that the a-pawn is the one that will be promoted. But will it be the
a-pawn?} 33. c5 {White's pawn can cause trouble, too!} a2 {Threatening to win
on the spot by 34...Re1+ 35. Nxe1 a1Q.} 34. Kf3 {The king steps aside to evade
the check.} Rd1 {This move, which attacks the kinght as well as threatening to
queen the pawn, adds to White's difficulties.} 35. Bxa2 {White must destroy
this dangerous creature at all costs!} Rxd3+ {With this capture Black nets a
piece for his a-pawn.} 36. Ke4 {White does not fall into the trap 36. Ke2
losing his passed pawn after 36...Rc3.} Rd2 {The text-move attacks the bishop
and the f-pawn. Moreover, it revives the d-pawn's prospects. Is this pawn to
be the candidate after all?} 37. Bc4 {An admirable spot for the bishop. Black
can now easily go wrong by 37...Rxf2 38. c6 Rb2 (if 38...Rc2, then 39. Kd5
wins for White) 39. c7, and White's pawn crashes through!} Kf8 {The king takes
over the job of restraining the dangerous pawn.} 38. f3 {Advancing the c-pawn
is useless: 38. c6 Ke7 and the pawn can go no further. With the text-move,
White offers his h-pawn in return for Black's d-pawn.} Rxh2 {Black falls in
with the suggestion. Instead of grimly holding on to the passed pawn, he is
willing to simplify, confident that his superiority is enough to secure the
win. This requires a belief in justice on the chessboard, and confidence in
one's ability to mete it out properly.} 39. Kxd4 {With this capture, White's
prospects look brighter. His king and bishop are in close attendance on the
passed pawn and will bend all their efforts to escort it to the far side of
the board.} Ke7 {Ready to blockade the pawn.} 40. Bd3 {Apparently with the
idea of switching the bishop to e4. From there it guards the f-pawn, prevents
Black's doubled pawns from advancing, and is prepared to protect his c-pawn
when it reaches c6.} h5 {Threatening 41...Rg2 42. g4 h4, when Black wins. Is
the h-pawn to be the passed pawn that becomes the queen?} 41. Ke3 {The king
comes closer to rescue the g-pawn.} Rg2 {In forcing the king to defend the
g-pawn, Black draws him farther away from his own passed pawn.} 42. Kf4 {The
only move. Against 42. g4 the win is easy: 42...h4 43. Bf1 Rc2 44. Kd4 Rf2 45.
Bh3 Rxf3 46. Bg2 Rg3 47. Bf1 h3, etc.} Rg1 {Now to get behind the passed pawn!
In the ending, the rook does its best work behind the enemy's pawns. Its power
to strike extends all along the line, so that NO MATTER HOW FAR THE PAWN
ADVANCES ON THE FILE, IT CAN NEVER ESCAPE FROM THE ROOK'S ATTACK.} 43. Be4 {
Preparing to protect the pawn when it reaches c6.  If at once 43 c6, then 43...
Rc1 44. Be4 (but not 44. Bb5 Rc5 45. Ba4 Rc4+ winning the bishop), and we have
the position reached a little later in the game by a transposition of moves.}
Rc1 {To the uninitiated, this appears strange!  Why help the pawn move farther
up the board?  Black's idea is to compel the pawn to move to a light square. 
This will tie the bishop down to its defence and considerably limit the
bishop's sphere of activity.} 44. c6 {The pawn moves up to come under the
bishop's protection.} Rc3 {A tremendously effective move!  It reduces White to
a state of ZUGZWANG - a compulsion move.  What this means is that White might
hold the game, except that he must make a move, and any move he makes is fatal
because it disturbs the position unfavorably.} 45. c7 {Voluntarily giving up
the pawn he cannot save!  The alternatives are extremely interesting.} (45. Kf5
Rc5+ {to drive the king back} 46. Kf4 Ke6 47. Ke3 {a bishop move loses the
pawn at once, while 47. g4 allows 47...h4 giving Black a passed pawn} f5 48.
Bd3 Rxc6 {and Black wins.}) (45. Bd5 Rc5 46. Ke4 {46. Be4 Ke6 leads to play as
in line '1'} f5+ 47. Kd4 Rxd5+ 48. Kxd5 f4 49. Kc5 (49. gxf4 h4 50. Kc5 Kd8 51.
Kb6 Kc8 {wins}) 49... fxg3 50. Kb6 g2 51. c7 g1=Q+ 52. Kb7 Qb1+ 53. Kc8 Qb6 54.
f4 Qa7 55. f5 Qa8#) 45... Rxc7 {Removing a potential danger.  The ending still
requires winning, and the manner of achieving the win is an illustration of
smooth, flawless technique.  The demonstration is as lucid and accurate as
though it were the solution of a composed endgame study.} 46. Bd5 {To keep
Black from moving his king to the fine square of e6.} Rc5 {The rook intends to
pursue the bishop until it leaves the diagonal overlooking the e6-square.} 47.
Ba2 {Understandably, the bishop tries to stay on the diagonal as long as
possible.  If instead 47. Bb3 ...} (47. Bb3 Rb5 {forces} 48. Ba2 (48. Bc4 Rb4 {
pins the bishop , while}) (48. Ba4 Rb4+ {also wins the bishop}) 48... Rb2 49.
Bd5 Rb4+ 50. Kf5 (50. Be4 Ke6 51. Ke3 f5 {wins}) (50. Ke3 f5 {followed by 51...
Kf6 and Black wins}) 50... Rb5 51. Ke4 f5+ 52. Kd4 Rxd5+ 53. Kxd5 f4 54. gxf4
h4 {when the pawn cannot be stopped.}) 47... Rb5 {Complete domination!  The
bishop has no moves.} 48. Ke3 (48. Ke4 f5+ 49. Kf4 Kf6 50. Ke3 {the bishop
cannot move, and 50. g4 loses to 50...hxg4 51. fxg4 Rb4+ 52. Kf3 fxg4+} Rb4 51.
Bd5 f4+ 52. gxf4 h4 53. Kf2 Rb2+ 54. Kg1 Kf5 55. Bxf7 Kxf4 56. Bd5 Kg3 57. Be4
Ra2 58. Kf1 h3 {and Black wins}) 48... Ra5 {Allowing the bishop one square on
the a2-a8 diagonal.} 49. Bc4 {The bishop could not go to b3 on account of the
ensuing pin, and} (49. Bb1 {is answered by} Ke6 50. Kf4 Ra4+ 51. Ke3 (51. Be4
f5 {wins the bishop}) 51... f5 52. Bc2 f4+ 53. gxf4 (53. Kd2 fxg3) 53... Ra3+
54. Kd2 Ra2 55. Kc1 Rxc2+ {and Black wins.}) 49... Rc5 {Dislodging the bishop
from the diagonal leading to e6.} 50. Ba6 (50. Kd4 Rg5 {wins a pawn at once
while}) (50. Ba2 {is refuted by} f5 {clearing f6 for Black's king.}) 50... Ke6
{Another step nearer the center and White's remaining pawns.} 51. Kf4 {White
puts up a hard fight!  He is ready to pounce on 51...f5 with 52. Kg5.} Rc3 {
Again restricting White to a move by the bishop.  Playing 52. Ke4 succombs to
52...f5+ 53. Kf4 Kf6, etc.} 52. Bf1 {White must keep watch over c4, otherwise 
(if he plays 52. Bb7, for example) 52...Rc4+ forces his king to retreat while
Black's can advance.} f5 {Finally! This pawn moves up a square and vacates f6
for the king.} 53. Ba6 {The number of moves White has left is dwindling!} (53.
g4 fxg4 54. fxg4 h4 55. g5 h3 56. Kg4 h2 57. Bg2 Rc1 {wins for Black, while
after 53. Kg5 ...}) (53. Kg5 Rxf3 54. Bc4+ Ke5 55. Kh4 f4 {Black agains wins
easily.}) 53... Kf6 {Stalemating White's king.  What remains now is to force
him back to the third rank while Black's king moves up to the fourth.} 54. Bb7
{If the bishop stays on the longer diagonal, for instance by 54. Be2, Black
plays 54...Rb3 and then drives the king back by 55...Rb4+.} Rc4+ {Compelling
the king to retreat.} 55. Ke3 {The only move.} Kg5 {With the pretty threat 56..
.f4+ 57. Kd3 (57. gxf4+ Rxf4 gives Black a passed pawn, while 57. Kf2 Rc2+ 58.
Kg1 fxg3 gives him two) 57...fxg3 58. Kxc4 Kf4!, and Black wins neatly.} 56.
Kf2 {A thrust at the rook by 56. Bd5 allows this finish:} (56. Bd5 f4+ 57. Ke2
Rc2+ 58. Kd3 Rc7 {(simple but brutal), and Black wins.}) {With the text-move,
White retreats in order to head off the potential passed pawn, whichever one
that may be!} 56... f4 {This is the ky move in all cases!  Black threatens to
win at once by 57...Rc2+ 58. Kg1 fxg3.} 57. Kg2 {Ready to reply to the check
with 58. Kh3 saving the pawn.} f5 {This passed pawn must be pushed.  This pawn,
which stood patiently at f7 for 56 moves, is, believe it or not, the one that
is destined to become the passed pawn that wins the game!  White does not wait
for the proof: After 58. Kh3 fxg3 59. Kxg3 h4+ (a likely-looking candidate,
but not the final choice) 60. Kh3 Rc3 61. Bd5 Kf4 62. Kxh4 Rxf3 63. Bxf3 Kxf3
64. Kh3 f4 65. Kh2 Ke2 the pawn marches straight through to be queened.  The
whole game is beautiful, and the ending so fascinating that I could not resist
a detailed analysis of its many fine points.  A study of it is far more
rewarding in entertainment and instruction than the playing over a host of
'brilliancies' that feature a flinging of pieces in wanton display.} 0-1

[Event "Logical Chess, Move by Move #33"]
[Site "Gothenberg SWE"]
[Date "1920"]
[Round "33"]
[White "Rubinstein"]
[Black "Maroczy"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "D63"]
[Annotator "Irving Chernev"]
[PlyCount "69"]
[EventDate "1920"]

1. d4 {This opening move, seizing the center with a pawn and making room for
two pieces to come out, is efficient. White intends to develop all his pieces
as quickly as possible, posting each of them in one move on its most suitable
square. He will make only those pawn moves that speed his development (by
releasing pieces or attacking the center) or hinder that of his opponent.} Nf6
{Model development in every respect: the knight leaps in toward the center
where it has the greatest potential for attack, exerts immediate pressure on
the important squares d5 and e4, and prevents White from establishing a strong
pawn formation by 2. e4.} 2. Nf3 {White develops the kingside pieces first, to
enable early castling on that side. At f3, the knight stands on its most
useful square in the opening. It is beautifully placed for attack - notice how
it supplements the pawn's grip on e5 - and is a peerless defender of the
kingside after White castles.} d5 {Black cannot wrest the initiative by brute
force. He may get it if White plays carelessly (wasting time in the opening or
chasing after pawns) but against normal development Black must content himself
with achieving equality. Black's second move neutralizes White's central
pressure and opens lines for two of his own pieces.} 3. c4 {One of the rare
occasions when a pawn move which does not aid development is opportune. This
one attacks and threatens to eliminate, by 4. cxd5, Black's center. It does
additional service in increasing the mobility (actual and potential) of
White's pieces. It clears a diagonal for the queen and assures the opening of
the c-file for the later use of the queen or a1-rook.} e6 {Black supports the
d-pawn with another pawn. If White tries breaking up the center by 4. cxd5,
Black is prepared to recapture with a pawn, to keep the center intact by
maintaining a pawn at d5. Although 3...e6 has the drawback of shutting in the
c8-bishop, it is still Black's best move. The difficulty in developing the
bishop effectively may not seem alarming, but if it is not overcome, it will
amount to Black playing a piece short. For the present, in partial
compensation, the f8-bishop has lots of elbow room.} 4. Bg5 {This move has a
terribly cramping effect on Black's game. It clamps a pin on the knight and
thereby exerts pressure on any pieces behind it. Black canno move freely about
while his kingside is gripped by the bishop. In the 19th century, White would
more often have developed the dark-squared bishop at f4, where it commands a
useful diagonal. Nowadays we look for sharper, more vigorous moves. If we can
mobilize our forces and at the same time restrain the enemy's development, we
accomplish more than with routine, often innocuous, measures. The pin of the
knight paralyzes Black's only developed piece.} Be7 {Why all the fuss when the
pin is so easily lifted? For one thing, in unpinning the knight, the bishop is
restricted to a defensive, passive role. Its development has been dictated by
the fact that White put pressure on the knight. Black's play, incidentally, is
in no way to be deprecated. The bishop's move, modest as it is, is a step
forward in the process of development. The bishop has left the last rank,
taken up a strong defensive post, and cleared the kingside, enabling Black to
castle.} 5. e3 {Pawns should be moved sparingly in the opening, but since SOME
pawns must be moved to get the bishops into play, this must be regarded as a
developing move.} Nbd7 {In the Queen's Gambit Declined, the ideal square for
the development of the b8-knight is not c6 but d7. From d7, the knight
supports and eventual thrust at White's center by the e-pawn or the c-pawn.
The knight must not develop at c6, where it blocks the c-pawn. THIS PAWN MUST
NOT BE PREVENTED FROM ADVANCING TO C5, WHERE IT CAN DISPUTE CONTROL OF THE
CENTER.} 6. Nc3 {The white queen's knight, contrariwise, is posted excellently
at c3. It does not block the c-pawn and bears down on d5 and e4, two of the
four important squares in the center.} O-O {Black transfers his king to a more
secure location and brings his h8-rook closer to the center files.} 7. Rc1 {
The rook develops where it has the most attractive prospects for attack. At c1
it controls and will exert pressure all along the open c-file. The file is
obstructed now by White's own knight and pawn, but the pawn can be disposed of
by an exchange and the knight can move and clear the file. Strictly speaking,
the file is only partly open, but open or not, the rook goes to c1 because:
CONTROL OF THE C-FILE IS ABSOLUTLY VITAL IN THE QUEEN'S GAMBIT.} Re8 {Black's
rook moves to a center file, where it may play a useful part in any action
that takes place in the center. The rook's presence on the file is of little
consequence, but with every clearance on the file, its influence grows
stronger and stronger. Black's game is cramped, but alternatives aimed at
freeing it immediately are not convincing: 1) 7...dxc4 8. Bxc4 and White gains
a tempo with this bishop, since it recaptures and develops at the same time. 2)
7...a6 (in order to continue with 8...dxc4 9. Bxc4 b5 10. Bd3 Bb7) 8. c5 can
be very constraining. 3) 7...c5 8. dxc5 Nxc5 9. cxd5 exd5 (not 9... Nxd5 10.
Nxd5 exd5 11. Rxc5! Bxg5 12. Rxd5, when White wins the bishop) and Black's
d5-pawn is weak, while White has the fine d4-square as a central point for
manuvering his pieces to any part of the board.} 8. Qc2 {The best place on the
board for the queen! From c2 the queen increases the pressure on the c-file
and seizes control of the center, making the problem of freeing himself
troublsome for Black.} dxc4 {Black gets impatient and tries to break loose. It
would have been better to delay this capture, though, and wait for White to
move his f1-bishop. Then the recapture costs the bishop an extra move. Black
might have played instead 8...c6, strengthening the position of the d5-pawn
and offering the queen an outlet to the queenside.} 9. Bxc4 {Obviously a gain
of time for White, whose light-squared bishop recaptures a pawn and develops
to a good square simultaneously.} c5 {Black must counterattack or be crushed
to death. This offers the most practical chances in that he establishes
tension in the center and disputes control in that area. Furthermore, he
prepares to oppose roosk on the c-file and fight for equal rights on the file.}
10. O-O {The simplest way to keep up the pressure is to continue developing.
At one stroke White removes his king to a safer part of the board and brings
the h1-rook out of the corner and toward the center.} cxd4 {Black's intention
is to force White to a decision regarding the center. If White recaptures with
a pawn, it saddles him with an isolated pawn in the middle of the board; if
wiht a piece, then his pawn-center is no better than Black's.} 11. Nxd4 {
Rubinstein prefers this to 11. exd4, which maintains a pawn, but one that is
isolated, in the center. The weakness of a pawn separated from its fellows
lies not so much in the fact that the pawn can only be defended by pieces, but
in the peculiar circumstance that enemy pieces can settle themselves on the
square directly in front of the pawn (in this case d5) and stay there
indefinitely, secure in the knowledge that no enemy pawns can drive them away.
The strength of an isolated pawn in the center (for instance at d4, if White
recaptured by 11. exd4) consists of its control of the strategically important
e5- and c5- squares, its ability to spearhead an attack to break up a position,
and its value as a support for an outpost - in this case a knight at e5.} a6 {
Mainly to secure the b5-square from invasion by one of White's minor pieces.
The objection to this move is that pawn moves that do not contribute to
development are a waste of valuable time in the opening. More to the point is
11...Ne5 12. Bb3 Bd7 13. Rfd1 Qb6, with a view to getting some acation out of
his pieces. Notice that White has made only those pawn moves which were
necessary to release pieces, or which added to the mobility of pieces already
developed. Every single move, of piece or pawn, furthered the development of
White's position and increased its potential energy.} 12. Rfd1 {Now the rooks
swings over to the center, placing itself at the head of a file facing the
queen. The queen is sure to feel uncomfortable, no matter how many pieces
separate the two, as threats are constantly in the air. For instance, if Black
should play the plausible 12...Nb6, attacking the bishop, the reply 13. Nxe6
wins the queen by a discovered (and double) attack. Yates and Winter comment
admiringly at this point, "A classical example of correct development. White
has brought his queen, rooks, bishops and one knight to almost ideal squares
in one move each."} Qa5 {The queen flees the line of fire, gaining a little
time by attacking a bishop.} 13. Bh4 {The bishop retreats but maintains
pressure on the knight.} Ne5 {Now the other bishop is threatened, apparently
with more gain of time for Black.} 14. Be2 {Both bishops have been driven back,
but, despite this, their latent power is enormous. The potential of two
bishops working in harmony is not be to given up lightly, so White does not
consider a moves such as 14. Bd3 which lets Black play 14...Nxd3 and exchange
a short-stepping knight for a long-range bishop. Condensed, it comes down to
this: IT IS AN ADTANTAGE TO KEEP BOTH BISHOPS.} Ng6 {Swinging over to the
kingside, the knight attacks the dark-squared bishop and forces it still
further back. Meanwhile, more and more barriers are being put up about Black's
king, who now seems firmly entrenched in a bomb-proof shelter. Despite all the
time Black seems to have gained in his attacks on the White bishops, he should
have doen something to get his queenside pieces off the ground, for instance
by 14...Bd7 instead. Then the continuation 15. Nb3 Qc7 16. Qb1 Bc6 gives him
reasonable fighting chances.} 15. Bg3 {The bishop must step back a square and
relax its pressure on the knight, but now it commands a magnificent diagonal.
Black cannot continue chasing the bishops in an effort to get rid of one of
them since after 15...Nh5 16. Nb3 Qg5 (the queen must protect the knight) 17.
Ne4 Qh6 18. Bc7 White dominates the board.} e5 {An extremely attactive move!
These are all the things the pawn does: 1) It occupies a square in the center.
2) It opens a path for the c8-bishop. 3) It cust down the scope of White's
g3-bishop. 4) It will drive off White's knight from its centralized position.
Against this, Black's move offers one objection, seemingly a slight one. The
d5-square, no longer under the pawn's control, has been weakened. It offers
White the prospect of utilizing this central point for the easy manuvering of
his pieces to any part of the board. Will this one liability outweight all the
assets? It is this judgement of impoderables, where exact calculation is not
possible, that makes chess a fascinating blend of art and science.} 16. Nb3 {
The knight must leave but retaliates by getting in a thrust at the queen.} Qc7
{The queen evades the attack, and Black prepares to regroup his pieces,
perhaps by 17...Bd7, 18... Bc6 and 19...Rad8.} 17. Qb1 {This is White's fifth
retreating move in succession, but with every step backward his position
improves! Though driven back to the first three ranks, his pieces will gain in
dynamic energy. Gradually they will take up stronger positions, dominate the
board, and put the enemy to fight. Black has no time now to develop his
c8-bishop as after 17...Bd7 18. Nd5 Qd8 (if 18...Nxd5, then 19. Rxc7 Nxc7 20.
Rxd7 wins) 19. Nc7 White wins the exchange.} Qb8 {Black's queen was forced to
retreat (by the threat of a discovered attack) while White's queen moved to b1
voluntarily. The difference in the postions is apparent: 1) White's queen does
not obstruct the rooks, which together control the two open files; Black's
queen and bishop separate his rooks, one of which is completely shut in, while
the other's action is severely limited. 2) White has two agile, long-range
bishops; Black has one, with the other undeveloped and still at home. 3)
White's queen can leap into the fray quickly; Black's must skulk on the
fringes of the board.} 18. Bf3 {The bishop seizes the long diagonal and
prevents Black from playing 18...b5 (the punishment being 19. Bxa8) and then
fianchettoing his bishop.} Qa7 {Black's manuvering is tortuous, but evidently
he wants to bring his rook to b8, then play ...b5, and finally develop his
queen's bishop at b7.} 19. Na5 {A fine preventive move! It stops 19...Rb8
followed by 20...b5 as then 21. Nc6 wins the exchange, while the direct 19...
Bd7 or 19...Be6 costs Black his b-pawn. Notice how White not only sees to the
development of his own pieces but hinders that of his opponent.} Bb4 {Black
tries to chase off the knight, which is hampering the free movement of his
queenside pieces.} 20. Nc4 {The knight must leave, but in compensation it
enjoys the advantage of being nearer the center.} Bd7 {The bishop moves to the
only square available for its development! If Black tries instead 20...Be6,
then 21. Nxe5 wins a pawn, while on 20...Bg4 21. Bxg4 Nxg4 22. Nd5 the threats
of 23. Nxb4 (winning a piece) and 23. Nc7 (winning the exchange) cannot both
be met.} 21. Nd5 {The knight leaps to d5 and attacks pieces all over the
place! It threatens one bishop directly (by 22. Nxb4) and the other indirectly,
by 22. Nxf6+ gxf6 23. Rxd7. In addition to this, it threatens 22. Nc7,
attacking both rooks and thereby winning the exchange.} Nxd5 {Obviously, such
a dangerous beast must be removed!} 22. Bxd5 {White recaptures with the threat
of 23. Bxf7+ Kxf7 24. Rxd7+, winning a pawn. He gains a tempo with this, as
Black must drop whatever he is doing to parry the threat.} Be6 {Black must rid
the board of the terrible bishop which attacks his kingside and restrains his
queenside. It would not do to play 22...Bc6 as 23. Bxc6 bxc6 24. Qe4 wins the
e-pawn or the c-pawn.} 23. Qe4 {A master move in every respect, and a one-move
lesson in positional play! Where most of us think of an exchange in terms of
what happens after 23. Bxe6, the great master visualizes an exchange as an
opportunity to substitue another piece for one that must come off the board.
White is willing to exchange, but only if he can be assured of keeping control
of d5 by replacing the bishop with another piece. Let me reword this, so that
the message is unmistakable: Supporting a piece under attack (here the bishop
at d5) puts more pressure on Black, whre a direct exchange or a retreat might
relieve it. Note incidentally the full effect of the queen's magnificent
centralization, and her radiation of power in so many directions: 1) The queen
supports the bishop at d5.2) The queen adds to the bishop's attack on the
b-pawn. 3) The queen helps in the attack on the e-pawn. 4) The queen threatens
(indirectly) Black's b4-bishop.} Bxd5 {Practically forced in view of the many
threats. An attempts to drive the queen off by 23...f5 is brusquely refuted by
24. Qxf5 and Black (whose bishop is pinned) is unable to take the queen.} 24.
Rxd5 {Black rids himself of one troublesome piece only to have another one
take its place! For the third time, White anchors a piece at d5, each time
intensifying his grip on the position. Now there is a fourfold attack on the
e-pawn, by rook, knight, bishop and queen. While this pawn is being rescued,
White will gain the time needed to double his rooks on the d-file,
guaranteeing him permanent possession of this vital highway. The effect on
Black will be to cut communication between his forces, making an organized
resistance difficult.} Rac8 {Protecting the pawn indirectly by pinning one of
its attackers.  White cannot take the pawn with the knight on pain of mate,
nor with the rook, as that results in loss of material to White.  This leaves
25. Bxe5, and Black is ready to punish that with 25...f6 26. Bd4 Rxe4 27. Bxa7
Rexc4, when he has gained a piece.} 25. Rcd1 {Doubling the rooks on an open
file, an act that more than doubles the strength of the rooks.  White's knight
is now unpinned, and the attack on the e-pawn renewed, with incidentally a
threat of discovered attack on the bishop.  White has a won game theoretically,
and Rubinstein wins it in a way that is both efficient and artistic.} Bf8 {
Black transfers the exposed bishop to the defence.  Against the immediate
counterattack by 25...f5, White has a winning continuation in 26. Qxf5 Rxc4 27.
Rd8! Rxd8 28. Rxd8+ Nf8 29. Qe6+ Kh8 30. Qxc4, when he is the exchange ahead. 
After Black's actual move, he can answer 26. Nxe5 with 26...f6, winning the
unfortunate knight.  In addition, he contemplates the thrust 26...f5, which
after 27. Qd3 (to protect the knight) 27...f4 occasions some trouble for the
bishop.} 26. b3 {Frees the queen from the duty of guarding the knight and
stops any such move as 26...f5, when the pawn would simply be snapped up. 
Against passive play, White will continue by 27. Rd7, invading the seventh
rank.} b5 {The object of this is not so much to dislodge the knight as it is
to open a line for the queen, enabling her to return to the kingside and the
defence of the king.} 27. Nd6 {A knight fork which will force an exchange - a
simplification to White's advantage.  He will maintain the pressure inherent
in a superior position without running the risk of being involved in
unnecessary complications.  A premature attack, in fact, might even result in
a loss for White!  Consider this pretty possibility (instead of the actual
move): 27. Nxe5 f6 28. Rd7 (apparently a saving move, as White attacks the
queen and threatens to follow with 29. Qd5+ unpinning his knight) 28...Qxd7!
and Black wins!  The recapture by the rook allows Black to mate, while 29.
Nxd7 Rxe4 leaves Black a rook ahead.} Bxd6 {Black had no choice, as the knight
attacked both his rooks.} 28. Rxd6 {The recapture vacates the d5-square for
occupation by the queen; the tripling of heavy pieces on the d-file would
increase the advantage that White already has.  However, an even more potent
threat is the possibility of establishing a beachhead on the seventh rank by
29. Rd7.  THE POSTING OF A ROOK ON THE SEVENTH RANK, IN THE MIDDLEGAME OR THE
ENDING, IS A TREMENDOUS POSITIONAL ADVANTAGE.} Rc7 {Black does what he can to
keep the enemy rook out and seals up all the entrances.  White has the
superior position, but how does he break through?  Let us listen in on what
Rubenstein might say to himself in reasoning out a course of action:  My rooks
are as well placed as they can be and doing a good job controlling the open
d-file.  My queen is strongly centralized and exerts pressure in every
direction.  My bishop bears down on his e-pawn and keeps a rook and knight
chained to its defence.  My pieces are all usefully occupied and must stay
where they are.  How about my opponent?  His defence just about holds together,
but his pieces must stay where they are to guard his weak points.  If I leave
him alone, he might consolidate his forces, and even counterattack.  If I
leave him alone ...  SAY, ISN'T THAT THE KEY TO THE POSITION?  I must not
leave him alone!  I must interfere with the arrangement of his pieces.  I must
drive them off from their present positions.  In fact, I might ruin his game
by driving off even one defender!  Since my pieces are all useful where they
are, I must not disturb them but look to my pawns to break up the defence. 
Which pawn shall I use, and which of his pieces shall I try to dislodge?  The
first thing to do is to find a target.  His queen and rooks are too far away
and too agile to be bothered by pawns.  Any of them can move off to a
different square on a file or a rank and still control it.  I must aim at a
fixed target - some piece that is needed at the spot where it is stationed and
loses it effectiveness as soon as it is displaced.  How about the knight? 
Suppose I played 29. h4 and gave it a nudge by 30. h5?  It would have to leave
its fine defensive position immediately.  Where could it go?  To e7, it blocks
the action of the e8-rook, and if it retreats to the back rank, it is out of
play for a time.  Besides, I get another benefit in moving the h-pawn.  It
gives my king a flight square, so that he doesn't fall into a surprise mate on
the first rank.} 29. h4 {This is the key to the decisive attack!  The obvious
threat is 30. h5, dislodging the knight, and then capturing the e-pawn.  The
ulterior purpose is to compel Black to protect the endangered pawn by 29...f6,
weakening the cordon of pawns near his king.  Further weaknesses may then be
induced by h5 and h6, attacking the g-pawn.} f6 {Clear, to give the e-pawn the
solid support only another pawn affords.  The alternative 29...Rce7 succombs
to 30. Qc6 followed by 31. Rd8, with an easy win, while 29...h5 (to prevent 30.
h5) allows 30. Qf5, winning the h-pawn.} 30. Qd5+ {Simple and strong!  The
queen makes a powerful entrance at d5, seizing control of a diagonal leading
to the king and at the same time tripling heavy pieces on the open central
file.  Notice the admirable use of d5 as a pivot for the manuvering of the
various pieces.  It has been occupied in turn by knight, bishop, rook and
queen - aptly enough, in order of strength!} Kh8 {Hoping for safety in the
corner.  If instead 30...Rf7, then 21. h5 Nh8 32. h6 decisively breaks up
Black's defensive pawn wall, or if 30...Kf8, then 31. h5 Nh8 32. Rd8 Kf7 33.
Rxe8+ Kxe8 Qe6+ Kf8 35. h6 Re7 (nothing else saves the game, as 35...Nxh6
allows mate on the move and 35...gxh6 36. Qxf6 leads to ruin for Black) 36.
Qc8+ Re8 37. hxg7+, and White wins a rook.} 31. h5 {This move not only evicts
the knight from its strong defensive post but also drives a wedge into Black's
position.} Nf8 {Against the only other possibility, 31...Ne7, White wins
easily by 32. Qf7 with a million threats.  Let's take a look at some
interesting possibilities then:  1) 32...Rg8 33. h6 (threatening 34. Rd8
followed by mate at g7) 33...Nf5 34. hxg7+ Nxg7 35. Qxf6 and Black both loses
a pawn and falls into a deadly pin.  2) 32...Kb8 33. h6 gxh6 34. Qxf6+ Kg8 35.
Bxe5 Ng6 36. Rd7 with a quick mate.  3) 32...Rcc8 33. h6 gxh6 34. Bh4,
threatening 35. Bxf6#.  Black cannot guard against that mate by a knight move
as it leaves his queen EN PRISE.  How many of these variations did White
forsee?  And how many did Black know he was avoiding when he moved his knight
to f8 instead of e7?  The answer is - probably none!  A good player can,
almost at a glance, sense the effect of a move that is obviously decisive.  He
saves himself a great deal of valuable time when he does not even bother about
analysing the resources of such a defence as 31...Ne7.  The fact that it
permits such a paralyzing entrance into the vitals as 32. Qf7 practically
rules it out from more than fleeting consideration.} 32. h6 {White drives the
wedge in still further.  White's object is to break up the pawn position
around Black's king.  If Black's g-pawn can be uprooted, it will make the
f-pawn, the keystone of his game, vulnerable to attack.  And if that falls,
Black's whole position falls with it.  White immediate threat is 33. hxg7+
Kxg7 34. Bh4 Rf7 35. Qc6, with an attack on the e8-rook and a triple attack on
the f-pawn.} Ng6 {Black gets his knight back into active play and prevents
White from striking again at the f-pawn by 33. Bh4.  He side-steps the pretty
loss 32...gxh6 33. Rxf6 Rd7 34. Bxe5! Rxd5 (if 34...Rxe5, 35. Rxf8+ and mate
next move) 35. Rxf8# - double check and mate!} 33. Qe6 {The spectacular move! 
White is not playing to the gallery in offering a queen sacrifice.  All that
he wants is to penetrate still deeper into the heart of Black's position, and
this is the simplest way to do so.  The move is brilliant nevertheless, and
making a move of this sort (even vicariously) gives one a thrill.  I must warn
the player who likes the excitement of springing a surprise move on his
opponent that is is a waste of time to look for brilliant moves in the course
of a game unless the position warrents it.  You must first get an advantage,
however slight. Work on increasing the advantage until you have built up a
position that is definitely superior.  Once you have established your right to
look for combinations, the brilliant moves will come of themselves.  White of
course does not expect Blake to take the queen and allow 34. Rd8+ and a quick
mate.  What he has in mind primarily is to secure complete control of d7, an
important square for his rooks to exploit.  One of the most interesting things
to me in the position is that White threatens his opponent with disaster on
three ranks:  1) On the eighth rank by 34. Qxe8+ followed by mate.  2) On the
seventh rank by 34. Rd7 followed by 35. hxg7#.  3) On the sixth rank by 34.
hxg7+ Kxg7 35. Qxf6+ winning easily.} Rf8 {There isn't too much choice, in
view of all the threats.  Black's move gives the f-pawn added protection.} 34.
Rd7 {Threatening 35. hxg7# - mate on the move.} gxh6 {34...Rxd7 is no better
since the recapture 35. Rxd7 threatens mate on one side, and the queen on the
other.  White also forces mate after 34...Rd8 35. hxg7+ Rxg7 36. Rd8+.} 35. Bh4
{The bishop, which has stood in one spot for twenty-five moves, applies the
finishing touch!  The threat is 36. Bxf6+ Rxf6 37. Qxf6+ Kg8 38. Qg7#.  If 35..
.Nxh4, then 36 Qe7 threatens 37. Qxf8#, 37 Qg7# or 37 Qxh7#, and no one can
survive such a display of feminine power!  An impressive, deeply satisfying
game, one of the finest in the literature of chess.} 1-0

